Detecting DNA methylation of the BCL2, CDKN2A and NID2 genes in urine using a nested methylation specific polymerase chain reaction assay to predict bladder cancer.

Purpose: Detection of methylated DNA has been shown to be a good biomarker for bladder cancer. Bladder cancer has the highest recurrence rate of any cancer and, as such, patients are regularly monitored using invasive diagnostic techniques. As urine is easily attainable, bladder cancer is an optimal cancer to detect using DNA methylation.