Effect of opioids for breathlessness in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: For the treatment of breathlessness in heart failure (HF), most textbooks advocate the use of opioids. Yet, meta-analyses are lacking.

Methods: A systematic review was performed for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing effects of opioids on breathlessness (primary outcome) in patients with HF.

Dexmedetomidine: a magic bullet on its way into palliative care-a narrative review and practice recommendations.

Background And Objective: Dexmedetomidine is a potent adrenergic alpha-2 receptor agonist. It was first approved for sedation for mechanically ventilated patients. Being a sedative medication that is not associated with respiratory depression and holding analgesic properties fosters the interest for this drug in the palliative care field.