Short-Term Adaptations in Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity and Metabolic Pathways to Breaking up Sedentary Behaviors in Overweight or Obese Adults.

Breaking up sedentary behavior with short-frequent bouts of physical activity (PA) differentially influences metabolic health compared with the performance of a single-continuous bout of PA matched for total active time. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We compared skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration (high-resolution respirometry) and molecular adaptations (RNA sequencing) following 4-day exposure to breaks vs.

High-Frequency Utilization of the PICU.

Objectives: To describe the demographic, clinical, outcome, and cost differences between children with high-frequency PICU admission and those without.

Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting: United States.

Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry Reveals a Novel Binding Region of a Neutralizing Fully Human Monoclonal Antibody to Anthrax Protective Antigen.

Anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) containing protective antigen (PA) is the only FDA-approved anthrax vaccine in the United States. Characterization of the binding of AVA-induced anti-PA human antibodies against the PA antigen after vaccination is crucial to understanding mechanisms of the AVA-elicited humoral immune response. Hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) is often coupled with a short liquid chromatography gradient (e.

The prognostic significance of further genotyping H3G34 diffuse hemispheric gliomas.

Background: H3G34-mutant diffuse hemispheric glioma (DHG) is recognized as a new, distinct entity in the latest World Health Organization classification for central nervous system tumors and is associated with a particularly aggressive course. The authors performed a systematic review and pooled analysis to investigate the frequency of genetic events in these tumors and to determine whether these events were associated with survival trends.

Methods: Two electronic databases were accessed to search for relevant data.

Impact of Community Referral on Colonoscopy Quality Metrics in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

Introduction: The Veterans Access, Choice, and Accountability Act of 2014 expands the number of options veterans have to ensure timely access to high-quality care. There are minimal data currently available analyzing the impact and quality of colonoscopy metrics in veterans receiving procedures within the Department of Veterans' Affairs (VA) vs community settings.

Methods: All patients at our academic VA medical center who were referred to a community care colonoscopy (CCC) for positive fecal immunochemical testing, colorectal cancer screening, and adenoma surveillance from 2015 to 2018 were identified and matched for sex, age, and year of procedure to patients referred for a VA-based colonoscopy (VAC).

The differences in distant metastatic patterns and their corresponding survival between thyroid cancer subtypes.

Introduction: This study aimed to systematically elucidate the metastatic patterns and their corresponding survival of each thyroid cancer subtype at time of diagnosis.

Methods: We accessed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2018 to search for primary thyroid cancers with DM at presentation (M1).

Results: We included 2787 M1 thyroid cancers for statistical analyses and the incidence of DM at presentation was 2.

Adiposity and breast, endometrial, and colorectal cancer risk in postmenopausal women: Quantification of the mediating effects of leptin, C-reactive protein, fasting insulin, and estradiol.

Background: Mechanisms underlying the adiposity-cancer relationship are incompletely understood. We quantified the mediating roles of C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, fasting insulin, and estradiol in the effect of adiposity on estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast, endometrial, and colorectal cancer risk in postmenopausal women.

Methods: We used a case-cohort study within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, analyzed as a cumulative sampling case-control study.

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Incident Heart Failure in the Women's Health Initiative.

Importance: Some prior evidence suggests that adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) may be associated with heart failure (HF). Identifying unique factors associated with the risk of HF and studying HF subtypes are important next steps.

Objective: To investigate the association of APOs with incident HF overall and stratified by HF subtype (preserved vs reduced ejection fraction) among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI).

Incidence, Prognostic Factors, and Survival Trend in Pineal Gland Tumors: A Population-Based Analysis.

Introduction: Pineal gland tumors are exceedingly rare and account for 0.4-1.0% of brain neoplasms.

H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas should be further molecularly stratified: an integrated analysis of 669 patients.

Introduction: H3K27M-mutated diffuse midline gliomas (H3-DMGs) are aggressive tumors with a fatal outcome. This study integrating individual patient data (IPD) from published studies aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of different genetic alterations on survival of these patients.

Methods: We accessed PubMed and Web of Science to search for relevant articles.

Long-term outcomes of primary cardiac malignant tumors: Difference between African American and Caucasian population.

Background: The survival outcome for primary cardiac malignant tumors (PMCTs) based on race has yet to be fully elucidated in previously published literature. This study aimed to address the general long-term outcome and survival rate differences in PMCTs among African Americans and Caucasian populations.

Methods: The 18 cancer registries database from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program from 1975 to 2016 were utilized.

Body Fat Distribution, Cardiometabolic Traits, and Risk of Major Lower-Extremity Arterial Disease in Postmenopausal Women.

Objective: To assess the relationship between body fat distribution and incident lower-extremity arterial disease (LEAD).

Research Design And Methods: We included 155,925 postmenopausal women with anthropometric measures from the Women's Health Initiative who had no known LEAD at recruitment. A subset of 10,894 participants had body composition data quantified by DXA.

Recreational Physical Activity, Sitting, and Androgen Metabolism among Postmenopausal Women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.

Background: Prolonged sitting and physical inactivity are associated with higher circulating levels of estrogens. It is unknown whether these risk factors are associated with circulating androgens/androgen metabolites, another set of hormones implicated in the etiology of cancers in postmenopausal women.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1,782 postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.

Absence of Survival Improvement for Patients with Esthesioneuroblastoma Over the Past 2 Decades: A Population-Based Study.

Objective: Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare malignancy of the sinonasal tract and its infrequency has confounded efforts at clearly describing the survival trends associated with this neoplasm over the years. In this study, we reviewed survival trends in ENB and investigated the impact of treatment extent and modality on patient outcomes.

Methods: We accessed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) program to identify ENB cases from 1998 to 2016.

Distal Promoter-Driven Cre Shows Cell Type-Specific Function in Innate-like T Cells.

Innate-like T cells, including invariant NKT cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and γ δ T (γδT) cells, are groups of unconventional T lymphocytes. They play important roles in the immune system. Because of the lack of Cre recombinase lines that are specific for innate-like T cells, pan-T cell Cre lines are often used to study innate-like T cells.

Primary Versus Secondary Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Perspectives from Multi-institutional and Population-Level Data.

Primary (or de novo) anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is ATC without pre-existing history of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and no co-existing DTC foci at the time of diagnosis. Secondary ATC is diagnosed if the patient had a history of DTC or co-existing DTC components at time of diagnosis. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, clinical presentations, outcomes, and genetic backgrounds of primary versus secondary ATCs.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation and its immune mechanisms.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a syndrome triggered by infectious and noninfectious pathologies characterized by excessive generation of thrombin within the vasculature and widespread proteolytic conversion of fibrinogen. Despite diverse clinical manifestations ranging from thrombo-occlusive damage to bleeding diathesis, DIC etiology commonly involves excessive activation of blood coagulation and overlapping dysregulation of anticoagulants and fibrinolysis. Initiation of blood coagulation follows intravascular expression of tissue factor or activation of the contact pathway in response to pathogen-associated or host-derived, damage-associated molecular patterns.

Incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of meningiomas with distant metastases at presentation.

Background: Distant metastases (DM) at presentation in meningiomas is a very rare event, and the incidence and factors predicting this are uncertain. This population-based study also aimed to investigate the prognostic implication of DM at presentation and clinical parameters to prognosticate the overall survival (OS) of meningiomas presenting with DM (M1).

Methods: We accessed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program to search for patients who were diagnosed with meningioma between 2004 and 2016.

I am Afraid of Lateral Column Lengthening. Should I Be?

Lateral column lengthening has long been used in conjunction with other soft tissue and bony procedures to correct the midforefoot abduction seen in class B progressive collapsing foot deformity. The effectiveness of this osteotomy to restore the physiologic shape of the foot has been used by foot and ankle surgeons around the world to provide functional improvement for patients suffering from this disease. The overall low complication rates, low nonunion rates, and improved radiographic and functional outcomes provided by lateral column lengthening make this a valuable option for the treatment of class B progressive collapsing foot deformity.

The Impact of Adherence to Disease-Modifying Therapies on Functional Outcomes in Veterans with Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Patients who adhere to their DMTs have lower rate of MS-related relapses and disability.

Objective: We sought to determine the adherence rate to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and its impact on functional outcome(s) in veterans with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Method: We reviewed the electronic records of 279 veterans with MS who were periodically followed in our MS clinic.

Outcome Measures Following Critical Illness in Children With Disabilities: A Scoping Review.

Children with disabilities compose a substantial portion of admissions and bed-days in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and often experience readmissions over time. Impacts of a PICU admission on post-discharge health status may be difficult to distinguish from pre-existing disability in this population. Efforts to standardize outcome measures used for children with disabilities may help identify morbidities associated with PICU hospitalizations.

Fever in a paraplegia patient with a pressure ulcer.

The incidence rates of pressure ulcers (PUs) in patients with SCI in the United States varies by clinical setting, ranging from 0.4%-38% in acute care, 2.2%-23.

Cellular Contractility Profiles of Human Diabetic Corneal Stromal Cells.

Diabetic keratopathy is a corneal complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients with diabetic keratopathy are prone to developing corneal haze, scarring, recurrent erosions, and significant wound healing defects/delays. The purpose of this study was to determine the contractility profiles in the diabetic human corneal stromal cells and characterize their molecular signatures.