Enhanced Positioning Strategies to Reduce Pneumothorax in CT-Guided Lung Biopsies.

Background/objectives: This study aimed to investigate pneumothorax risk, focusing on the gravitational effect of pleural pressure caused by specific patient positioning.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 144 percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsies performed between January 2019 and December 2023. Patients were grouped into those with or without pneumothorax.

Electrochemical Nickel-Catalyzed Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Diorganyl Selanes from Diaryl Diselanes and Aryl and Alkyl Iodides.

The synthesis of unsymmetrical diorganyl selanes was accomplished under electrochemical conditions in an undivided cell utilizing a magnesium cathode and a carbon anode made out of aryl and alkyl iodides and diselanes. This electrochemical cross-electrophile coupling (eXEC) was accomplished using a simple nickel catalyst formed in situ out of Ni(acac) and 2,2'-bipyridine in DMF at ambient temperatures. The reaction showed good functional group compatibility, and heteroaryl iodides, such as thiophene or pyridine derivatives, were well accepted.

Aligning extracurricular school activities with physical literacy: pilot evaluation through self-study of practice.

Introduction: Although several important documents of education and health promotion on the international level favor practices geared toward physical literacy (PL), not all countries have yet gained experience with this holistic concept. Therefore, numerous stakeholders and practitioners who intend to align their interventional activities with PL will soon face the situation that there are no recommendations for their specific culture and language for how to design such programs. Given that such recommendations are also lacking for Germany, the goal of the present study within the uncontrolled pilot cycles of the PLACE study was (a) to describe the process of a female pedagogue (27 years old, previously unexperienced with PL) initially familiarizing herself with the PL concept and its implementation opportunities for the school setting, and (b) to retrace the process of developing and refining a PL-driven intervention for extracurricular physical education (60-90 min) of children in grades three and four at primary schools in Bremen.

The Multidimensional Prognostic Index predicts incident delirium among hospitalized older patients with COVID-19: a multicenter prospective European study.

Purpose: Incident delirium is a frequent complication among hospitalized older people with COVID-19, associated with increased length of hospital stay, higher morbidity and mortality rates. Although delirium is preventable with early detection, systematic assessment methods and predictive models are not universally defined, thus delirium is often underrated. In this study, we tested the role of the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI), a prognostic tool based on Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, to predict the risk of incident delirium.

Knowledge of the monkeypox 2022 outbreak among dental hygienists and students in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge of monkeypox infection among dental hygiene professionals and students in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenience sample of dental hygiene professionals (n = 259). The questionnaire was developed based on previous literature, and descriptive analysis and a Chi-square test were performed.

Development and evaluation of a school-based physical literacy intervention for children in Germany: protocol of the PLACE study.

Introduction: Fueled by the COVID-19 pandemic, the physical activity behavior of children has reached a concerning level nowadays. By empowering individuals to be physically active throughout the life course, the concept of physical literacy has recently gained increasing attention and adopts a holistic-integrative perspective on PA promotion. Although the field has successively attempted to translate the conceptual ideas of physical literacy into interventions, the theoretical base is heterogeneous and is often lacking within interventions.

The Role of Multidimensional Prognostic Index to Identify Hospitalized Older Adults with COVID-19 Who Can Benefit from Remdesivir Treatment: An Observational, Prospective, Multicenter Study.

Background: Data regarding the importance of multidimensional frailty to guide clinical decision making for remdesivir use in older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are largely unexplored.

Objective: The aim of this research was to evaluate if the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI), a multidimensional frailty tool based on the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), may help physicians in identifying older hospitalized patients affected by COVID-19 who might benefit from the use of remdesivir.

Methods: This was a multicenter, prospective study of older adults hospitalized for COVID-19 in 10 European hospitals, followed-up for 90 days after hospital discharge.

Advanced cervical stump cancer after laparoscopic subtotal hysterectomy: a case report of imaging, laparoscopic staging and treatment approach.

Background: Advanced cancer of the cervical stump, occurring years after a laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy (LASH), is a rare but serious clinical condition. Many patients who undergo a LASH are unaware of this possible complication. Upon diagnosis of advanced cervical stump cancer, a holistic approach including imaging, laparoscopic surgery and multimodal oncological therapy is required.

PTB-XL+, a comprehensive electrocardiographic feature dataset.

Machine learning (ML) methods for the analysis of electrocardiography (ECG) data are gaining importance, substantially supported by the release of large public datasets. However, these current datasets miss important derived descriptors such as ECG features that have been devised in the past hundred years and still form the basis of most automatic ECG analysis algorithms and are critical for cardiologists' decision processes. ECG features are available from sophisticated commercial software but are not accessible to the general public.

FAIR human neuroscientific data sharing to advance AI driven research and applications: Legal frameworks and missing metadata standards.

Modern AI supported research holds many promises for basic and applied science. However, the application of AI methods is often limited because most labs cannot, on their own, acquire large and diverse datasets, which are best for training these methods. Data sharing and open science initiatives promise some relief to the problem, but only if the data are provided in a usable way.

Digital ink and differentiated subjective ratings for cognitive load measurement in middle childhood.

Background: New methods are constantly being developed to adapt cognitive load measurement to different contexts. However, research on middle childhood students' cognitive load measurement is rare. Research indicates that the three cognitive load dimensions (intrinsic, extraneous, and germane) can be measured well in adults and teenagers using differentiated subjective rating instruments.

Previable preterm premature rupture of membranes: 117 cases with neonatal outcomes in light of current research.

Background: ppPROM < 24 + 0 weeks of gestation complicates < 1 % of all pregnancies but is responsible for significant maternal and neonatal morbidity. It is associated with 18-20% of perinatal deaths.

Objective: To evaluate neonatal outcome after expectant management in ppPROM in order to obtain evidence-based information for purposes of future counselling.

New definitions of human lymphoid and follicular cell entities in lymphatic tissue by machine learning.

Histological sections of the lymphatic system are usually the basis of static (2D) morphological investigations. Here, we performed a dynamic (4D) analysis of human reactive lymphoid tissue using confocal fluorescent laser microscopy in combination with machine learning. Based on tracks for T-cells (CD3), B-cells (CD20), follicular T-helper cells (PD1) and optical flow of follicular dendritic cells (CD35), we put forward the first quantitative analysis of movement-related and morphological parameters within human lymphoid tissue.

To pretrain or not? A systematic analysis of the benefits of pretraining in diabetic retinopathy.

There is an increasing number of medical use cases where classification algorithms based on deep neural networks reach performance levels that are competitive with human medical experts. To alleviate the challenges of small dataset sizes, these systems often rely on pretraining. In this work, we aim to assess the broader implications of these approaches in order to better understand what type of pretraining works reliably (with respect to performance, robustness, learned representation etc.

Can the Multidimensional Prognostic Index Improve the Identification of Older Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Likely to Benefit from Mechanical Ventilation? An Observational, Prospective, Multicenter Study.

Objective: Data on prognostic tools for indicating mechanical ventilation in older people with COVID-19 are still limited. The aim of this research was to evaluate if the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI), based on the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), may help physicians in identifying older hospitalized patients affected by COVID-19 who might benefit from mechanical ventilation.

Design: Longitudinal, multicenter study.

Esophageal perforation: diagnosis, management and decision-making - a retrospective tertiary centre study.

Objectives: Perforation of the esophagus is an extremely rare but life-threatening emergency associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, time-management is of utmost importance and it is crucial to have an algorithm for diagnostic methods and the subsequent decision-making process.

Material And Methods: All patients who were diagnosed with an esophageal perforation between 2010 and 2020 at our university hospital were ret- rospectively analysed.

Modeling Users' Cognitive Performance Using Digital Pen Features.

Digital pen features model characteristics of sketches and user behavior, and can be used for various supervised machine learning (ML) applications, such as multi-stroke sketch recognition and user modeling. In this work, we use a state-of-the-art set of more than 170 digital pen features, which we implement and make publicly available. The feature set is evaluated in the use case of analyzing paper-pencil-based neurocognitive assessments in the medical domain.

Sublexical cues affect degraded speech processing: insights from fMRI.

In natural listening situations, speech perception is often impaired by degraded speech sounds arriving at the ear. Contextual speech information can improve the perception of degraded speech and modify neuronal responses elicited by degraded speech. However, most studies on context effects on neural responses to degraded speech confounded lexico-semantic and sublexical cues.

TATL: Task agnostic transfer learning for skin attributes detection.

Existing skin attributes detection methods usually initialize with a pre-trained Imagenet network and then fine-tune on a medical target task. However, we argue that such approaches are suboptimal because medical datasets are largely different from ImageNet and often contain limited training samples. In this work, we propose Task Agnostic Transfer Learning (TATL), a novel framework motivated by dermatologists' behaviors in the skincare context.

Investigating the Usability of a Head-Mounted Display Augmented Reality Device in Elementary School Children.

Augmenting reality via head-mounted displays (HMD-AR) is an emerging technology in education. The interactivity provided by HMD-AR devices is particularly promising for learning, but presents a challenge to human activity recognition, especially with children. Recent technological advances regarding speech and gesture recognition concerning Microsoft's HoloLens 2 may address this prevailing issue.

Aortic Root Replacement for Destructive Endocarditis - Clinic and Microbiology.

Introduction: Destructive aortic root endocarditis is associated with high mortality rates. The objective of this article was to characterize the clinical and microbiological profiles of these patients, especially concerning an already implanted aortic valve prosthesis. We also focused on prognostic factors.