Health status and morphometrics of Galápagos magnificent frigatebirds () determined by hematology, biochemistry, blood gas, and physical examination.

The magnificent frigatebird ( MFB) is a widely distributed seabird. It has breeding areas in the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean (extending along Central America up to Baja California) (Schreiber & Burger, 2001). The (MFB-Gal) subspecies is native to the Galápagos Islands.

Retrospective evaluation of shock index and mortality in dogs with head trauma (2015-2020): 86 cases.

Objective: To assess the relationship between shock index (SI) and mortality in dogs with head trauma (HT). A secondary objective was to compare SI with the animal trauma triage (ATT) score and Modified Glasgow Coma Scale (MCGS) score in HT cases. A tertiary aim was to assess if SI is predictive of survival to discharge or improvement in presenting neurologic signs.

Stem cells and platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of naturally occurring equine tendon and ligament injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stromal or stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated as treatments for equine tendon and ligament injuries, but little consensus exists on the efficacy of these treatments. The study sought to evaluate the efficacy of PRP and MSC treatments by systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: A systematic review was performed using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines.

Echocardiographic and pathologic identification of an aorto-left atrial fistula secondary to infective endocarditis in a canine patient.

A dog was presented for lameness, fever, and extreme lethargy. On physical exam, a new heart murmur, arrhythmia, and joint effusion were detected. These findings were not detected two months prior.

COMPARING THE EFFECTS OF LITHIUM HEPARIN AND DIPOTASSIUM ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID ON HEMATOLOGIC VALUES IN PRAIRIE RATTLESNAKES () AND LAKE ERIE WATER SNAKES ().

Anticoagulants prevent clotting of blood samples and preserve cellular morphology for hematologic evaluations, but studies comparing anticoagulants are limited in snakes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of lithium heparin (LH) and dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on hematologic values in prairie rattlesnakes (PR; , n = 16) and Lake Erie water snakes (LEWS; , n = 21). Venipuncture was performed and blood samples were immediately aliquoted into LH and EDTA microtainers.

A prospective cohort study to identify clinical diagnostic and prognostic markers of primary immune thrombocytopenia in dogs.

Background: Primary immune thrombocytopenia (pITP) in dogs presents a diagnostic challenge, and clinical markers of severity are lacking.

Objectives: Identify clinicopathologic features that differentiate pITP from secondary ITP (sITP) and markers related to bleeding severity, transfusion, and survival of dogs with pITP.

Animals: Ninety-eight thrombocytopenic dogs (58 pITP and 40 sITP).

Independent Variants in Cats with Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa.

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB), characterized by defective adhesion of the epidermis to the dermis, is a heterogeneous disease with many subtypes in human patients and domestic animals. We investigated two unrelated cats with recurring erosions and ulcers on ear pinnae, oral mucosa, and paw pads that were suggestive of EB. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of EB in both cats.

Acquired infundibular pulmonary stenosis associated with a congenital membranous ventricular septal defect (Gasul phenomenon) in a dog and discussion regarding causes of infundibular stenosis.

An aclinical Havanese dog was diagnosed with a membranous restrictive ventricular septal defect. The patient was represented later in their natural history due to the development of syncope. At that time the patient was diagnosed with acquired pulmonary infundibular stenosis.

The use of intralipid emulsion therapy to treat status epilepticus in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) secondary to severe ivermectin toxicity.

Objective: To describe the successful management of ivermectin-induced status epilepticus in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) with intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy.

Case Summary: A 5-week-old, female intact guinea pig was presented to an emergency hospital for status epilepticus 24 hours after oral administration of ivermectin. Approximately 48 hours after exposure, ILE therapy was administered.

A multicenter prospective evaluation of owner medication adherence for feline cardiovascular disease in the referral setting.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to evaluate owners' chronic medication adherence for management of feline cardiovascular disease in the small animal referral setting.

Animals, Materials And Methods: A questionnaire-based study of owners at five multispecialty, small animal referral centers was conducted. Owners completed a written survey evaluating demographics, degree of medication adherence, and difficulties encountered for medication adherence.

Retrospective evaluation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 68 dogs.

Background: There is a lack of clinical data on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in dogs.

Hypothesis/objectives: To investigate signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic findings, and survival in dogs with HCM.

Animals: Sixty-eight client-owned dogs.

Bacterial culture and immunohistochemical detection of bacteria and endotoxin in cats with suppurative cholangitis-cholangiohepatitis syndrome.

Objective: To characterize the frequency and type of bacterial infection by culture- and immunohistochemical (IHC)-based methods and determine the impact of infection on clinical features and survival time in cats with suppurative cholangitis-cholangiohepatitis syndrome (S-CCHS).

Animals: 168 client-owned cats with S-CCHS (cases).

Procedures: Clinical features, bacterial culture results, culture-inoculate sources, and survival details were recorded.

Long-term relief of obstruction in a dog with double-chambered right ventricle using combined cutting balloon and high-pressure balloon dilation.

A 4-month-old intact female Golden Retriever dog was diagnosed with double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV) without infundibular stenosis, tricuspid valve dysplasia, and subsequent severe right atrial enlargement and was referred for combined cutting balloon and high-pressure balloon dilation. On presentation, these diagnoses were confirmed, and the peak systolic pressure gradient across the DCRV obstructive lesion assessed by continuous wave Doppler interrogation was 80 mm Hg. The obstructive lesion within the mid-right ventricle had a diameter of 6 mm through which blood flowed from the proximal right ventricular (RV) chamber to the distal RV chamber.

Muscle tremors observed in white rhinoceroses immobilised with either etorphine-azaperone or etorphine-midazolam: An initial study.

Etorphine-azaperone is the most commonly used drug combination for chemical immobilisation of free-ranging white rhinoceroses, but causes several profound physiological disturbances, including muscle tremors. The addition of benzodiazepine sedatives, such as midazolam, has been proposed to reduce the muscular rigidity and tremors in immobilised rhinoceroses. Twenty-three free-ranging, sub-adult white rhinoceros bulls were darted and captured using a combination of etorphine plus either azaperone or midazolam.

Acute liver lobe torsion in a kitten.

Case Summary: A 10-week-old intact male domestic shorthair kitten presented for an acute onset of lethargy, vomiting and anorexia. An abdominal mass effect was palpable on presentation. Blood work, abdominal radiographs and point-of-care abdominal ultrasound showed severe anemia, decreased serosal detail and abdominal effusion, respectively.

Senior Pet Nutrition and Management.

Senior dogs and cats commonly present to veterinary clinics for wellness examinations and for illness. Nutritional needs change in healthy elder pets compared with the young adult life stage. Veterinary health care teams must provide nutritional assessments and individual recommendations, recognizing there is no defined nutrient profile for seniors.

Gastric Physaloptera Infection in 27 Dogs (1997-2019).

Infection with the stomach worm Physaloptera spp. in dogs can cause chronic vomiting, although the diagnosis is often difficult owing to a low worm burden, single-sex infections, a failure to produce ova, or ova that are of greater density than solutions routinely used for qualitative fecal flotation. A retrospective evaluation was performed of 27 dogs that had gastric Physaloptera spp.

Imperforate cor triatriatum dexter with patent foramen ovale and pulmonic stenosis in three dogs: Diagnostic findings and attempted surgical correction.

Three canines were identified with aberrant drainage of the caudal vena cava to the left atrium, consistent with imperforate cor triatriatum dexter, and concurrent patent foramen ovale. All three had concurrent significant pulmonic stenosis with varying degrees of hypoplasia of the right ventricular outflow tract. Echocardiography, positive contrast studies, and angiography confirmed the diagnosis.

Shock index is associated with mortality in canine vehicular trauma patients.

Objective: To calculate and compare shock index (SI) in healthy dogs and vehicular trauma dogs (VT), determine the prognostic value of SI in VT dogs, and to assess the correlation between SI and the animal trauma triage score, modified Glasgow Coma Scale score, and lactate in VT dogs.

Design: Retrospective study from April 2016 to February 2018.

Setting: Twenty-four-hour tertiary referral level II trauma center.

2018 AAHA Infection Control, Prevention, and Biosecurity Guidelines.

A veterinary team's best work can be undone by a breach in infection control, prevention, and biosecurity (ICPB). Such a breach, in the practice or home-care setting, can lead to medical, social, and financial impacts on patients, clients, and staff, as well as damage the reputation of the hospital. To mitigate these negative outcomes, the AAHA ICPB Guidelines Task Force believes that hospital teams should improve upon their current efforts by limiting pathogen exposure from entering or being transmitted throughout the hospital population and using surveillance methods to detect any new entry of a pathogen into the practice.

Pathophysiology and aetiology of hypoglycaemic crises.

Hypoglycaemia is a common, life-threatening complication that occurs as a component of a wide variety of disease processes. Despite its frequent occurrence, information concerning the aetiology, characteristics and outcomes of hypoglycaemic crises in veterinary medicine is limited. This review summarises the current understanding of the pathophysiology of hypoglycaemia, the body's counter-regulatory response, underlying aetiologies, diagnosis and treatment.

A prospective evaluation of oral Yunnan Baiyao therapy on thromboleastographic parameters in apparently healthy dogs.

Objective: To determine the effect of Yunnan Baiyao (YB) on hemostatic parameters measured by thromboelastography (TEG) in healthy dogs administered 1 capsule of YB orally twice daily for 1 week.

Design: Prospective study of client-owned dogs at a small animal specialty hospital.

Setting: Private referral center.

Successful balloon angioplasty of pulmonary artery stenosis in two cats and associated complications.

Two cats (2.5 months and 8 months old) were each evaluated due to a loud systolic murmur, and each was diagnosed with severe pulmonary artery stenosis at the bifurcation of the main pulmonary artery. Echocardiograms confirmed significant right atrial dilation and right ventricular dilation and/or hypertrophy that was progressive in one cat.