HIV-1 Drug Resistance among Treatment-Naïve Patients in Russia: Analysis of the National Database, 2006-2022.

In Russia, antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage has significantly increased, which, in the absence of routine genotyping testing, could lead to an increase in HIV drug resistance (DR). The aim of this study was to investigate the patterns and temporal trends in HIV DR as well as the prevalence of genetic variants in treatment-naïve patients from 2006 to 2022, using data from the Russian database (4481 protease and reverse transcriptase and 844 integrase gene sequences). HIV genetic variants, and DR and DR mutations (DRMs) were determined using the Stanford Database.

[Lethal cases of lyssavirus encephalitis in humans after contact with bats in the Russian Far East in 2019-2021].

Introduction: On the territory of Russia four species of lyssaviruses (genus Lyssavirus) were identified, three of them caused human deaths.

The Aim Of Work: to characterize fatal cases in humans after contacts with bats in the Far East in 20182021 and to perform typing of isolated pathogens.

Materials And Methods: Lyssavirus infection was confirmed in samples of sectional material from people who died in the Amur Region in 2019, in the Primorsky Krai in 2019 and 2021.

Real-time PCR validation to estimate the number of rickettsias in the biological material under study.

Using the example of the clinical strain of R. sibirica «Bayevo 105/87», the possibility of quantitative determination of rickettsias in clinical samples from patients with Siberian tick-borne typhus by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RT) was evaluated. Cultivation was carried out in the yolk sacs of developing chicken embryos, from which a piece of the yolk sac or chorion was taken.

Prevalence and Spectrum of HIV-1 Resistance Mutations in the Siberian Federal District.

The Siberian Federal District is among the most affected regions with a high prevalence of HIV-infection and is characterized by high HIV-infection incidence rate and high mortality among the HIV-infected population. HIV drug resistance poses a major threat to public health and is associated with increased mortality, HIV incidence, and cost of epidemic control programs. A total of 1281 samples from HIV-infected patients were sequenced and analyzed with the DEONA and HIVdb Program to assess the prevalence of drug resistance mutations in patients in the Siberian Federal District in 2016-2018.

Modification of isothermal test for detecting DNA of pathogens of tick-borne borreliosis.

Early diagnosis of tick-borne borreliosis determines the indications for etiotropic therapy, and the detection of borrelia in a tick that has bitten you serves as the basis for antibiotic prophylaxis. To determine the causative agent of borreliosis, PCR methods are most widely used, which requires special conditions for organizing the work of laboratories and the use of expensive equipment. In addition, the procedure for isolating bacterial DNA and subsequent amplification takes several hours of working time.

Avidity of IgG to Rickettsia prowazekii and the presence of specific IgM in blood sera for retrospective analysis of the 1998 epidemic typhus outbreak in Russia.

The authors applied a new methodological approach based not only on the study of IgM/IgG to Rickettsia prowazekii in sera, but also on the estimation of the avidity index of specific IgG. The data allowed the authors to draw new conclusions about the 1998 epidemic typhus outbreak in Russia.

Genetic variability of Anaplasmataceae circulating in small mammals and ticks in an Ixodes persulcatus/Ixodes trianguliceps sympatric area in Russian Siberia.

A total of 705 rodents from Myodes, Microtus, and Apodemus genera, 396 adult questing Ixodes persulcatus, and 115 Ixodes larvae and nymphs taken from rodents (and then molted under laboratory conditions to nymphs and adults) were collected in 2013-2018 in Omsk province, Russian Siberia, and examined for the presence of Anaplasmataceae. DNA of Anaplasma phagocytophilum was detected in 29.5 % rodents, 3.

Long-term persistence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia muris in wild rodents.

Wild animals are reservoir hosts for a number of tick-transmitted agents, and long-term persistence of the agents is a key factor for their effective transmission from animal hosts to ticks. To study the persistence of Anaplasmataceae in rodents, 59 adult Myodes spp. voles (M.

[Possibilities of serological verification of siberian tick borne type with use of test system for identification of antibodies to Rickettsia conorii.].

The real epidemiological impact of Spotted Fever Group rickettsioses including Siberian tick-borne typhus (STT) in Russia is not sufficiently studied. One of the reasons is the actual absence of either certified domestic diagnostic kits or the evidence for using foreign test kits for laboratory verification of this group of tick-borne infections in medical practice. Objective of our study was to study the diagnostic accuracy of the ELISA test system based on Rickettsia conorii antigens for serological verification of STT.

A fatal case of tick-borne rickettsiosis caused by mixed Rickettsia sibirica subsp. sibirica and "Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae" infection in Russia.

North Asian tick-typhus (NATT), also known as Siberian tick typhus, is the main tick-borne rickettsiosis in Siberia, Russia. Recently, a fatal infection in a four-year-old girl with typical tick-borne rickettsiosis symptoms (fever, rash, eschar at the site of the tick bite, myalgia) and meningeal syndrome was registered. In order to identify the etiology of this infection, blood and brain samples from the patient were examined for the presence of a wide range of tick-transmitted agents and enteric viruses by polymerase chain reaction with subsequent sequencing.

[Retrospective serological diagnostics of spotted fever group rickettsioses in high risk areas of Rickettsia conorii subsp. Caspia infection.].

723 blood sera from 537 patients of Regional Infectious Clinical Hospital, Astrakhan were obtained during high activity period of Rhipicephalus ticks (May-September 2015) and retrospectively studied for IgG/IgM to antigen of spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia. IgG and/or IgM to Rickettsia conorii were detected in 145 sera from 130 patients, and antibodies to R. sibirica (group-specific) were detected in 143 sera from 145.

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of the serological methods for the identification of antibodies in patients with tissue ricketsiosis on the territories of a different risk of Rickettsia sibirica infection.].

Cases of tick-borne rickettsiosis in Siberia and the Far East are associated with R. sibirica, the causative agent of Siberian tick typhus (STT). In connection with a sharp reduction in the nomenclature of diagnostic products and an increase in the spectrum of species of founding rickettsiae on the territory of Russia, new approaches to the laboratory verification of diagnoses are needed.

[Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of tick-borne rickettsioses in areas of low risk of infection Rickettsia sibirica.].

For the first time, a comparative description of clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with clinical signs of tick-borne rickettsiosis in a natural focus with a low risk of infection with R. sibirica and circulation of R. raoultii is given, depending on the results of serological verification of the diagnosis.

[Molecular epidemiological analysis of HIV-1 variants circulating in Russia in 1987-2015].

Aim: To simultaneously analyze HIV-1 samples from all Russian regions to characterize the epidemiology of HIV infection in the country as a whole.

Subjects And Methods: The most extensive study was conducted to examine nucleotide sequences of the pol gene of HIV-1 samples isolated from HIV-positive persons in different regions of Russia, with the diagnosis date being fixed during 1987-2015. The nucleotide sequences of the HIV-1 genome were analyzed using computer programs and on-line applications to identify a virus subtype and new recombinant forms.

High prevalence of Babesia microti 'Munich' type in small mammals from an Ixodes persulcatus/Ixodes trianguliceps sympatric area in the Omsk region, Russia.

Babesia microti is a genetically diverse group of protozoan parasites whose life cycle is associated with both small mammals and Ixodes spp. ticks. In this study, the prevalence of different B.