Sarcomatous transformation of IDH-mutant astrocytoma matching to methylation class oligosarcoma following embolization, a case report.

The mesenchymal transformations of infiltrating gliomas are uncommon events. This is particularly true of IDH-mutant astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, in which mesenchymal transformation is exceedingly rare. oligosarcoma is a newly recognized methylation class (MC) that represents transformed 1p/19q co-deleted oligodendrogliomas, but recent studies indicate it may be non-specific.

The landscape of primary mismatch repair deficient gliomas in children, adolescents, and young adults: a multi-cohort study.

Background: Gliomas are a major cause of cancer-related death among children, adolescents, and young adults (age 0-40 years). Primary mismatch repair deficiency (MMRD) is a pan-cancer mechanism with unique biology and therapeutic opportunities. We aimed to determine the extent and impact of primary MMRD in gliomas among children, adolescents, and young adults.

Oligoastrocytoma: The Vanishing Entity With True Dual Genotype, a Report, its Molecular Profiles and Review of Literature.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas are classified as astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma based on the recent application of mutation, mutation, and 1p/19q co-deletion. Astrocytomas classically show and mutations, whereas oligodendrogliomas are defined by 1p/19q co-deletion. However, there are reports of gliomas that harbor both astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma morphologically and molecularly.

Pharmacological Blockade of Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Reduces the Incidence of Brain Tumors Induced by Prenatal Exposure to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in Rats.

Background: The study demonstrates that pharmacological blockade of type 3 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu3) receptors at the time of tumor induction significantly reduces the incidence of brain gliomas in rats. The overall survival of patients with high-grade brain gliomas is 14-20 months after current multimodal therapy, including surgery, radiotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy.

Objective: To demonstrate in this experimental model that pharmacological blockade of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors reduces the incidence of brain tumors induced by prenatal exposure to N- ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) in rats.

Are Dinucleotide Alterations Definitional for Myxoid Glioneuronal Tumor? Report of p. K385L Mutation in a Neonatal High-Grade Glioma.

Tumors are increasingly defined by molecular alterations but approach to cases with discordant histologic and molecular features is unclear. Myxoid glioneuronal tumor (MGNT), histologically similar to dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET), is characterized by dinucleotide mutations in gene (K385L or K385I). Here, we report K385L mutation in a neonatal high-grade glioma.

Diffuse Glioneuronal Tumor With Oligodendroglioma-Like Features and Nuclear Clusters Relapse in a Seven-Year-Old Boy: An Unusual Case Exhibiting Near-Tetraploidy and Chromosome 14 Diploidy.

Diffuse glioneuronal tumor with oligodendroglioma-like features and nuclear clusters (DGONC) is a rare brain tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Although only a few cases of DGONC have been reported following the initial description of the tumor, they have a distinct DNA methylation pattern and share a recurrent chromosomal finding of monosomy 14. We encountered a seven-year-old boy who presented with seizures and was found to have a left frontal and suprasellar mass.

Influence of neuropathological diagnosis on psychooncological distress in neurooncological patients - a retrospective cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Gliomas, the most common primary brain tumours, are classified based on histology and molecular genetics. Glioblastomas (GBM) are highly aggressive and are graded as WHO grade 4, while astrocytoma and oligodendrogliomas fall under WHO grades 2-3 (4). Gliomas affect 6 per 100,000 people, with a higher incidence in men.

The frontal aslant tract: Anatomical description and case report.

Background: Advances in surgical techniques, neuroimaging, and white matter fiber dissection have facilitated the identification of critical tracts like the frontal aslant tract (FAT) that have garnered attention, despite remaining poorly recognized within the neurosurgical community.

Case Description: We report the case of a 37-year-old male right-handed patient presenting with headache and epilepsy, in whom neuroimaging revealed an intra-axial lesion in the left middle frontal gyrus closely associated with FAT. Successful navigation-guided resection of the lesion was achieved, resulting in a favorable neurological outcome attributable to the preservation of the tract.

A case of anaplastic oligodendroglioma in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

A 6-year-old male rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) showed loss of appetite, right side rotating and the left side circling. The symptoms did not improve, and the rabbit died on the 2nd day after presentation. Histological evaluation of the brain revealed a non-demarcated high cellularity area of neoplastic cells in the midbrain.

Olıgosarcoma: A Rare Case Report Wıth Dıstınct Features.

Oligosarcoma is a recently identified entity characterized by sarcomatous changes originating from oligodendroglioma. As of our current understanding, sarcomatous components are infrequent in glial tumors. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification describes sarcomatous features as a rare pattern in grade 3 oligodendrogliomas.

An update to the American Radium Society's appropriate use criteria of lower grade gliomas: Integration of IDH inhibitors.

The ARS brain committee recommends that vorasidenib may be appropriate for recurrent or residual IDH-mutant grade 2 oligodendroglioma or astrocytoma. Vorasidenib is usually not appropriate for completely resected grade 2 oligodendroglioma or astrocytoma, any grade 3 oligodendroglioma or astrocytoma, or combined with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy for any grade 2-3 glioma.

Glioma subtype prediction based on radiomics of tumor and peritumoral edema under automatic segmentation.

Comprehensive and non-invasive preoperative molecular diagnosis is important for prognostic and therapy decision-making in adult-type diffuse gliomas. We employed a deep learning method for automatic segmentation of brain gliomas directly from conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the tumor core and peritumoral edema regions based on available glioma MRI data provided in the BraTS2021. Three-dimensional volumes of interest were segmented from 424 cases of glioma imaging data retrospectively obtained from two medical centers using the segmentation method and radiomic features were extracted.

Implications of molecular classifications in glioma surgery.

Purpose: The incorporation of molecular markers into neuro-oncology has transformed our understanding of adult diffuse gliomas. While surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment for many patients with gliomas, surgical management strategies warrant re-exploration in the context of characteristic molecular profiles.

Methods: We reviewed the neurosurgical and neuro-oncological literature for studies investigating surgery in molecularly defined cohorts of adult diffuse gliomas.

The prognostic impact of CDKN2A/B hemizygous deletions in IDH-mutant glioma.

Background: Homozygous deletions of CDKN2A/B are known to predict poor prognosis in gliomas, but the impact of hemizygous deletions is less clear. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of hemizygous CDKN2A/B deletions in IDH-mutant low-grade astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas.

Methods: Tissue samples diagnosed as astrocytoma, IDH-mutant and oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant, 1p/19q co-deleted CNS WHO grade 2 and 3 were collected from the archives of the Institute of Neuropathology in Heidelberg.

Evaluation of ploidy and the DNA index by flow cytometry in central nervous system tumors: a review.

Research on central nervous system tumors (CNSTs) has a significant impact on the diagnosis and prognosis of patients. Currently, CNSTs are classified according to the schema proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), which considers clinical, histopathological, and molecular characteristics, highlighting the importance of tumor biology for accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment approaches. Despite these advances, assessing DNA ploidy-a marker of tumor aggressiveness-remains complex in CNSTs.

In silico molecular interaction analysis of phytochemicals extracted from flowers.

This study used various assays to analyse the antioxidant activity and phenolic content of flowers. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was found to have an IC value of 1276.00 µg/mL, the iron chelating activity was 5.