Revealing gaps in marine evidence with a natural capital lens.

The natural capital concept positions the natural environment as an asset, crucial for the flow of goods and benefits to humanity. There is a growing trend in applying this concept in marine environmental management in the United Kingdom (UK). This study evaluates six varied marine decisions across England, Scotland and Wales.

Factors Influencing the Care and Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Scoping Review.

Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to explore the experiences of patients' and healthcare practitioners on the factors that influence the care and management of diabetes-related foot ulcers (DFUs).

Methods: Levac et al's 6-stage framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis extension for scoping reviews, guided the review. The SPIDER tool was used to define key elements of the review question.

Leveraging artificial intelligence for better translation of fibre-based pharmaceutical systems into real-world benefits.

The increasing prominence of biologics in the pharmaceutical market requires more advanced delivery systems to deliver these delicate and complex drug molecules for better therapeutic outcomes. Fibre technology has emerged as a promising approach for creating controlled and targeted drug delivery systems. Fibre-based drug delivery systems offer unprecedented opportunities for improving drug administration, fine-tuning release profiles, and advancing the realm of personalized medicine.

A Review of Patient Bed Sensors for Monitoring of Vital Signs.

The analysis of biomedical signals is a very challenging task. This review paper is focused on the presentation of various methods where biomedical data, in particular vital signs, could be monitored using sensors mounted to beds. The presented methods to monitor vital signs include those combined with optical fibers, camera systems, pressure sensors, or other sensors, which may provide more efficient patient bed monitoring results.

Health Related Quality of life Amongst Refugees: A meta Analysis of Studies Using the SF-36.

The health of refugees has been widely documented, as has the impact of a range of factors throughout the migration journey from being exposed to violence to the impacts of immigration detention. This study adds to our understanding of health-related quality of life amongst refugees and asylum seekers by evaluating health-related quality of life as measured by the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey using meta-analysis. The aims of this study were to (1) provide a summary and overview of health-related quality of life (as measured by the SF-36), including the extent to which this varies and (2) explore the factors that influence health-related quality of life (as measured by the SF-36) amongst refugees and asylum seekers.

Access to maternal health services for Indigenous women in low- and middle-income countries: an updated integrative review of the literature from 2018 to 2023.

Introduction: Ninety-seven per cent of Indigenous Peoples live in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). A previous systematic integrative review of articles published between 2000 and 2017 identified numerous barriers for Indigenous women in LMICs in accessing maternal healthcare services. It is timely given the aim of achieving Universal Health Coverage in six years' time, by 2030, to undertake another review.

Effectiveness of a web-enabled psychoeducational resource for postpartum depression and anxiety among women in British Columbia.

Purpose: Postpartum depression (PPD) and anxiety (PPA) affect nearly one-quarter (23%) of women in Canada. eHealth is a promising solution for increasing access to postpartum mental healthcare. However, a user-centered approach is not routinely taken in the development of web-enabled resources, leaving postpartum women out of critical decision-making processes.

Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes in People Living with Severe Mental Illness: Results of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: People with serious mental illnesses (SMIs) such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder die up to 30 years younger than individuals in the general population. Premature mortality among this population is often due to medical comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Being a disease directly related to diet, adverse lifestyle choices, and side effects of psychotropic medication, an effective approach to T2D treatment and management could be non-pharmacological interventions.

Evidence for a competitive relationship between executive functions and statistical learning.

The ability of the brain to extract patterns from the environment and predict future events, known as statistical learning, has been proposed to interact in a competitive manner with prefrontal lobe-related networks and their characteristic cognitive or executive functions. However, it remains unclear whether these cognitive functions also possess a competitive relationship with implicit statistical learning across individuals and at the level of latent executive function components. In order to address this currently unknown aspect, we investigated, in two independent experiments (N = 186, N = 157), the relationship between implicit statistical learning, measured by the Alternating Serial Reaction Time task, and executive functions, measured by multiple neuropsychological tests.

A Systematic Review of Educational Interventions for Informal Caregivers of People Living with Dementia in Low and Middle-Income Countries.

With the increasing prevalence of dementia worldwide, there is a growing need for an integrated approach to dementia care. Little is known at present about the benefits of educational interventions for informal caregivers of people living with dementia (PLWD) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This review aimed to identify and synthesise the current research on these interventions.

Social support and mental well-being among people with and without chronic illness during the Covid-19 pandemic: evidence from the longitudinal UCL covid survey.

Purpose: An immediate research priority recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic is well-being among some of our most vulnerable-people with chronic illness. We studied how mental health changed among people with and without chronic illness throughout the pandemic and the mediating role of social support.

Methods: We used the 3-waves of COVID-19 survey within the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS, age 19, N = 5522) and MCS Parent (MCSP, age > > 19, N = 7479) samples, with additional pre-pandemic measures of some outcomes and exposure.

Review of the application of the most current sophisticated image processing methods for the skin cancer diagnostics purposes.

This paper presents the most current and innovative solutions applying modern digital image processing methods for the purpose of skin cancer diagnostics. Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancers. It is said that in the USA only, one in five people will develop skin cancer and this trend is constantly increasing.

A systematic review of behaviour change interventions to improve maternal health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa.

The rate of decline in the global burden of avoidable maternal deaths has stagnated and remains an issue of concern in many sub-Saharan Africa countries. As per the most recent evidence, an average maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of 223 deaths per 100,000 live births has been estimated globally, with sub-Saharan Africa's average MMR at 536 per 100,000 live births-more than twice the global average. Despite the high MMR, there is variation in MMR between and within sub-Saharan Africa countries.

Investigating the Feasibility, Acceptability, and Impact of a Brief Dementia Awareness for Caregivers (DAC) Course: A Mixed Methods Study.

Aim: Informal caregivers are vital in assisting people with dementia. However, this role can significantly impact caregivers' lives and interventions to support them are crucial. This study aimed to develop a United Kingdom version of the Dementia Awareness for Caregivers (DAC) course and to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and impact of delivering the course online to informal dementia caregivers.

Supporting effective shared decision-making in surgical context: Why framing of choices matters for high-risk patients and clinicians.

Aim: In the context of high-risk surgery, shared decision-making (SDM) is important. However, the effectiveness of SDM can be hindered by misalignment between patients and clinicians in their expectations of postoperative outcomes. This study investigated the extent and the effects of this misalignment, as well as its amenability to interventions that encourage perspective-taking.

Communication between healthcare providers and communicatively-vulnerable patients with associated health outcomes: A scoping review of knowledge syntheses.

Objective: Summarize literature on provider-patient communication linked to health outcomes in communicatively-vulnerable patient populations.

Methods: Scoping review of reviews: systematically searched six databases.

Inclusion Criteria: systematic searches and syntheses of literature; one or more providers and communicatively-vulnerable patients; synchronous in-person communication; intermediate or health outcome linked to communication.

Anxiety Disorders in Athletes.

Athletes and non-athletes experience many anxiety-related symptoms and disorders at comparable rates. Contributory factors may include pressure to perform, public scrutiny, sporting career dissatisfaction, injury, and harassment and abuse in sport. Anxiety may negatively impact sport performance.

The Epidemiology of Mental Health Symptoms and Disorders Among Elite Athletes and the Evolution of Mental Health Literacy.

Within elite sport, epidemiological evidence is needed concerning the incidence and prevalence of mental health symptoms and disorders in relation to athlete demographic factors such as (dis)ability, race, ethnicity, sexual orientations, and different genders. Mental health promotion campaigns are often based on mental health literacy strategies. Such strategies aim to increase knowledge of mental health symptoms and disorders, address aspects of self- and public stigma, and promote help-seeking behaviors.

Resistance and the delivery of healthcare in Australian immigration detention centres.

There are few issues that have been as vexing for the Australian healthcare community as the Australian governments policy of mandatory, indefinite, immigration detention. While many concepts have been used to begin to describe the many dilemmas faced by healthcare professionals and their resolution, they are limited, perhaps most fundamentally by the fact that immigration detention is antithetical to health and wellbeing. Furthermore, and while most advice recognises that the abolition of detention is the only option in overcoming these issues, it provides little guidance on how action within detention could contribute to this.

Flow-controlled versus pressure-controlled ventilation in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass - A single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Study Objective: Multifactorial comparison of flow-controlled ventilation (FCV) to standard of pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) in terms of oxygenation in cardiac surgery patients after chest closure.

Design: Prospective, non-blinded, randomized, controlled trial.

Setting: Operating theatre at an university hospital, Austria.

Everyday Resistance in the U.K.'s National Health Service.

Resistance is a concept understudied in the context of health and healthcare. This is in part because visible forms of social protest are sometimes understood as incongruent with professional identity, leading healthcare workers to separate their visible actions from their working life. Resistance takes many forms, however, and focusing exclusively on the visible means more subtle forms of everyday resistance are likely to be missed.

This is your brain on death: a comparative analysis of a near-death experience and subsequent 5-Methoxy-DMT experience.

Introduction: Much research has focused on the modeling of the near-death experience (NDE) by classical and atypical psychedelics; however, to date, no study has reported on the relationship between the NDE and the experience induced by the highly potent, endogenous psychedelic drug 5-Methoxy-DMT (5MeO-DMT). This article presents a case study of an individual who is popularly documented to have had a profound near-death experience while in a coma caused by bacterial meningoencephalitis. Additionally, the individual also subsequently underwent an experience with 5MeO-DMT.

Prevalence, indications, and complications of caesarean section in health facilities across Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Over 80,000 pregnant women died in Nigeria due to pregnancy-related complications in 2020. Evidence shows that if appropriately conducted, caesarean section (CS) reduces the odds of maternal death. In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO), in a statement, proposed an optimal national prevalence of CS and recommended the use of Robson classification for classifying and determining intra-facility CS rates.

Nostalgic intergroup contact and intergroup relations:Theoretical, empirical, and applied dimensions.

Recent research has highlighted the potential of nostalgic recall of intergroup contact as a means of enhancing intergroup relationships and tackling prejudice. In this article, we review the scarce but promising literature that integrates research on nostalgia and intergroup contact. We outline the mechanisms that explain the link between nostalgic intergroup encounters and improved intergroup attitudes and behavior.