Psychological aspects of Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Purpose: This review aims to discuss the psychological aspects of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders in GO, examine whether these psychiatric disorders are more prevalent in GO than in Graves' disease (GD) without eye disease, and evaluate the main contributors for depression and anxiety in GO.

Methods: A review of the literature.

Results: Both depression and anxiety are associated with GO.

Determining Asymmetry Thresholds in Anophthalmia/Microphthalmia Using a Three-dimensional Animated Model.

Purpose: Congenital microphthalmia and anophthalmia are rare development disorders with underdevelopment of the orbital region, resulting in asymmetry of the face. No clear guidelines exist to determine when these deviations are acceptable.

Methods: The face of a healthy 6-year-old child was three-dimensionally scanned.

Long term follow-up of axial length and orbital dimensions in congenital microphthalmia and anophthalmia.

Purpose: To evaluate axial length (AL), orbital width (OW) and height (OH) development in congenital microphthalmia and anophthalmia (MICA) using serial ultrasonography measurements.

Methods: A longitudinal prospective cohort (n = 74) of unilaterally and bilaterally affected MICA patients was followed from 2013 to 2022 at the university hospital in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Clinical entity, age, severity category based on axial length, conformer treatment and intra-orbital cysts were registered.

Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy.

Purpose: Dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) is a sight-threatening complication of thyroid eye disease (TED). This review provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and current therapeutic options for DON.

Methods: A literature review.

Medial lacrimal sac excision versus conventional H-shaped lacrimal sac opening in external dacryocystorhinostomy: a comparative cohort study.

Purpose: The external dacryocystorhinostomy (Ex-DCR) is a reliable but surgically challenging procedure to overcome a nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). The aim of this study is to describe the outcomes of a modified technique of lacrimal sac opening and to compare it with the conventional Ex-DCR.

Methods: This comparative cohort study included adult patients undergoing Ex-DCR for primary acquired NLDO by or under supervision of one surgeon.

Oculoplastic publication trends in general ophthalmology journals.

Aim: To examine the publication trend of oculoplastic articles throughout the last decade in general ophthalmology journals.

Methods: A review of all abstracts published between January 2010 to December 2019 in general, clinical ophthalmic journals was conducted. Articles that were categorized as original articles in general and clinical journals were included in the study.

Clinical and imaging clues to the diagnosis and follow-up of ptosis and ophthalmoparesis.

Ophthalmoparesis and ptosis can be caused by a wide range of rare or more prevalent diseases, several of which can be successfully treated. In this review, we provide clues to aid in the diagnosis of these diseases, based on the clinical symptoms, the involvement pattern and imaging features of extra-ocular muscles (EOM). Dysfunction of EOM including the levator palpebrae can be due to muscle weakness, anatomical restrictions or pathology affecting the innervation.

Workflow and treatment results for computer-aided design and 3D-printed conformer therapy of congenital anophthalmia and microphthalmia.

Background/aims: To evaluate treatment with custom, three-dimensional (3D) printed conformers for socket expansion in congenital microphthalmia and anophthalmia (MICA).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospective cohort from 2016 to 2020. All children received custom-made 3D-printed conformers increasing in size.

Imaging of the medial rectus muscle predicts the development of optic neuropathy in thyroid eye disease.

Goal of the study was to evaluate bony orbit remodeling and extraocular muscle (EOM) volume in thyroid eye disease (TED) and their role as predicting factors for development of dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON). Orbital computed tomography of 92 patients with TED with (76 orbits) or without DON (98 orbits) were retrospectively evaluated. Orbits (n = 40) of subjects without TED served as controls.

Three-Dimensional Computer-Aided Design of a Full-Color Ocular Prosthesis with Textured Iris and Sclera Manufactured in One Single Print Job.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing of ocular prosthesis has been scarcely described in medical literature. Although ocular prostheses have been 3D printed successfully, iris colors are often manually added to the final product afterward. The objective was to produce a 3D-printed ocular prosthesis with textured iris and sclera in one single print job.

Orbito-cranial schwannoma-a multicentre experience.

Objectives: To describe the features, management approaches, and outcomes of orbito-cranial schwannomas.

Methods: Retrospective review of ten patients with orbito-cranial schwannomas managed in six orbital services over 22 years. Data collected included demographics, presenting features, neuroimaging characteristics, histology, management approach, complications, and outcomes.

Pediatric Graves' orbitopathy: a multicentre study.

Purpose: Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is a rare condition in children often considered to be a less severe condition than at an older age. The aim of our study was to analyse if there are any factors that distinguish paediatric from adult GO in order to provide guidelines for assessing and managing paediatric GO.

Methods: Study design is a multicentre retrospective observational case series; 115 paediatric patients diagnosed with GO who visited our university medical centres in the Netherlands and Iran between 2003 and 2019 were submitted for complete ophthalmological examinations, serological testing and/or orbital imaging.

Retinal thinning in phenylketonuria and Gaucher disease type 3.

Purpose: Retinal alterations in inherited metabolic diseases associated with neurodegeneration are poorly studied. The objective was to study retinal thickness, specifically the components of the ganglion cell complex (GCC)-nerve fiber layer (NFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), and inner plexiform layer (IPL)-using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in two different diseases with potential dopaminergic depletion, phenylketonuria (PKU) and Gaucher disease type 3 (GD3).

Methods: Retinal layers in 19 patients with PKU, 15 patients with GD3, and 93 healthy individuals were measured using peripapillary ring scan and macular SD-OCT.

Meta-analysis of ocular axial length in newborns and infants up to 3 years of age.

In pediatric ophthalmology it is often necessary to obtain axial length in young children. For children older than 3 years, noncontact biometry can be used. For younger children this is usually not an option, and the clinician needs to rely on other imaging modalities.

Publication trends in clinical ophthalmology journals in the last decade.

Purpose: To examine the absolute number and the proportions of articles published in general high-ranked ophthalmology journals for each ophthalmic subspecialty during the last decade, and to examine the publishing trends over the study period.

Methods: All original articles published between January 2010 and December 2019 in the selected general clinical ophthalmic journals were included in the study. All abstracts of original articles were reviewed and deemed to be related to 1 of the 11 ophthalmic subspecialties.

Vertical saccadic palsy and foveal retinal thinning in Niemann-Pick disease type C.

Introduction: Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) is a lysosomal storage disease that is progressive and life-limiting, with an estimated incidence of 1:120,000 live births. In addition to systemic manifestation with (hepato-)splenomegaly, there are a number of neurological manifestations (ataxia, dysarthria, dementia, cataplexy, epileptic seizures, and psychiatric disorders). Characteristic is vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, which is often overlooked.

Recurrent contracted sockets treated with personalized, three-dimensionally printed conformers and buccal grafts.

Purpose: Recurrent contracted sockets are complex situations where previous surgeries have failed, disabling the wear of an ocular prosthesis. A combined method of surgery and long-term fixation using custom-made, three-dimensional (3D) printed conformers is evaluated.

Methods: Retrospective case series of nine patients with recurrent excessive socket contraction and inability to wear a prosthesis, caused by chemical burns ( = 3), fireworks ( = 3), trauma ( = 2) and enucleation and radiotherapy at childhood due to optic nerve glioma ( = 1) with three average previous socket surgeries (range 2-6).

A systematic review of the surgical anatomy of the orbital apex.

Purpose: The orbital apex is the narrowest part of the orbit, housing the link between the intracranial cavity and orbit. Knowledge of orbital apex anatomy is crucial to selecting a surgical approach and reducing the risk of complications. Our purpose is to summarize current knowledge on surgical anatomy and attempt to reach a consensus on definition of the orbital apex.

Visual outcomes endorse surgery of patients with spheno-orbital meningioma with minimal visual impairment or hyperostosis.

Abtract: BACKGROUND: Most spheno-orbital meningioma series span multiple decades, and predictors of visual outcomes have not yet been systemically assessed. We describe visual outcomes in a recent cohort and assess predictors of postoperative visual outcomes.

Methods: Consecutive case series operated by a team of a neurosurgeon and orbital surgeon between May 2015 and January 2019.

Antithyroid drugs in Graves' hyperthyroidism: differences between "block and replace" and "titration" regimes in frequency of euthyroidism and Graves' orbitopathy during treatment.

Purpose: Whereas antithyroid drugs (ATD) are the preferred treatment modality for Graves' hyperthyroidism (GH), there is still controversy about the optimal regimen for delivering ATD. To evaluate whether 'Block and Replace' (B + R) and 'Titration' (T) regimes are equivalent in terms of frequency of euthyroidism and Graves' Orbitopathy (GO) during ATD therapy.

Methods: A prospective multicentre observational cohort study of 344 patients with GH but no GO at baseline.