The Effects of Hospital Delivery Volume and Travel Time on Perinatal Mortality and Delivery in Transit: Causal Inference with Triangulation.

Background: Hospital regionalization involves balancing hospital volume and travel time. We investigated how hospital volume and travel time affect perinatal mortality and the risk of delivery in transit using three different study designs.

Methods: This nationwide cohort study used data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (1999-2016) and Statistics Norway.

Individualized developmental care interventions for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of individualized developmental care interventions for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants.

Combined Proteasome and Autophagy Inhibition in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma-A Phase I Trial of Hydroxychloroquine, Carfilzomib, and Dexamethasone.

Multiple myeloma is characterized by malignant cells which produce high amounts of monoclonal immunoglobulin. Myeloma cells are, therefore, dependent on effective protein degradation. Proteasomal protein degradation is targeted by proteasome inhibitors in routine care.

Incorporating Spatial and Spectral Saturation Modules Into MR Fingerprinting.

In this work, we introduce spatial and chemical saturation options for artefact reduction in magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) and assess their impact on T and T mapping accuracy. An existing radial MRF pulse sequence was modified to enable spatial and chemical saturation. Phantom experiments were performed to demonstrate flow artefact reduction and evaluate the accuracy of the T and T maps.

Regional Image Quality Scoring for 2-D Echocardiography Using Deep Learning.

Objective: To develop and compare methods to automatically estimate regional ultrasound image quality for echocardiography separate from view correctness.

Methods: Three methods for estimating image quality were developed: (i) classic pixel-based metric: the generalized contrast-to-noise ratio (gCNR), computed on myocardial segments (region of interest) and left ventricle lumen (background), extracted by a U-Net segmentation model; (ii) local image coherence: the average local coherence as predicted by a U-Net model that predicts image coherence from B-mode ultrasound images at the pixel level; (iii) deep convolutional network: an end-to-end deep-learning model that predicts the quality of each region in the image directly. These methods were evaluated against manual regional quality annotations provided by three experienced cardiologists.

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia across the spectrum of alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Insomnia is prevalent among patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD), potentially undermining treatment and increasing the risk of relapse. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the recommended first-line treatment for insomnia, but its efficacy is not well-characterized in patients across the spectrum of AUD. The aim of this meta-analysis was to quantify the effectiveness of CBT-I in improving insomnia severity and alcohol-related outcomes in adults with heavy alcohol use and/or varying levels of AUD severity and comorbid insomnia.

Impact of Time-Restricted Eating and High-Intensity Exercise on Nutrient Intake in Women with Overweight/Obesity: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background/objectives: Inadequate micronutrient intakes are common in individuals with overweight/obesityand can exacerbate cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk. Diet and exercise are primary strategies for managing overweight and may influence nutrient intakes. In this secondary analysis of dietary data collected in a randomized controlled trial (RCT, ClinicalTrials.

A New Deep Learning-Based Method for Automated Identification of Thoracic Lymph Node Stations in Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS): A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a cornerstone in minimally invasive thoracic lymph node sampling. In lung cancer staging, precise assessment of lymph node position is crucial for clinical decision-making. This study aimed to demonstrate a new deep learning method to classify thoracic lymph nodes based on their anatomical location using EBUS images.

Changes in health related quality of life in mothers with inflammatory joint disease from year 2000 to 2020 - a comparative cross-sectional study.

Objectives: More knowledge about health related quality of life (HRQoL) among mothers with inflammatory joint disease (IJD) is needed to understand the complex challenges for this group of patients. The overall aim of this study was to investigate changes in HRQoL among mothers with IJD from year 2000 to year 2020.

Methods: This study had a comparative cross-sectional design with two study groups 20 years apart, year 2000 ( = 77) and year 2020 ( = 197).

Genomics yields biological and phenotypic insights into bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. Despite high heritability (60-80%), the majority of the underlying genetic determinants remain unknown. We analysed data from participants of European, East Asian, African American and Latino ancestries (n = 158,036 cases with bipolar disorder, 2.

Synergistic combination of orally available safe-in-man pleconaril, AG7404, and mindeudesivir inhibits enterovirus infections in human cell and organoid cultures.

Enteroviruses can infect various human organs, causing diseases such as meningitis, the common cold, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, myocarditis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, poliomyelitis, sepsis, and type 1 diabetes. Currently, there are no approved treatments for enterovirus infections. In this study, we identified a synergistic combination of orally available, safe-in-man pleconaril, AG7404, and mindeudesivir, that at non-toxic concentrations effectively inhibited enterovirus replication in human cell and organoid cultures.

Corrigendum: Health-related quality of life in children born preterm at school age: the mediating role of social support and maternal stress.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.

Association between adolescent obesity and early adulthood healthcare utilization-a two-cohort prospective study.

Background: Pediatric obesity is a growing global health challenge, with long-term implications for individuals and healthcare systems. Existing studies on the association between pediatric obesity and healthcare use in adulthood are limited and often rely on mathematical simulation models. This study aims to provide real-world data on the impact of adolescent obesity on specialized healthcare utilization and costs in early adulthood.

Development of a 3D cephalometric index to grade severity of dentofacial deformity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

This investigation aimed to develop a radiographic 3D cephalometric index to grade severity of dentofacial deformity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and to perform a validation against expert evaluations. Data were collected from a population-based Nordic JIA cohort of 240 patients that received a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan approximately 17 years after onset of JIA. The cohort was randomized into two groups: A baseline group for establishing the index (n = 210) and a test group (n = 30).

Evaluating the impact of COVID-19 protection measures and staff absence on radiotherapy practice: A simulation study.

Background: Radiotherapy practice for cancer treatment is resource-intensive and demands optimised processes for patient throughput while guaranteeing the quality and safety of the therapy. With the COVID-19 pandemic, ad-hoc changes in the operation of radiotherapy centres became necessary to protect patients and staff. This simulation study aimed to quantify the impact of designated COVID-19 protection measures and pandemic-related staff absence on patient waiting times and throughput.

Cytotoxic mechanisms of pemetrexed and HDAC inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer cells involving ribonucleotides in DNA.

The cytotoxic mechanisms of thymidylate synthase inhibitors, such as the multitarget antifolate pemetrexed, are not yet fully understood. Emerging evidence indicates that combining pemetrexed with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) may enhance therapeutic efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To explore this further, A549 NSCLC cells were treated with various combinations of pemetrexed and the HDACi MS275 (Entinostat), and subsequently assessed for cell viability, cell cycle changes, and genotoxic markers.

Insights into Chronic Low Back Pain Etiology: Population-based genome-wide Association Study Identifies 18 Risk Loci.

Study Design: Genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis with downstream analyses.

Objective: To explore the genetic architecture of chronic low back pain (cLBP) and identify underlying biological mechanisms that contribute to its development.

Summary Of Background Data: Chronic low back pain is prevalent and debilitating, with many cases having no identifiable biological cause.

Definition and developmental goals for Nordic emergency medicine.

Although Emergency Medicine is now globally an established specialty, the Nordic countries have been relatively slow to implement it into their health care systems. To facilitate the development of EM in the Nordic area, a working group was formed with representation from all national EM societies; DASEM (Danish Society for Emergency Medicine), FiSEM (Finnish Society of Emergency Medicine), ISEM (Icelandic Society for Emergency Medicine), NCEM (Norwegian College of Emergency Medicine), and SWESEM (Swedish Society for Emergency Medicine). This group was tasked with creating a Nordic EM manifesto-to create a definition and developmental goals for Nordic Emergency Medicine.

Uromodulin and Risk of Upper Urinary Tract Infections: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Rationale & Objective: Observational studies suggest that uromodulin, produced by the kidneys, is associated with a reduced the risk of upper urinary tract infections, but inferences are limited by potential confounding factors. This study sought to explore further the validity of this association using Mendelian randomization.

Study Design: Two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Associations Between Patient-Reported Nutritional Status, Toxicity, and Survival in Limited-Stage SCLC.

Introduction: In general, malnutrition is associated with more treatment toxicity and shorter survival in patients with cancer, but little is known about its impact on limited-stage (LS) SCLC. We investigated whether nutritional status and weight loss were associated with treatment outcomes in a randomized trial of thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) in LS SCLC (NCT02041845, N = 170).

Methods: Patients received platinum-etoposide-chemotherapy and were randomized to receive TRT of 60 Gy in 40 fractions or 45 Gy in 30 fractions.

Incidence and prevalence of traumatic and non-traumatic wounds and burns and access to wound care in Sierra Leone; data from a nationwide household survey (PRESSCO) 2020.

Objectives: This wound section of the PREvalence Study on Surgical COnditions (PRESSCO) determines the incidence and prevalence of wounds and burns in Sierra Leone. It further describes access to wound care and wound-related healthcare-seeking behaviour.

Methods: Between October 2019 and March 2020, a nationwide cross-sectional household survey was performed.

Elevated High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Risk of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Prospective Population Based Study in The Norwegian HUNT Study.

Objective: Inflammation seems to be crucial in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Previous research links inflammatory biomarkers, such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS-CRP), to AAA. Few studies, however, have used a prospective design.

A reproducibility study on invasion in small pulmonary adenocarcinoma according to the WHO and a modified classification, supported by biomarkers.

Objectives: Evaluating invasion in non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (NMA) of the lung is crucial for accurate pT-staging. This study compares the World Health Organization (WHO) with a recently modified NMA classification.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted on small NMA pT1N0M0 cases with a 5-year follow-up.

High-throughput drug screening identifies SMAC mimetics as enhancers of NK cell cytotoxicity in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Natural killer (NK) cells have proven to be safe and effective immunotherapies, associated with favorable treatment responses in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Augmenting NK cell function with oncological drugs could improve NK cell-based immunotherapies. Here, we used a high-throughput drug screen consisting of over 500 small-molecule compounds to systematically evaluate the effects of oncological drugs on primary NK cells against CML cells.

Exploring associations between the FTO rs9939609 genotype and plasma concentrations of appetite-related hormones in adults with obesity.

Associations between variants in the FTO locus and plasma concentrations of appetite related hormones are inconsistent, and might not work in a dose dependent fashion in people with obesity. Moreover, it is relevant to report meal related plasma concentrations of these hormones in persons with obesity given the growing interest in their pharmacological potential in obesity therapy. We find it clinically relevant to examine associations between the SNP rs9939609 genotypes and homeostatic appetite regulation in individuals with BMI ≥35 kg/m2.