Distribution of HPV Types in Cervical Cancer in Pakistan: Implications for Screening and Vaccination Programs.

Background: HPV plays a key role in the development of cervical cancer. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of HPV genotypes in patients with Squamous cell carcinoma (SSC) and Adenocarcinoma (ADC) at NORI cancer Hospital Pakistan, with the aim of improving screening and prevention strategies.

Method: Cervical scrapings were collected from 129 diagnosed cervical cancer patients.

Isolated Pancreatic Metastasis in a Patient With Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Report of a Rare Case.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents and its occurrence in adults is extremely rare. There are three major subtypes of RMS of which alveolar RMS (ARMS) has the worst prognosis and tends to metastasize to unusual locations such as the pancreas. We present a case of a 19-year-old male with a rapidly enlarging right orbital mass, the imaging of which revealed it to be an infiltrative lesion with extension into the nasal cavity, ethmoid sinuses, and intracranial involvement.

Global radiotherapy demands and corresponding radiotherapy-professional workforce requirements in 2022 and predicted to 2050: a population-based study.

Background: Addressing the challenge of cancer control requires a comprehensive, integrated, and global health-system response. We aimed to estimate global radiotherapy demands and requirements for radiotherapy professionals from 2022 to 2050.

Methods: We conducted a population-based study using data from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2022 and predicted global radiotherapy demands and workforce requirements in 2050.

Chest Wall Synovial Sarcoma: A Unique Encounter at the Breast Base.

Synovial sarcomas most commonly arise in the para-articular locations of the extremities, such as the upper limbs, thigh, knee, ankle, and foot. Thoracic synovial sarcomas are a rare entity that can arise in the chest wall, pleura, lung, heart, or mediastinum. We present a case of a 23-year-old female with a complaint of swelling of the left breast.

Lost Connection: A Case Report of Interrupted Pituitary Stalk Syndrome.

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome is a triad of thin (<1 mm) or complete absence of the pituitary stalk with either an aplastic or ectopic posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and a hypoplastic or absent anterior lobe of the pituitary. Patients present with growth retardation, short height, seizures, intellectual disability, and absence of sexual maturation at the expected time. Here, we presented a case of a 12-year-old male with stunted growth.

Correlates of markers of dyssynchrony in patients with STEMI and multivessel disease: an analysis from the IAEA SPECT STEMI trial.

Background: In this substudy of the Value of Gated-SPECT MPI for Ischemia- Guided PCI of non-culprit vessels in STEMI Patients with Multi vessel Disease after primary PCI trial after primary PCI we aim to assess if infarct size affects conventional measures of dyssynchrony at rest. Additionally, we explore if there is an independent correlation of stress-inducible ischemia with dyssynchrony at rest.

Methods: The 48 patients with imaging at randomization were analyzed.

Balancing Innovation and Patient Care in Breast Cancer: Integrating Hypofractionated Proton Therapy With Breast Reconstruction Outcomes.

This review aims to assess the application of hypofractionated proton therapy in breast cancer reconstruction, analyzing its advantages, challenges, and broader implications for patient care. The goal is to comprehensively understand how this innovative approach can be integrated into breast cancer treatment. Proton therapy exhibits superior target coverage and safety, reducing radiation-induced complications and sparing critical organs, but skin toxicity outcomes differ from photon therapy.

Comparison of Low-Dose Interleukin 2 Therapy in Conjunction With Standard Therapy in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus vs Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aims to compare the efficacy and safety of a novel immunotherapy with low-dose interleukin 2 (IL2) across two of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases i.e. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Real-World Challenges of Managing Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in a Developing Country.

Purpose: To highlight challenges and cancer care disparities in patients of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma management in resource-constrained settings.

Materials And Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 738 patients from 12 public and private sector hematology-oncology centers across Pakistan. Patients were divided into limited-resource and enhanced-resource settings as per national diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) guidelines.

Ferrous Illusion: A Unique Case of Welding Fume Particles Appearing as Metallic Artifacts in MRI.

A rare cause of metallic artifacts over the scalp on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is welding fume particles that contain paramagnetic iron oxide particles. These introduce distortion of the magnetic field homogeneity and result in susceptibility artifacts. They may erroneously be reported as a pathology such as calcified lesions; therefore, awareness among radiologists is required.

Can Artificial Intelligence Beat Humans in Detecting Breast Malignancy on Mammograms?

Background: The study was aimed at identifying how useful Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) could be in reducing false-negative reporting in mammography and early detection of breast cancer at an early stage as the best protection is early detection.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care setup of Atomic Energy Cancer Hospital, Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute (AECH-NORI), where 33 patients with suspicious findings on mammography and subsequent biopsy-proven malignancy were included. The findings of mammography including the lesion type, breast parenchymal density, and sensitivity of CAD detection, as well as the final biopsy results, were recorded.

Prevalence of HPV types in HIV-positive and negative females with normal cervical cytology or dysplasia.

Unlabelled: The burden of HPV varies by country and HIV status. The study aimed to evaluate HPV types prevalent in HIV-positive females compared with HIV-negative females in the local population of the federal capital territory in Pakistan.

Method: The selected female population consisted of 65 already diagnosed HIV-positive females and 135 HIV-negative females.

Comparative Evaluation of 99mTc-Octreotide for Diagnostic Accuracy Assessment and Localization of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE in Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Introduction: Neuroendocrine tumors, due to uncommon and multi-centric origin, pose a clinical challenge for their diagnosis and treatment. Developing countries where Ga-68 DOTA-TOC/NOC PET imaging is very limited and costly, 99mTc based SSR imaging can be used as the key tool for its diagnosis and assessment of therapy response. Hence we used two different 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals for NET imaging designated as RP-1 and RP-2 for clinical assessment and peptide receptor therapy response of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE by manually synthesized acetate buffer.

Analysis of Rare Alleles of and as a Prognostic Marker in Thyroid Cancer in Pakistani Population.

Background: Rationale: The miRNAs are short non-coding functional RNAs that are involved in the regulation of transcriptomes. It was found that human miRNA-146a and miRNA34b/c are important microRNAs and are functioning either as onco-miRNAs, or acting as tumor suppressors, in different conditions. To date, no study has been performed to evaluate the alterations of miRNA-146ars2910164 and miRNA34b/crs4938723 polymorphism as a risk factor in the development of thyroid cancer in the Pakistani population.

Ischemia-guided vs routine non-culprit vessel angioplasty for patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and multi-vessel disease: the IAEA SPECT STEMI trial.

Background: In patients with multi-vessel disease presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the efficacy and safety of ischemia-guided, vs routine non-culprit vessel angioplasty has not been adequately studied.

Methods: We conducted an international, randomized, non-inferiority trial comparing ischemia-guided non-culprit vessel angioplasty to routine non-culprit vessel angioplasty, following primary PCI for STEMI. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in percent ischemic myocardium at follow-up stress MPI.

Extraosseous soft tissue uptake-in Multiple Myeloma.

Tc-99m Methylene Diphosphonate (MDP) bone scintigraphy has been used for the assessment of benign as well as malignant skeletal conditions. Non-osseous radiotracer uptake on bone scan is an unusual finding. It is usually performed for metastatic bone disease, and is generally not an indication in multiple myeloma, as osteolytic lesions typically show no radiotracer uptake.

Clinicopathological Spectrum of Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Tertiary Care Cancer Hospital Study in Pakistan.

Introduction Lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of disorders that arise primarily from lymphoid tissue and are categorized based on histological features and immunophenotypes. The distribution and frequency of different types of lymphoma vary in different parts of the world. This study aimed to document the frequency and clinicopathological characteristics of various types of lymphoma in our population to understand the ever-increasing burden of disease and formulate the optimal management and prevention plans.

Validation of Convolutional Neural Networks for Fast Determination of Whole-Body Metabolic Tumor Burden in Pediatric Lymphoma.

F-FDG PET/CT quantification of whole-body tumor burden in lymphoma is not routinely performed because of the lack of fast methods. Although the semiautomatic method is fast, it is not fast enough to quantify tumor burden in daily clinical practice. Our purpose was to evaluate the performance of convolutional neural network (CNN) software in localizing neoplastic lesions in whole-body F-FDG PET/CT images of pediatric lymphoma patients.

Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Relation to the Contributing Factors in COVID-19 Patients.

Human health has always been challenged by variety of viral infections, but severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has surpassed all previous viral diseases and emerged as a major health challenge around the globe. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and serological assay provides a compliment to diagnosis after second week of infection. The aim of the study is the characterization of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in the blood sample of diagnosed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, and its potential association with factors such as age, gender, time, and symptoms.

Measurement of age-dependent radiation ingestion doses due to gross alpha and gross beta exposure from medicinal plants.

This article presents the results of a study conducted to measure the gross alpha, gross beta activities in medicinal plant samples collected from different districts of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. The ASC-950-DP gasless high-speed counter was used for the measurement of gross / activities. Measured activities have been used to assess age-dependent annual effective doses for infants, one-, five-, ten-, and fifteen-year-old and adult people.

Diagnosis and Management of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Society of Medical Oncology, Pakistan Society of Hematology, and Pakistan Society of Clinical Oncology Joint Clinical Practice Guideline.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the commonest non-Hodgkin lymphoma encountered by hematopathologists and oncologists. Management guidelines for DLBCL are developed and published by countries with high income and do not cater for practical challenges faced in resource-constrained settings. This report by a multidisciplinary panel of experts from Pakistan is on behalf of three major national cancer societies: Society of Medical Oncology Pakistan, Pakistan Society of Hematology, and Pakistan Society of Clinical Oncology.

Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Equivalent: Diagnostic Performance in Assessment of Iron Deficiency in Patients with Hypothyroidism.

Introduction: Iron deficiency affects approximately 30% of the world population and is frequently encountered in hypothyroid patients. Early recognition and prompt treatment of iron deficiency in hypothyroid patients lead to a favorable outcome. The aim of this study is to prove the usefulness of reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) as a reliable and effective tool in diagnosis of iron deficiency in hypothyroid patients.