Alloimmunization in β-Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease in Middle Eastern Countries: A Systemic Review.

Sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia are important health problems in Middle Eastern countries. Transfusion is the cornerstone of the management in these disorders, and red blood cell alloimmunization is among the well-recognized adverse effects associated with it. We reviewed the literature on published studies on alloimmunization prevalence, its associated risk factors, and transfusion policies employed in these countries.

Epicardial cryoablation during cardiopulmonary bypass in a pig survival model.

Objective: Atrial cryolesions usually are created from the endocardium with the heart arrested. Some cardiac surgeons have used cryoablation epicardially during cardiopulmonary bypass, which is convenient because it does not require an incision into the atrial wall. We analyzed the transmurality of epicardial cryoablations created during cardiopulmonary bypass in an arrested heart 30 days after ablation.

Representative national survey on drug use during the COVID-19 stay-at-home order in the USA.

Objectives: This study explores the drug use behaviour in the US general population in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic with a focus on the relationship between sociopsychological factors, mobility restrictions from March to June 2020 and mental health conditions.

Design: A retrospective anonymous online survey representing a cross-section of the US population in 2020.

Setting: A qualified panel of 500 000 Qualtrics participants stratified by gender, race, age and geographical region to represent the US population.

Modeling crash avoidance behaviors in vehicle-pedestrian near-miss scenarios: Curvilinear time-to-collision and Mamba-driven deep reinforcement learning.

Interactions between vehicle-pedestrian at intersections often lead to safety-critical situations. This study aims to model the crash avoidance behaviors of vehicles during interactions with pedestrians in near-miss scenarios, contributing to the development of collision avoidance systems and safety-aware traffic simulations. Unmanned aerial vehicles were leveraged to collect high-resolution trajectory data of vehicle-pedestrian at urban intersections.

Arthroscopic Inlay Biceps Tenodesis Using a Tendon-Docking Anchor.

Pathology of the long head of the biceps tendon can be treated surgically with a multitude of tenodesis techniques; however, there is a lack of consensus on which technique provides the most optimal outcomes. Commonly used methods include inlay tenodesis with a bone tunnel and interference screw construct and onlay tenodesis with anchors or unicortical buttons. Although current methods typically provide satisfactory outcomes, many surgeons believe complications and failure rates remain suboptimal across techniques.

Neurotensin Regulates Primate Ovulation Via Multiple Neurotensin Receptors.

Neurotensin (NTS), a small neuropeptide, was recently established as a key paracrine mediator of ovulation. NTS mRNA is highly expressed by granulosa cells in response to the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, and multiple NTS receptors are expressed by cells of the ovulatory follicle. To identify the role of NTS receptors NTSR1 and SORT1 in ovulation in vivo, the dominant follicle of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) was injected with either vehicle control, the general NTS receptor antagonist SR142948, the NTSR1-selective antagonist SR48692, or the SORT1-selective antagonist AF38469.

Optimizing RhD Immune Globulin Use in Pregnancy.

The global shortage of RhD immune globulin, formally acknowledged by the Food and Drug Administration in 2023, is ongoing but has improved in recent months. This shortage prompted the need to re-evaluate prevention strategies for hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) due to RhD incompatibility. In response, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) issued guidance in March 2024 on alternative strategies to conserve RhD immune globulin supplies.

Efficacy and safety of twice per year depemokimab in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ANCHOR-1 and ANCHOR-2): phase 3, randomised, double-blind, parallel trials.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) symptoms are frequently driven by type 2 inflammation. Depemokimab is the first ultra-long-acting biological drug engineered with enhanced interleukin-5 binding affinity, high potency, and an extended half-life, enabling twice per year dosing and sustained type 2 inflammation inhibition. The ANCHOR-1 and ANCHOR-2 trials investigated the efficacy and safety of depemokimab in people with CRSwNP.

Antiangiogenic therapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade in urothelial cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Antiangiogenic therapy had been tested in urothelial cancer (UC) without reaching the clinic.

Objective: We provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of trials to assess efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) combined with antiangiogenic agents in UC.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched for trials with at least one arm of patients with UC treated with ICI plus antiangiogenics.

Planarian as an Animal Model for Experimental Acute Seizure.

Epilepsy is among the most prevalent neurological disorders characterized by recurring spontaneous seizures. Seizures represent a clinical manifestation of uncontrolled, excessively synchronized neural cell activity. The extent of brain damage from seizures depends on their duration and intensity.

3D bioprinting technology innovation in female reproductive system.

Several diseases affect the female reproductive system, and both disease factors and treatments impact its integrity and function. Consequently, understanding the mechanisms of disease occurrence and exploring treatment methods are key research focuses in obstetrics and gynecology. However, constructing accurate disease models requires a microenvironment closely resembling the human body, and current animal models and 2D in vitro cell models fall short in this regard.

Using Mindfulness to Manage Moral Injury in Veterans: Feasibility and Satisfaction of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: The present study assessed program feasibility and satisfaction among recent-era veterans who participated in Mindfulness to Manage Moral Injury (MMMI), a live facilitated web-based 7-week mindfulness-based program targeting moral injury among veterans.

Method: In total, 56 post-9/11 veterans were recruited with 28 randomized to the MMMI condition and 28 to the Education and Support (ES) condition. Most participants identified as being White (71.

Cannabinoid-2 Receptor Activation Attenuates Sulfur Mustard Analog 2-Chloroethyl-Ethyl-Sulfide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice.

Exposure to sulfur mustard (SM; 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide) causes toxicity in the human body, particularly the lungs. The molecular mechanisms of SM-induced lung damage are elusive, and no effective treatments exist. This study explores the anti-inflammatory potential of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) activation in mitigating acute lung injury (ALI) and inflammation induced by 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a structural analog of SM.

Heterogeneous Clustering of Multiomics Data for Breast Cancer Subgroup Classification and Detection.

The rapid growth of diverse -omics datasets has made multiomics data integration crucial in cancer research. This study adapts the expectation-maximization routine for the joint latent variable modeling of multiomics patient profiles. By combining this approach with traditional biological feature selection methods, this study optimizes latent distribution, enabling efficient patient clustering from well-studied cancer types with reduced computational expense.

The effects of the image attributes of golf star athletes supported by adult amateur golfers on sports participation desire and continuation intention.

The image attributes of sports star athletes demonstrate positive effects on sports fans' psychological factors. In the context of golf, fans are also influenced by the players they support, experiencing a range of emotions. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of the image attributes of golf star athletes-supported by adult amateur golfers-on the desire for sports participation and the intention to continue.

Exploring Help-Seeking Behaviors among Black Sexual Minority Cisgender Women in Late Adolescence: The Role of Abuse Experiences.

Sexual minority youth (e.g., lesbian, queer, bisexual) encounter higher rates of abuse compared to their heterosexual peers.

Poly(A)-Selected Intergenic Transcripts in In Vivo Developed Bovine Oocytes and Pre-Implantation Embryos.

Intergenic transcription, either failure to terminate at the transcription end site (TES), or transcription initiation at other intergenic regions, is present in cultured cells and enhanced in the presence of stressors such as viral infection. Such intergenic transcription has not been characterized in natural biological samples such as pre-implantation embryos which express more than 10,000 genes and undergo drastic changes in DNA methylation. Using Automatic Readthrough Transcription Detection (ARTDeco) and poly(A)-selected RNA-seq libraries from in vivo developed bovine oocytes and embryos, we found abundant intergenic transcripts that we termed as read-outs (transcribed from 5 to 15 kb after TES) and read-ins (transcribed 1 kb upstream of reference genes, extending up to 15 kb upstream).

From a Health and Safety Lens: Voice-Related Concerns of Sporting, Fitness, and Wellness Leaders.

Objective: This study aimed to survey conditions, behaviors, and beliefs surrounding occupational voice use in fitness professionals, including the exploration of workplace factors that could be modified following principles of risk mitigation.

Methods: Individuals who instructed or led others in physical activity were eligible for this study. Recruitment was conducted through professional networks and social media.

Driving factors of TOC concentrations in four different types of estuaries (canal, urban, agricultural, and natural estuaries) identified by machine learning technique.

Mangroves are among the most significant organic carbon sinks on Earth. However, the drivers of mangrove carbon remain poorly understood due to the lack of data on organic carbon across different types of estuaries. In this study, boosted regression tree (BRT) was used to relate Total Organic Carbon (TOC) concentrations to explanatory variables describing water quality, nutrients, and meteorological characteristics of four estuaries in southwest Florida, USA.