6,458 results match your criteria: "Oncology Institute.[Affiliation]"

Siltuximab in Idiopathic Multicentric Castleman Disease: Real-World Experience.

J Hematol

October 2024

Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Article Synopsis
  • Castleman disease (CD) is a rare non-cancerous condition that can be unicentric or multicentric (MCD), with MCD leading to serious symptoms due to cytokine issues, particularly involving interleukin-6 (IL-6).
  • This study examined the real-world effectiveness of siltuximab, an anti-IL-6 therapy recommended for idiopathic MCD, in treating patients in Greece and Romania from 2017 to 2022.
  • Out of 48 patients treated, 71.1% had a response to the treatment, with a 3-year survival rate of 74%, but some patients experienced adverse effects like elevated liver enzymes and anxiety.
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Resection of colorectal liver metastases with second-line aflibercept plus FOLFIRI: Results from the RESECTION prospective French cohort.

Eur J Cancer

December 2024

Department of Hepato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, AP-HP Paul Brousse Hospital, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France. Electronic address:

Aim: To evaluate R0/R1 resection rate in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM) treated with aflibercept plus FOLFIRI after failure of a prior oxaliplatin-based regimen in daily clinical practice.

Methods: This French, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort (NCT05178745) included patients with CLM (alone or predominant; up to 5 lung nodules <2 cm allowed) initiating aflibercept plus FOLFIRI every 2 weeks per physician choice. Primary endpoint was R0/R1 resection rate.

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Despite the cumulative evidence supporting HER3 as a target for antitumor therapies, no agents targeting HER3 have been approved for cancer treatment. Most of the agents evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials have been specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), with few examples of active immunotherapy directed against this receptor. However, some cancer vaccine formats may generate polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) that replicate the diverse effector mechanisms of MAbs, including ligand neutralization and receptor degradation.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the safety of omitting axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with residual axillary disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), focusing on those treated with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or targeted axillary dissection (TAD).
  • An analysis of two multicenter cohorts (MF18-02 and MF18-03) included 501 patients who received regional nodal irradiation and achieved a complete clinical response to NAC.
  • Results showed low recurrence rates (0.4% axillary, 0.8% locoregional) and no significant differences in disease-free or disease-specific survival between SLNB and TAD, suggesting ALND omission is safe if patients receive
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Cellular plasticity is enhanced by dedifferentiation processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The dynamic and transient nature of EMT-like processes challenges the investigation of cell plasticity in patient-derived breast cancer models. Here, we utilized patient-derived organoids (PDOs) as a model to study the susceptibility of primary breast cancer cells to EMT.

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Spatial immunogenomic patterns associated with lymph node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma.

Exp Hematol Oncol

October 2024

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institution of Thoracic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, Xicheng District, China.

Article Synopsis
  • This study investigates the immunogenomic characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with lymph node (LN) metastasis, aiming to better understand its connection to poor patient prognosis.
  • Researchers utilized next-generation sequencing and multiplex immunohistochemistry on a large patient cohort to map genetic alterations and analyze the immune environment in LUAD tumors.
  • The findings highlight specific mutations and immune cell profiles linked to LN metastasis, allowing researchers to create a predictive model that could enhance personalized treatment strategies for patients who cannot undergo surgery.
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Comprehensive Analysis of the Association Between Sex Hormones and Body Mass Components Among Men Adults: Results From a Large Population-Based Study.

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)

October 2024

Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.

Background: As the human body ages, adverse body composition status such as sarcopenia and obesity become obvious phenotypes which can cause numerous health problems. We aimed to comprehensively investigate the association of sex hormones and body mass components in adult men of various age groups.

Methods: We analysed national representative population data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

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Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent cancer in children, with continuously improving survival rates. As few studies in Romania have analyzed ALL patients and disease characteristics or survival, we conducted a retrospective study on 158 patients diagnosed with ALL admitted to the Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology at the Emergency Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, from January 2011 until April 2021. The most important objectives of the study are to establish full profiles of the patients and ALL, remission rates, relapses, and deaths, an epidemiology analysis to determine the incidence of ALL for comparison with the standard European population, and also to assess survival by the most important parameters, including minimal residual disease (MRD).

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Article Synopsis
  • The study focuses on the effectiveness and safety of second-line treatment options (docetaxel vs. alternative ARSI) for patients aged 75 and older who have metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) after failing first-line androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs).
  • Researchers analyzed a group of 122 elderly patients, finding no significant differences in overall survival or progression-free survival when comparing those who received docetaxel to those who received an alternative ARSI.
  • The results suggest that both treatment options are similar for elderly patients, providing useful insights despite the limitations of a small and retrospective study design.
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Objective: Heart failure affects 1-2% of the population in developed countries. Hemogram biomarkers are cheap, rapid, readily accessible and are known to have prognostic benefit in cardiovascular, infectious and oncologic diseases.

Methods: The aim of the current study is to evaluate lymphocyte-to-white-blood-cell ratio (LWR) as a prognostic predictor in patients with heart failure.

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Impact of Sarcopenia on Treatment Outcomes and Toxicity in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.

Medicina (Kaunas)

October 2024

Department of Oncological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Article Synopsis
  • Sarcopenia, characterized by muscle mass loss, is found in up to 68% of rectal cancer patients and negatively affects survival and tumor response, although research on its impact in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is limited.
  • A study at the Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Institute of Oncology examined 50 LARC patients who underwent total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT), assessing muscle mass via MRI before and after therapy.
  • The findings showed that a lower overall complete response rate (oCR) of 18% was significantly tied to post-treatment sarcopenia, and patients who experienced muscle loss during therapy had worse clinical outcomes and higher instances of cystitis and thrombocytopenia.
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With the increasing burden of osteoarthritis worldwide, cost efficient and reliable models are needed to enable the development of innovative therapies or therapeutic interventions. Ex vivo models have been identified as valuable modalities in translational research, bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo models. Osteocartilaginous explants from Osteoarthritis (OA) patients offer an exquisite opportunity for studying OA progression and testing novel therapies.

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Macrophages as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Biomedicines

October 2024

Regina Maria" Regional Laboratory in Cluj-Napoca, 34-36 Republicii Str., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous malignant hemopathy, and although new drugs have emerged recently, current treatment options still show limited efficacy. Therapy resistance remains a major concern due to its contribution to treatment failure, disease relapse, and increased mortality among patients. The underlying mechanisms of resistance to therapy are not fully understood, and it is crucial to address this challenge to improve therapy.

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Background: It is projected that, by 2040, the number of new cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) will increase to 3.2 million, and the number of deaths to 1.6 million, highlighting the need for prevention strategies, early detection and adequate follow-up.

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: In recent years, cardiac dysfunction in childhood cancer survivors has become an important issue. Studies are focusing on identifying means for the early identification of patients at risk. Considering this, our study aims to investigate 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) repolarization changes throughout doxorubicin (DOX) and cyclophosphamide (CPM) administration in pediatric patients treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

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Several techniques exist to maintain oral and/or enteral feeding among esophageal cancer (EC) patients, but their impact on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of nutritional support techniques on PROs in EC patients. We searched Medline, Web of Science, and CINAHL Complete from inception to 3 April 2024.

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Over the last two decades, the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer patients have considerably improved. However, brain metastases remain a major clinical challenge and a leading cause of mortality. Thus, a better understanding of the pathways involved in the metastatic cascade is essential.

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Assessing the elements of nursing practice environments is crucial, as investing in their improvement will enhance outcomes for nurses, patients, and organizations. Moreover, comparing practice environments from different countries improves the definition of cross-cutting guidelines that can be applied in various contexts. Thus, this study aims to evaluate nursing practice environments in hospitals in Portugal and Brazil.

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Background: In 2018, Romania established national guidelines for patient blood management (PBM), endorsed by the Romanian Society of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (SRATI) and approved by the Ministry of Health. These guidelines emphasize managing anemia, coagulation issues, and the cautious use of allogeneic transfusions to improve patient outcomes.

Materials And Methods: A national survey was conducted among Romanian anesthesiologists to assess PBM guideline adoption.

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PTPRZ1 dephosphorylates and stabilizes RNF26 to reduce the efficacy of TKIs and PD-1 blockade in ccRCC.

Oncogene

December 2024

Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma, often exhibits resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) when used as monotherapy. However, the integration of PD-1 blockade with TKIs has significantly improved patient survival, making it a leading therapeutic strategy for ccRCC. Despite these advancements, the efficacy of this combined therapy remains suboptimal, necessitating a deeper understanding of the underlying regulatory mechanisms.

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Profiling of urinary extracellular vesicle protein signatures from patients with cribriform and intraductal prostate carcinoma in a cross-sectional study.

Sci Rep

October 2024

Computational and Experimental Biology Group, iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.

Prognostic tests and treatment approaches for optimized clinical care of prostatic neoplasms are an unmet need. Prostate cancer (PCa) and derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) proteome changes occur during initiation and progression of the disease. PCa tissue proteome has been previously characterized, but screening of tissue samples constitutes an invasive procedure.

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IGFBP5 in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis: Gene expression profile among metastatic and non-metastatic patients.

Gene

January 2025

Pediatrics Department, Pediatric Oncology Institute/GRAACC, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Morphology and Genetics Department, Genetics Discipline, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; National Science and Technology Institute for Children's Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology - INCT BioOncoPed, Brazil.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent primary malignant bone tumor among children and adolescents, with a peak of incidence in the second decade of life. The presence of metastasis at diagnosis in OS patients significantly decreases the chances of survival and new therapy approaches are needed. The IGFBP5 gene is related to osteoblasts metabolism and some studies have pointed out a role of its low expressions in OS development and metastasis.

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