Stress Triggers Expression of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Infected Cell Protein 4 (bICP4) RNA during Early Stages of Reactivation from Latency in Pharyngeal Tonsil.

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), an important pathogen of cattle, establishes lifelong latency in sensory neurons within trigeminal ganglia (TG) after acute infection. The BoHV-1 latency-reactivation cycle, like other alphaherpesvirinae subfamily members, is essential for viral persistence and transmission. Notably, cells within pharyngeal tonsil (PT) also support a quiescent or latent BoHV-1 infection.

Redundancy in Citrate and -Aconitate Transport in .

Tricarboxylates such as citrate are the preferred carbon sources for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen that causes chronic human infections. However, the membrane transport process for the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates citrate and -aconitate is poorly characterized. Transport is thought to be controlled by the TctDE two-component system, which mediates transcription of the putative major transporter OpdH.

A Novel Approach To Identify Inhibitors of Iron Acquisition Systems of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that has been declared by the World Health Organization as a "priority 1 critical pathogen" needing immediate new strategies for chemotherapy. During infection, P. aeruginosa uses redundant mechanisms to acquire ferric, heme (Hm), or ferrous iron from the host to survive and colonize.

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Preferentially Enhances Neuro-Inflammation and Senescence in Brainstem of Female Mice.

Following acute infection, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) establishes lifelong latency in neurons. The latency associated transcript (LAT) is the only viral gene abundantly expressed during latency. Wild-type (WT) HSV-1 reactivates more efficiently than LAT mutants because LAT promotes establishment and maintenance of latency.

Spatial Metabolomics Reveals Localized Impact of Influenza Virus Infection on the Lung Tissue Metabolome.

The influenza virus (IAV) is a major cause of respiratory disease, with significant infection increases in pandemic years. Vaccines are a mainstay of IAV prevention but are complicated by IAV's vast strain diversity and manufacturing and vaccine uptake limitations. While antivirals may be used for treatment of IAV, they are most effective in early stages of the infection, and several virus strains have become drug resistant.

DNA Damage-Inducible Pyocin Expression Is Independent of RecA in -Deleted Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pyocins are interbacterial killing complexes made by Pseudomonas aeruginosa primarily to enact intraspecific competition. DNA damage and the ensuing activation of RecA initiate canonical pyocin expression. We recently discovered that deletion of , which encodes a tyrosine recombinase involved in chromosome decatenation, markedly elevates basal pyocin production independently of RecA.

Effective Interferon Lambda Treatment Regimen To Control Lethal MERS-CoV Infection in Mice.

Effective broad-spectrum antivirals are critical to prevent and control emerging human coronavirus (hCoV) infections. Despite considerable progress made toward identifying and evaluating several synthetic broad-spectrum antivirals against hCoV infections, a narrow therapeutic window has limited their success. Enhancing the endogenous interferon (IFN) and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) response is another antiviral strategy that has been known for decades.

Microbial Diversity and Sulfur Cycling in an Early Earth Analogue: From Ancient Novelty to Modern Commonality.

Life emerged and diversified in the absence of molecular oxygen. The prevailing anoxia and unique sulfur chemistry in the Paleo-, Meso-, and Neoarchean and early Proterozoic eras may have supported microbial communities that differ from those currently thriving on the earth's surface. Zodletone spring in southwestern Oklahoma represents a unique habitat where spatial sampling could substitute for geological eras namely, from the anoxic, surficial light-exposed sediments simulating a preoxygenated earth to overlaid water column where air exposure simulates oxygen intrusion during the Neoproterozoic era.

SOS-Independent Pyocin Production in P. aeruginosa Is Induced by XerC Recombinase Deficiency.

Pyocins are phage tail-like protein complexes that can be used by Pseudomonas aeruginosa to enact intraspecies competition by killing competing strains. The pyocin gene cluster also encodes holin and lysin enzymes that lyse producer cells to release the pyocins. The best-known inducers of pyocin production under laboratory conditions are DNA-damaging agents, including fluoroquinolone antibiotics, that activate the SOS response.

Genomes of Novel Reveal Severely Curtailed Machineries for Predation and Cellular Differentiation.

Cultured are predominantly aerobic soil inhabitants, characterized by their highly coordinated predation and cellular differentiation capacities. Little is currently known regarding yet-uncultured from anaerobic, nonsoil habitats. We analyzed genomes representing one novel order (o__JAFGXQ01) and one novel family (f__JAFGIB01) in the from an anoxic freshwater spring (Zodletone Spring) in Oklahoma, USA.

A Pioneer Transcription Factor and Type I Nuclear Hormone Receptors Synergistically Activate the Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Infected Cell Protein 0 (ICP0) Early Promoter.

Following bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) acute infection of ocular, oral, or nasal cavities, sensory neurons within trigeminal ganglia are an important site for latency. Stress, as mimicked by the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone, consistently induces reactivation from latency. Expression of two key viral transcriptional regulatory proteins, BoHV-1 infected cell protein 0 (bICP0) and bICP4, are regulated by sequences within the immediate early promoter (IEtu1).