26,388 results match your criteria: "Orbit Anatomy"
JCI Insight
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Despite recent advances in the treatment of thyroid eye disease thyroid-related eye disease (TED), marked gaps remain in our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, particularly concerning the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) pathway. To dissect the pathophysiology of TED, we used single-nucleus RNA-Seq to analyze orbital fat specimens from both patients with TED and matched individuals acting as controls. The analysis demonstrated a marked increase in the proportion of fibroblasts transitioning to adipogenesis in the orbital fat of patients with TED compared with that in control patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOphthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg
December 2024
Department of Oculoplastic, Orbital and Lacrimal Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital.
Purpose: To examine the anatomy of the orbital septum posterior to the medial canthal tendon area.
Materials And Methods: We performed 3 anatomical dissections in the present study. The first one was a microscopic study in which exenterated specimens from 6 Japanese cadavers (age from 77 to 93 years at death) were cut inferno-horizontally, including the Müller muscle, medial rectus pulley, and lateral rectus pulley, and stained with Masson's trichrome.
Plast Reconstr Surg
January 2025
From the Divisions of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Oral Surgery.
Background: Frontoorbital distraction osteogenesis (FODO) is an established surgical technique for patients with unicoronal craniosynostosis. The authors' institution has used an endoscope-assisted technique (endo-FODO) in recent years to decrease cutaneous scarring and lessen the impact on the functional growth matrix. This study compared perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing endo-FODO to those in patients undergoing the traditional coronal approach.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Open Ophthalmol
December 2024
Diabetes Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari , Iran.
Objective: This prospective case-control study examined the novel immunoinflammatory markers obtained from blood counts of patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO), Graves' disease (GD) and healthy subjects.
Methods: Demographic data, white cell count parameters, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR), red cell distribution width (RDW), RDW-to-platelet ratio (RDW/PLT), MPV-to-lymphocyte ratio (MPV/ALC), eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ELR) and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) were evaluated. The European Group on Graves Orbitopathy scale and Clinical Activity Score were used for clinical activity and severity assessment.
PLoS One
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), an autoimmune disorder of the retrobulbar tissue, is present in up to 50 percent of Graves's hyperthyroidism patients. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) has received attention as a target for the development of therapeutic agent for TAO. IGF-1R and TSHR (thyroid stimulating hormone receptor) interact with each other to form a physical or functional complex, further promoting the development of TAO.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt Ophthalmol
December 2024
Department of Radiology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xinhua Road 82, Tong Zhou District, Beijing, 101199, China.
Absract: PURPOSE: To investigate the signal intensity ratio (SIR) of orbital tissue to white matter in orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessing graves' orbitopathy (GO).
Methods: This study enrolled a total of 42 patients (79 eyes) with GO as the GO group, 10 patients (20 eyes) diagnosed with graves' disease (GD) without orbitopathy during the same period as the GD group, and 23 normal individuals with negative MRI results and no thyroid or eye diseases as the healthy control (HC) group. The signal intensity of the lacrimal gland (LG), extraocular muscle (EOM), ipsilateral temporal muscle (TM), ramus mandibulae, and white matter (WM) on MRI images was measured.
PLoS One
December 2024
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
In recent decades, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has garnered significant attention due to its rapid global prevalence. The cholinergic hypothesis posits that the degradation of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) contributes to AD development. Despite existing anti-AChE drugs, their adverse side effects necessitate new agents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
November 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.
Reconstructing the orbit following complex craniofacial fractures presents significant challenges. Throughout the years, several materials have been used for orbital reconstruction, taking into account factors such as their durability, compatibility with living tissue, cost efficiency, safety, and capacity to be adjusted during surgery. Nevertheless, a consensus has not yet been reached on the optimal material for orbital restoration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed J Islam Repub Iran
July 2024
Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt.
Background: The anatomy of the eyelid changes with age. Multiple changes were observed in the eyelids and the surrounding structures including the malar region. Aging affects the appearance of eyelids and midface by the formation of tear trough deformity and malar flattening and ptosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Neurochir (Wien)
December 2024
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Background: Endoscopic transorbital approach (eTOA) has been recently proposed as an alternative skull base approach. However, its feasibility for deeper lesions can be hampered by a reduced surgical maneuverability. Aim of this study is to consider how its extension through orbital rim resection can overcome this limitation, and to compare two different techniques for its removal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSurg Radiol Anat
December 2024
Department of Radiology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 2-1-50 Minamikoshigaya, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama, 343-8555, Japan.
Purpose: Ophthalmic artery (OphA) embryogenesis is a complex process with various origins. We describe herein a case in which the OphA stemmed from the persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA), which has never been reported.
Methods: A man in his 70s was admitted to our hospital following the sudden onset of altered consciousness.
Int Ophthalmol
December 2024
Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department of Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Objective: To compare the results of one-step surgery (OSS) and two-step surgery (TSS) in the surgical management of eyelid basal cell carcinomas (BCC).
Method: A total of 43 eyes of 43 patients were included. OSS was applied to 22 of these patients, while TSS was applied to 21 patients.
BMJ Case Rep
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Strabismus and Neuro-ophthalmology, LV Prasad Eye Institute Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
A young adult female in her 20s presented with gradually progressive exodeviation of the left eyeball from the last 3 years. She had mild ptosis and proptosis in her left eye with 3 mm of anisocoria. On examination, she was found to have 60 prism dioptres exotropia with minimal motility limitation (-1 adduction, elevation and depression) in the left eye.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Drug Alcohol Abuse
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Cortical differences in thickness, folding, and complexity may reflect synaptic pruning and myelination alterations. Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) may demonstrate differences in these cortical metrics due to neurodevelopmental aberrations or early opioid exposure. We compared the cortical metrics between individuals with OUD and controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOphthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology.
Dermoid cysts of cutaneous origin are common orbital lesions, whereas dermoid cysts of conjunctival origin are rare. The authors present a case of a dermoid cyst of conjunctival origin that was attached to the tarsus in a pediatric patient. A 2-year-old boy presented to the clinic with an approximately 2 cm in diameter mobile nodule in the upper eyelid on the temporal side that distorted the eyelid architecture with temporal ptosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Med
January 2025
Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
The cohesin complex is a critical regulator of gene expression. STAG2 is the most frequently mutated cohesin subunit across several cancer types and is a key tumor suppressor in lung cancer. Here, we coupled somatic CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing and tumor barcoding with an autochthonous oncogenic KRAS-driven lung cancer model and showed that STAG2 is uniquely tumor-suppressive among all core and auxiliary cohesin components.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCase Rep Otolaryngol
November 2024
Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
The following case potentially provides insight into the mechanisms of lymphogenic metastasis in sinonasal cancer. A 63-year-old patient who presented with progressive diplopia and left-sided periocular pain was diagnosed with a cT4bN0M0 mucosal melanoma of the ethmoid sinus. She underwent a combined endonasal and transcranial tumor resection, and an orbital exenteration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFmedRxiv
November 2024
School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA.
Purpose: We sought to determine the prevalence of strabismus and the esotropia/exotropia ratio in Down syndrome. Wide ranges of an increased strabismus prevalence have been reported and it is unclear by how much esotropia exceeds exotropia in people with Down syndrome.
Methods: We compiled in a systematic review and meta-analysis the results of over 100 studies that report the strabismus prevalence and ratio of esotropia/exotropia in cohorts of Down syndrome.
A morphologically distinct new species of Huananpotamon Dai & Ng, 1994, is described from Yugan County, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province, China. The new species, H. amicitiae sp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZootaxa
June 2024
National Museum of Natural History; Department of Paleobiology; Smithsonian Institution; Washington; D.C. 20560-0160; U.S.A..
The fossil puffer fish genus †Archaeotetraodon Tyler & Bannikov, 1994 is unique among the Tetraodontidae in having the upright central spinule of the dermal scale plates bifid rather than singular and undivided. Six species of this genus have previously been described variously from the Oligocene and Miocene of Russia, Italy, Algeria, and Ukraine. Described herein is a seventh species of this genus, †Archaeotetraodon bemisae sp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe present paper reviews the Heteroclinus heptaeolus complex known only from temperate regions of Australia. Five species are recognised, with three of the species described as new, H. colemani, a deep bodied species often found around red algae, H.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA new species of mangrove sesarmid crab, Nanosesarma gomantaka n. sp. is described on the basis of specimens collected from Chapora Estuary in Goa State, India.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program
December 2024
Division of Hematology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and Division of Hematology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated disease with many important manifestations in hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue. IgG4 is the least naturally abundant IgG subclass, and the hallmark feature of IgG4-RD is markedly increased IgG4-positive plasma cells (with an IgG4 to IgG ratio >40%) in affected tissue, along with elevated polyclonal serum IgG and IgG4 in most patients. Histological diagnosis is essential, and other key features include storiform fibrosis, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, tissue eosinophilia, and obliterative phlebitis.
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