Image-to-mesh conversion method for multi-tissue medical image computing simulations.

Converting a three-dimensional medical image into a 3D mesh that satisfies both the quality and fidelity constraints of predictive simulations and image-guided surgical procedures remains a critical problem. Presented is an image-to-mesh conversion method called CBC3D. It first discretizes a segmented image by generating an adaptive Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) mesh of high-quality elements.

Abalones at risk: A global Red List assessment of Haliotis in a changing climate.

There is increasing awareness that marine invertebrates such as abalones are at risk from the combined stressors of fishing and climate change. Abalones are an important marine fishery resource and of cultural importance to Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. A highly priced marine delicacy, they are inherently vulnerable: individuals are slow-growing and long-lived and successful reproduction requires dense assemblages.

An Examination of Protective Factors for Bisexual Stigma and Alcohol Use among Heavy Drinking Young Bisexual Women.

Bisexual women are an at-risk population for hazardous drinking. One factor contributing to their risk is binegativity (discrimination from heterosexual and lesbian/gay communities). Research has found a positive association between binegativity and alcohol use, but few studies have explored protective factors (bisexual identity affirmation, connectedness to bisexual community) that may buffer this relationship.

Utilizing network analysis to identify core items of quality of life for children with autism spectrum disorder.

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an ultra-short scale called the Quality of Life for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder 3 (QOLASD-C3) from the full 16-item QOLASD-C scale. We first used network analysis to identify three core items to be retained on the QOLASD-C3 scale. Second, we used Cronbach's alpha and Pearson Product Moment correlations to determine the reliability and validity of the scale.

Telehealth in emergency medicine residency training: A model curriculum.

Emergency physicians are well-positioned to take a leadership role in telehealth, particularly in emerging categories such as triage, direct acute unscheduled care, and virtual observation. However, the growth of telehealth has outpaced curricular development in emergency medicine (EM) residency programs. This manuscript presents a model longitudinal telehealth curriculum, developed by the consensus of education experts, including representatives from the telehealth interest groups from EM's two primary specialty societies: the American College of Emergency Physicians and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.

Battling time restrictions with collective discourse: collaborative quizzes in a condensed human anatomy course.

Background: Undergraduate medical education is currently undergoing a remarkable period of transformation. The exponential growth of medical knowledge, accompanied by societal changes and expectations for the upcoming generation of physicians, is placing immense pressure on academic institutions to reform their curricula, particularly foundational courses such as human anatomy. Consequently, instructors are grappling with the challenge of striking a balance between a new curriculum and maintaining the time-honored benchmarks of medical education.

"1-800-Help-Me-With-Open-Science-Stuff": A Qualitative Examination of Open Science Practices in Communication Sciences and Disorders.

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the perceptions of communication sciences and disorders (CSD) assistant professors in the United States related to barriers and facilitators to engaging in open science practices and identify opportunities for improving open science training and support in the field.

Method: Thirty-five assistant professors (16 from very high research activity [R1] institutions, 19 from institutions with other Carnegie classifications) participated in one 1-hr virtual focus group conducted via Zoom recording technology. The researchers used a conventional content analysis approach to analyze the focus group data and develop categories from the discussions.

Assessing technology usage in relation to the quality of life of autistic children.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and duration of technology use by autistic children, their primary activities when engaging with technology, and the association between technology use and quality of life. We assumed that technology serves as a means of communication with peers, and it is associated with an improved quality of life.

Methods: The study sample consisted of 61 parents of autistic children aged 5-10 years old.

Fat-Free Mass Is Positively Associated With Urine Specific Gravity in Athletes and Active Adults: A Quantitative Review.

Urine specific gravity (USG) is a commonly used assessment method to estimate the prevalence of hypohydration, typically based on a common threshold of ≥ 1.020. Some research has shown that USG can vary based on body size and composition, but the evidence to date is limited.

A decision-space model explains context-specific decision-making.

Optimal decision-making requires consideration of internal and external contexts. Biased decision-making is a transdiagnostic symptom of neuropsychiatric disorders. We created a computational model demonstrating how the striosome compartment of the striatum constructs a context-dependent mathematical space for decision-making computations, and how the matrix compartment uses this space to define action value.

Enhancing risk and crisis communication with computational methods: A systematic literature review.

Recent developments in risk and crisis communication (RCC) research combine social science theory and data science tools to construct effective risk messages efficiently. However, current systematic literature reviews (SLRs) on RCC primarily focus on computationally assessing message efficacy as opposed to message efficiency. We conduct an SLR to highlight any current computational methods that improve message construction efficacy and efficiency.

Linking 24-hour movement behaviour guidelines to core symptoms and school engagement of youth with moderate/severe ADHD.

Background: The independent associations of physical activity (PA), sleep duration (SL), and screen time (ST) with health outcome measures have been well-documented among children and adolescents, but not in youth with moderate/severe ADHD. To this end, the present study aimed to investigate the associations between three components within 24-hour movement behaviour (24-HMB) framework and core symptoms and school engagement in youth with moderate/severe ADHD.

Methods: This study used pooled data from the 2021-2022 U.

Photoluminescence Switching in Quantum Dots Connected with Carboxylic Acid and Thiocarboxylic Acid End-Group Diarylethene Molecules.

We contrast the switching of photoluminescence (PL) of PbS quantum dots (QDs) cross-linked with photochromic diarylethene molecules with different end groups, 4,4'-(1-cyclopentene-1,2-diyl)bis[5-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid] () and 4,4'-(1-cyclopentene-1,2-diyl)bis[5-methyl-2-thiophenethiocarboxylic acid] (). Our results show that the QDs cross-linked with the carboxylic acid end group molecules () exhibit a greater amount of switching in photoluminescence intensity compared to QDs cross-linked with the thiocarboxylic acid end group (). We also demonstrate that regardless of the molecule used, greater switching amounts are observed for smaller quantum dots.

AI and ML-based risk assessment of chemicals: predicting carcinogenic risk from chemical-induced genomic instability.

Chemical risk assessment plays a pivotal role in safeguarding public health and environmental safety by evaluating the potential hazards and risks associated with chemical exposures. In recent years, the convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and omics technologies has revolutionized the field of chemical risk assessment, offering new insights into toxicity mechanisms, predictive modeling, and risk management strategies. This perspective review explores the synergistic potential of AI/ML and omics in deciphering clastogen-induced genomic instability for carcinogenic risk prediction.

Synthesis of Bis-Thioacid Derivatives of Diarylethene and Their Photochromic Properties.

Diarylethenes (DAEs) are an important class of photoswitchable compounds that typically undergo reversible photochemical conversions between the open and closed cyclized forms upon treatment with UV light or visible light. In this study, we introduced thioacid functional groups to several photochromic dithienylethene (DTE) derivatives and established a method that can be used to prepare these photoswitchable thioacids. Four thioacid-functionalized diarylethene derivatives were synthesized through the activation of carboxylic acids with -hydroxysuccinimide, followed by reactions with sodium hydrosulfide with yields over 90%.

Quantum Monte Carlo Calculations of Magnetic Form Factors in Light Nuclei.

We present quantum Monte Carlo calculations of magnetic form factors in A=6-10 nuclei, based on Norfolk two- and three-nucleon interactions, and associated one- and two-body electromagnetic currents. Agreement with the available experimental data for ^{6}Li, ^{7}Li, ^{9}Be, and ^{10}B up to values of momentum transfer q∼3  fm^{-1} is achieved when two-nucleon currents are accounted for. We present a set of predictions for the magnetic form factors of ^{7}Be, ^{8}Li, ^{9}Li, and ^{9}C.

Temporal shifts in safety states through the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from hidden semi-Markov models.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted transportation safety, with an increase in risky driving behaviors observed during the initial lockdown period, leading to a higher likelihood of severe crashes. However, there is limited research on the post-pandemic effects on driving behaviors and safety. This study addresses this gap by analyzing open data from the state of Virginia to examine shifts in safety states from 2016 to 2024, covering the pre-, during-, and post-pandemic periods.

Prototype Specificity Matters When Predicting Later Alcohol-Related Content Posting and Alcohol Use Among Adolescent and Young Adults.

: Drinking prototypes (i.e., images of the type of individual who engages in specific alcohol use behaviors) are associated with alcohol use, with self-identified similarity to the prototype possibly driving this connection more than one's favorability of the prototype.

Efficacy of 3D-printed chitosan‑cerium oxide dressings coated with vancomycin-loaded alginate for chronic wounds management.

Multifunctional wound dressings with antibacterial and antioxidant properties hold significant promise for treating chronic wounds; however, achieving a balance of these characteristics while maintaining biocompatibility is challenging. To enhance this balance, this study focuses on the design and development of 3D-printed chitosan-matrix composite scaffolds, which are incorporated with varying amounts of cerium oxide nanoparticles (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt%) and subsequently coated with a vancomycin-loaded alginate layer. The structure, antibiotic drug delivery kinetics, biodegradation, swelling, biocompatibility, antibacterial, antioxidant, and cell migration behaviors of the fabricated dressings were evaluated in-vitro.