Estimating the pre- and post-diagnosis costs of tuberculosis for adults in Pakistan: household economic impact and costs mitigating strategies.

Background: Despite free tuberculosis (TB) care in Pakistan, patients still have to bear high costs, which push them into poverty. This study estimated the pre- and post-diagnosis costs households bear for TB care, and investigated coping mechanisms among adults ≥ 18 years in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study comprising of 516 TB patients identified with completion of at least one month intensive treatment from four public sector health facilities from two institutes in Karachi, Pakistan.

COVID-19 seroprevalence in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study adapted WHO's Unity Study' protocol to estimate the population prevalence of antibodies to SARS CoV-2 and risk factors for developing SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Design: This population-based, age-stratified cross-sectional study was conducted at the level of households (HH).

Participants: All ages and genders were eligible for the study (exclusion criteria: contraindications to venipuncture- however, no such case was encountered).

Post Discharge mHealth and Teach-Back Communication Effectiveness on Hospital Readmissions: A Systematic Review.

Hospital readmissions pose a threat to the constrained health resources, especially in resource-poor low-and middle-income countries. In such scenarios, appropriate technologies to reduce avoidable readmissions in hospitals require innovative interventions. mHealth and teach-back communication are robust interventions, utilized for the reduction in preventable hospital readmissions.

Accuracy of Community Informant Led Detection of Maternal Depression in Rural Pakistan.

Maternal depression is a global mental health and a public health priority. Despite the priority its active detection is still a challenge. We tested the accuracy of an adapted version of Community Informant Detection Tool for Maternal Depression (CIDT-MD) in rural settings of Pakistan.