Therapeutic Strategies for Retinal Artery Occlusion-A Literature Review.

Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is an emergency condition causing acute retinal ischemia and is considered an equivalent of ischemic stroke. The occurrence of an episode of RAO is associated with significant impairment of visual functions and correlates with an increased risk of future vascular events. Although RAO requires immediate diagnosis and treatment, there are currently no clear guidelines specifying optimal management.

The Impact of a Single Haemodialysis Session on the Retinal Thickness and Optic Nerve Morphology.

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of a single haemodialysis (HD) session on the retinal and optic nerve morphology in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients.

Methods: It is a prospective study including only the right eye of 35 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients subjected to HD. Each patient underwent a full eye examination 30 min before HD (8 a.

The Haemodialysis Session Effect on the Choroidal Thickness and Retinal and Choroidal Microcirculation-A Literature Review.

Haemodialysis (HD) is currently the most commonly used method of renal replacement therapy. The process of dialysis involves numerous changes that affect many systems, including the eye. The changes occurring in the course of HD may affect the ocular parameters, such as intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, retinal thickness, retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, and choroidal thickness (CT).

Long-term mortality after retinal artery occlusion - a single centre study.

Introduction And Objective: Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is an ophthalmic and systemic emergency requiring urgent diagnosis and treatment. Data regarding mortality in this group, especially in the European population, are modest. The aim of this study is to assess all-cause mortality in post-RAO patients.

Retinal Artery Occlusion and Its Impact on the Incidence of Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, and All-Cause Mortality during 12-Year Follow-Up.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality in patients with retinal artery occlusion (RAO). This single-center retrospective study included 139 patients diagnosed with RAO between 2009 and 2020. The control group included 139 age- and sex-matched patients without RAO who underwent cataract surgery.

Susac's syndrome - the crucial role of imaging tests for proper diagnosis.

Introduction: Susac's syndrome (SS) is a rare, autoimmune-mediated endoteliopathy characterized by a clinical triad of encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusion, and sensorineural hearing loss. SS is also characterized by a neuroimaging triad consisting of white matter lesions, grey matter lesions, and leptomeningeal enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Considering the rarity of SS, as well as certain similarity to other, more frequent neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), this syndrome is sometimes incorrectly diagnosed and treated.

Manifestation of Susac syndrome during interferon beta-1a and glatiramer acetate treatment for misdiagnosed multiple sclerosis: a case report.

Background: Susac syndrome (SS) is characterized by the triad of encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusion, and sensorineural hearing loss. However, the diagnosis of SS remains difficult because the clinical triad rarely occurs at disease onset, and symptom severity varies. SS symptoms often suggest other diseases, in particular multiple sclerosis (MS), which is more common.

Central and Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion-Do They Harbor the Same Risk of Further Ischemic Events?

Purpose: Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events such as ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction, but whether different RAO subtypes such as central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) or branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) carry similar risk of these events is unclear. Our aim was to determine whether the risk of cardiovascular events differs between CRAO and BRAO.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included 131 patients hospitalized in our clinic in 2010-2020 with CRAO or BRAO confirmed by ophthalmic examination.

Comparison of 532 nm Micropulse Green Laser versus Continuous-Wave 532 nm Green Laser in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: Long-Term Follow-Up.

The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of micropulse laser treatment (MLT) compared with the continuous-wave laser (CL) in treating eyes with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) in a 12-month follow-up study. : A retrospective observational study included 51 eyes with chronic CSC; 35 eyes were treated with MLT (Group A), and 16 eyes were treated with CL (Group B). We analyzed the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and retinal microstructural changes in spectral optical coherence tomography before the treatment, one and twelve months after the laser procedure.