Evaluation of a next generation sequencing assay for Hepatitis B antiviral drug resistance on the oxford nanopore system.

Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) antiviral resistance (AVR) testing is a highly sensitive diagnostic method, able to detect low-level mutant subpopulations. Our clinical virology laboratory previously transitioned from DNA hybridization (INNO-LiPA) to NGS, initially with the GS Junior System and subsequently the MiSeq. The Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) sequencing system was evaluated for HBV resistance testing, with regards to sequencing accuracy and turn-around time.

Near complete genome assembly of Yadong trout (Salmo trutta).

The Yadong trout (Salmo trutta), a species endemic to the Yatung River in Tibet, China, was classified as a second-class protected species in the 20th century. Now, it is considered one of the most important fishery resources in China. In this study, we assembled a near-complete genome of the S.

[Urology : what's new in 2024].

In 2024, urology continues to evolve with remarkable innovations. The Da Vinci SP surgical robot simplifies procedures by reducing surgical trauma and accelerating patient recovery. Regarding oncological conditions, new therapies have significantly improved the management of urological cancers, leading to increased survival rates.

[Teratovigilance. Antiepileptics during pregnancy and paternal use].

The 2023-2024 updates on teratovigilance, with a focus on antiseizure medications, highlight several key points. American medical societies have revised their recommendations: maintaining effective seizure control is essential for both maternal and fetal health; lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and oxcarbazepine are preferred first-line treatments, whereas valproic acid and topiramate should be avoided if possible. In March 2024, an update on topiramate indicated an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders with prenatal exposure.

[Psychiatry : what's new in 2024].

The journal Lancet Psychiatry is launching a Commission for Youth Mental Health, in response to the widely reported finding in the media of a significant deterioration in the health of young people worldwide in recent years. The aim of this commission is to gain a better understanding of the factors that have led to this situation, and to offer care adapted to the needs of this segment of the population. In Lausanne, following the publication of a manual on psychotherapy for psychosis, a training course has been set up to promote this type of care, which is all too often denied to patients suffering from psychosis.

[Pneumology : what's new in 2024].

In 2024, several important innovations have enriched the management of respiratory diseases, including pulmonary hypertension, tuberculosis, COPD, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Notable advancements include the introduction of sotatercept in Switzerland for pulmonary arterial hypertension and mediastinal cryobiopsies, reflecting a shift toward more personalized medicine. Meanwhile, biologic therapies for COPD offer promising perspectives, and a potential path is emerging for shortening the treatment of certain forms of tuberculosis.

[Ophthalmology : what's new in 2024].

Ophthalmology is notable for significant technological innovations (e.g laser, microscopy…) that allow for diagnostic and therapeutic advances every year. This article presents the main significant therapeutic progress and highlights the growing use of artificial intelligence in diagnosis of eye disease.

[Neurology: what's new in 2024].

In 2024, therapeutic and diagnostic advancements are shaping the field of neurology. Three new drugs show promise for treating myasthenia gravis and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. A new classification for Parkinson's disease has been proposed, while a neuroprosthesis is improving gait in advanced stages.

[Nephrology: what's new in 2024 (I)].

From immunoglobulin A nephropathy to primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, sparsentan expands its indications. Complement inhibitors offer new hope for patients with certain poor-prognosis glomerulonephritides. Semaglutide enjoys great success, promising nephro- and cardioprotection for type 2 diabetics.

[Integrative medicine : what's new in 2024].

This article reports on new findings on integrative and complementary medicine published in 2024. The implementation of guidelines for the management of pain in cancer patients is discussed. Then, a literature review is presented, that aims to clarify the role of complementary approaches in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and provides a concrete example of how recommendations are established.

[Emergency medicine : what's new in 2024].

Emergency medicine plays a crucial vital role as the gateway to the Swiss healthcare system. Although it has not yet been officially recognized with a specialist title, unlike most European countries - emergency medicine in Switzerland is characterized by robust research activity. This scientific article demonstrates a dynamic and rigorous evolution.

[Metabolic bone diseases : what's new in 2024].

The epidemiology of femoral fractures is changing, with more femoral shaft fractures linked to high-risk physical exercise by an older population. Vitamin D given during pregnancy for the mother's health could benefit the child. Zoledronic acid is the most effective bisphosphonate.

[Hypertension : what's new in 2024].

The major clinical studies in 2024 reviewed in this manuscript will focus on blood pressure measurement, the effect of coffee on the latter, its follow-up in the postpartum period, blood pressure targets for patients at high cardiovascular risk, particularly those with diabetes, and the late onset of primary aldosteronism after a negative initial confirmation test.

[Gynecology-obstetrics. Contribution of maternal haemodynamics during pregnancy].

Pregnancy leads to a progressive adaptation of the maternal vascular and cardiac systems. Blood pressure is an imperfect indicator of this adaptation, as it reflects cardiac output, vascular resistance, and circulatory volume. Increasingly, studies show that poor hemodynamic adaptation can predict or accompany maternal and/or foetal complications.

[Geriatrics. Focus on neurocognitive disorders].

Neurocognitive disorders are a major public health challenge, affecting 55 million people, and are projected to triple by 2050. This year's research highlights pathological mechanisms such as mitochondrial dysfunction and brain inflammation. Modifiable risk factors, such as vision loss, underscore the importance of early prevention.

[Dermatology. Doxy PEP and topical JAK inhibitors in inflammatory diseases].

This article focuses on two key innovations in dermatology: post-exposure prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and new therapeutic options for inflammatory skin diseases. New European and American guidelines for doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (Doxy PEP) aim to prevent STIs in men who have sex with men (MSM) and individuals on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Doxy PEP is effective against syphilis and chlamydia, but its efficacy is limited by growing gonorrhea resistance.

[Visceral surgery : what's new in 2024].

This article highlights some advances in visceral surgery in 2024. In the hepato-pancreato-biliary field, liquid biopsies, immunotherapy, and robotics have revolutionized diagnosis and treatment, while artificial intelligence could enhance planning and operational safety. In endocrine surgery, a more conservative approach is recommended for well-differentiated thyroid cancers.

[Cardiology. Coronary and structural interventional cardiology].

The year 2024 has witnessed substantial advancements in interventional cardiology, encompassing both coronary and structural interventions.In coronary field, trials have explored percutaneous innovations for coronary lesions, strategies for managing post‑infarction cardiogenic shock and non‑invasive approaches for guiding revascularization. The uploaded guidelines for chronic coronary syndromes emphasize individualized care, integrating modalities such as fractional flow reserve (FFR), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and new teatments, including cochicine, GLP-1 receptor agonists and bempedoic acid.

[Allergology : what's new in 2024].

In recent years, studies have focused on the in vitro diagnosis of immediate drug reactions, with new recommendations concerning the use of the basophil activation test. Air pollution, particularly fine particles with a diameter of less than or equal to 2.5 m (PM2.

Deciphering mixed infections by plant RNA virus and reconstructing complete genomes simultaneously present within-host.

Local co-circulation of multiple phylogenetic lineages is particularly likely for rapidly evolving pathogens in the current context of globalisation. When different phylogenetic lineages co-occur in the same fields, they may be simultaneously present in the same host plant (i.e.

Creating a national breastfeeding and lactation policy for Canadian surgical residents.

Background: Despite known benefits of breastfeeding and challenges medical trainees face lactating at work, research specific to Canadian surgical trainees is lacking. Our objectives were to examine existing breastfeeding and lactation policies, query experiences and opinions of surgical trainees and program directors, and propose a comprehensive policy for programs nation-wide.

Methods: A multi-disciplinary team developed this two-part study.

Deciphering the nature and statistical optimization of antimicrobial metabolites of two endophytic bacilli.

In this study, Allium sativum, garlic, was selected to isolate endophytic bacteria and to evaluate the antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of their produced metabolites followed by identification of the biosynthetic gene cluster of the antimicrobial metabolites using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT). Two bacterial isolates, C6 and C11, were found to have a broad-spectrum antagonistic effect against four standard microbial strains and were molecularly identified using 16 S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis and deposited in a local culture collection as B. velezensis CCASU-C6, and B.