Proteomics approach for biomarkers and diagnosis of periodontitis: systematic review.

Quantitative proteomic workflow based on mass spectrometry (MS) is recently developed by the researchers to screen for biomarkers in periodontal diseases comprising periodontitis. Periodontitis is known for chronic inflammatory disease characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus, yet has a lack of clear pathobiology based on a discrepancy between specified categories and diagnostic vagueness. The objective of this review was to outlined the accessible information related to proteomics studies on periodontitis.

Effect of tooth-brushing with a microcurrent on dentinal tubule occlusion.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether tooth-brushing with a microcurrent was effective in inducing dentinal tubule occlusion. The specific aims of the study were (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of tooth-brushing with a microcurrent on dentinal tubule occlusion by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); and (2) to compare the dentinal fluid flow rate after tooth-brushing with a microcurrent by using a sub-nanoliter-scaled fluid flow measuring device (NFMD). All experimental groups showed partially occluded dentinal tubules and crystal-like structures at a specific microcurrent intensity indicated that tooth-brushing with a microcurrent could efficiently occlude dentinal tubules.

Effects of anti-resorptive drugs on implant survival and peri-implantitis in patients with existing osseointegrated dental implants: a retrospective cohort study.

Unlabelled: The effect of anti-resorptive drug (ARD) usage among patients with successful dental implant osseointegration is controversial. This study showed an increased risk of implant failure in ARD users. Risk factors included pre-existing marginal bone loss, overdenture, diabetes, and a short interval between implant placement and ARD administration.

The Application of "Bone Window" Technique in Endodontic Microsurgery.

Endodontic microsurgery for a tooth with a large periapical lesion and an intact cortical plate may necessitate the removal of extra bone and cause delayed or unfavorable healing. In such cases, the "bone window" technique offers excellent exposure to the operative field and preserves cortical bone without placing any additional graft material. In the reported cases, root-end surgery was performed on the maxillary and mandibular molars with a large periapical lesion.

Salivary nitric oxide, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, and salivary flow rate in smokers and non-smokers: a cross-sectional study.

Salivary nitric oxide plays an important role as an antibacterial agent in the oral cavity. Here, we analyze salivary nitric oxide, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) scores and the salivary flow rate in smokers and non-smokers which has not been done previously. A cross sectional study included 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers.

Effect of Low-Concentration Hydrofluoric Acid Etching on Shear Bond Strength and Biaxial Flexural Strength after Thermocycling.

This study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) and biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of resin cements according to the surface treatment method using low-temperature hot etching with hydrofluoric acid (HF) on a yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) surface; 96 discs and 72 cubes for BFS and SBS tests for Y-TZP were randomly divided into four groups of BFS and three groups of SBS. Specimens were subjected to the following surface treatments: (1) no treatment (C), (2) air abrasion with 50 μm AlO particles (A), (3) hot etching with HF at 100 °C for 10 min (E), and (4) air abrasion + hot etching (AE). After treatments, the specimens were coated with primer, and resin cement was applied with molds.

Factors Affecting Total Treatment Time in Patients Treated with Orthognathic Surgery Using the Surgery-First Approach: Multivariable Analysis Using 3D CT and Scanned Dental Casts.

The aim of this study was to analyze factors affecting treatment times in patients treated with the surgery-first approach (SFA) for orthognathic surgery. Fifty skeletal class III patients who had undergone SFA bimaxillary orthognathic surgery were enrolled. Retrospective chart reviews and analysis of 3D CT and digitally scanned casts were conducted to assess the total treatment time.

Clinical Outcomes after Apical Surgery on the Palatal Root of the Maxillary First Molar Using a Palatal Approach.

Introduction: Clinicians are often reluctant to use the palatal approach in apical surgery for the maxillary first molar. This study aimed to investigate the outcomes and complications associated with apical surgery on the palatal root of the maxillary first molar by using a palatal approach.

Methods: We searched for patients who underwent apical surgery with a palatal approach on the palatal root of the maxillary first molar between March 2010 and September 2017 by a single operator.

Stress Analyses of Retrograde Cavity Preparation Designs for Surgical Endodontics in the Mesial Root of the Mandibular Molar: A Finite Element Analysis-Part II.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of apical filling material and the modification made to the apical preparation design in surgical endodontics on the areas of stress concentration in the mesial root of a mandibular molar using finite element analysis.

Methods: The filling material was injected under 2 conditions (ie, with or without mineral trioxide aggregate retrograde filling). The apical preparation design was modified by extending the preparation mesially while maintaining a similar prepared area.

Transcriptional Expression in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Subjected to Orthodontic Force: An RNA-Sequencing Study.

This study was performed to investigate the changes in gene expression in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells following mechanical stimulus through RNA sequencing. In this study, premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment were used. To stimulate the PDL cells, an orthodontic force of 100 was applied to the premolar (experimental group; = 11), whereas the tooth on the other side was left untreated (control group; = 11).

Dentists' clinical decision-making about teeth with apical periodontitis using a variable-controlled survey model in South Korea.

Background: This study, by using a variable-controlled survey model, sought to compare clinical decisions made by dentists with different clinical backgrounds in South Korea regarding teeth with apical periodontitis and to identify factors that influenced decision-making.

Methods: A questionnaire with 36 questions about identical patient information, clinical signs, and symptoms was filled out by participants. Each question referred to a radiograph that had been manipulated using computer software in order to control tooth-related factors.

Topographic Analysis of the Isthmus in Mesiobuccal and Mesial Roots of First Molars in a South Korean Population.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and microscopic anatomy of the isthmus to provide more precise anatomical information about the mesiobuccal (MB) roots of the maxillary first molars and the mesial (M) roots of the mandibular first molars. Twenty-eight maxillary and 31 mandibular first molars were embedded, sectioned, stained, and observed at 30× magnification to evaluate the incidence and microscopic anatomy of the isthmus. The incidence of an isthmus 3 mm from the apex was 89.

Incorporation of zwitterionic materials into light-curable fluoride varnish for biofilm inhibition and caries prevention.

We incorporated zwitterionic materials into light-curable fluoride varnish (LCFV) in order to inhibit biofilm accumulation and prevent dental caries, and the properties of LCFV with three different zwitterionic materials, namely, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA), and sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) polymers (each at a weight percentage of 3%), were compared; unmodified LCFV without any zwitterionic material was used as a control. Material properties including film thickness and degree of conversion (DC) of each type of LCFV were evaluated. In addition, protein-repellent effects and inhibitory effects on Streptococcus mutans adhesion and saliva-derived biofilm accumulation of LCFV were estimated.

Evaluation of the Apical Complex and the Coronal Pulp as a Stem Cell Source for Dentin-pulp Regeneration.

Introduction: This study compared the stemness and differentiation potential of stem cells derived from the apical complex (apical complex cells [ACCs]) and coronal pulp (dental pulp stem cells [DPSCs]) of human immature permanent teeth with the aim of determining a more suitable source of stem cells for regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex.

Methods: ACC and DPSC cultures were established from 13 human immature permanent teeth using the outgrowth method. The proliferation capacity and colony-forming ability of ACCs and DPSCs were evaluated.

Volume of Voids in Retrograde Filling: Comparison between Calcium Silicate Cement Alone and Combined with a Calcium Silicate-based Sealer.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the volume of voids between retrograde filling using calcium silicate cement alone and retrograde filling using a combination of calcium silicate cement with a calcium silicate-based sealer.

Methods: Twenty single-rooted, extracted human teeth were instrumented with nickel-titanium files and obturated with gutta-percha. We resected the roots at a point 3 mm from the apex, prepared the root ends, and filled the root-end cavities with Endocem Zr (Maruchi, Wonju, Korea) or Endoseal MTA (Maruchi) plus Endocem Zr.

How the diversity of the faces arises.

Background: The evolution of the face is crucial for each species to adapt to different diets, environments, and in some species, to promote social interaction. The diversity in the shapes of the face results from divergence in the process of facial development that begins during early embryonic development.

Highlights: Here we review the recent advancements in the understanding of the genetic, epigenetic, molecular, and cellular basis of facial diversity.

Sox2 maintains epithelial cell proliferation in the successional dental lamina.

Objectives: The successional dental lamina is the distinctive structure on the lingual side of the vertebrate tooth germ. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among Sox2, Claudin10 and laminin5 and the role of Sox2 in successional dental lamina proliferation during vertebrate tooth development.

Materials And Methods: To understand the successional dental lamina, two types of successional tooth formation, that in geckos (with multiple rounds of tooth generation) and that in mice (with only one round of tooth generation), were analysed.

Transmission and regulation of biochemical stimulus via a nanoshell directly adsorbed on the cell membrane to enhance chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell.

A nanoscale artificial extracellular matrix (nanoshell) formed by layer-by-layer adsorption can enhance and modulate the function of stem cells by transferring biochemical stimulus to the cell directly. Here, the nanoshell composed of fibronectin (FN) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) is demonstrated to promote chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The multilayer structure of nanoshell is formed by repeating self-assembly of FN and CS, and its thickness can be controlled through the number of layers.

A new minimally invasive guided endodontic microsurgery by cone beam computed tomography and 3-dimensional printing technology.

Endodontic microsurgery is defined as the treatment performed on the root apices of an infected tooth, which was unresolved with conventional root canal therapy. Recently, the advanced technology in 3-dimensional model reconstruction based on computed tomography such as cone beam computed tomography has opened a new avenue in application of personalized, accurate diagnosis and has been increasingly used in the field of dentistry. Nevertheless, direct intra-oral localization of root apex based on the 3-dimensional information is extremely difficult and significant amount of bone removal is inevitable when freehand surgical procedure was employed.

Cis-control of Six1 expression in neural crest cells during craniofacial development.

Background: Six1 is a transcriptional factor that plays an important role in embryonic development. Mouse and chick embryos deficient for Six1 have multiple craniofacial anomalies in the facial bones and cartilages. Multiple Six1 enhancers have been identified, but none of them has been reported to be active in the maxillary and mandibular process.

The 5-Year Survival Rate of Nonsurgical Endodontic Treatment: A Population-based Cohort Study in Korea.

Introduction: The purpose of the current population-based study was to analyze the 5-year survival rate of teeth that received nonsurgical endodontic treatment. Specifically, the variables affecting the 5-year survival rates of endodontically treated teeth were analyzed.

Methods: The present study included all endodontically treated teeth reported in 2010 in the National Health Insurance Cohort database of the Republic of Korea.

Treatment of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Around the Dental Implant With a Once-Weekly Teriparatide: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Managing medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) around a dental implant can be difficult. Although conservative treatment of MRONJ is recommended as the first-line form of management, many patients exhibit no improvement. The human recombinant parathyroid hormone teriparatide has recently been introduced for the management of MRONJ.

Differential Protein Expression in Human Dental Pulp: Comparison of Healthy, Inflamed, and Traumatic Pulp.

Trauma or injury to the dental pulp causes inflammation. This study compared the proteome of healthy pulp with inflamed pulp and traumatic pulp to identify the differentially expressed proteins in the diseased state. Five participants were grouped based on the pulpal status of the teeth: healthy, inflamed, or traumatic pulp.

Decellularized human periodontal ligament for periodontium regeneration.

Regenerating the periodontal ligament (PDL) is a crucial factor for periodontal tissue regeneration in the presence of traumatized and periodontally damaged teeth. Various methods have been applied for periodontal regeneration, including tissue substitutes, bioactive materials, and synthetic scaffolds. However, all of these treatments have had limited success in structural and functional periodontal tissue regeneration.

Role of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 in the trigeminal ganglion and brain stem following dental pulp inflammation.

Aim: To verify whether experimentally induced pulpitis activates the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) and c-Fos, both peripherally and centrally.

Methodology: Acute pulpitis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats via pulp exposure and application of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA; n = 13). Saline-treated (n = 13) rats and rats that did not undergo tooth preparation (n = 13) served as control groups.