Use of person-centered language in obesity-related publications across sports medicine journals: a systematic review of adherence to person-centered language guidelines in sports medicine.

Context: Stigmatizing language or non-person-centered language (non-PCL) has been shown to impact patients negatively, especially in the case of obesity. This has led many associations, such as the American Medical Association (AMA) and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), to enact guidelines prohibiting the use of stigmatizing language in medical research. In 2018, the AMA adopted person-centered language (PCL) guidelines, including a specific obesity amendment to which all researchers should adhere.

To what extent may aminochrome increase the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons in the context of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that progresses over time and is characterized by preferential reduction of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Although the precise mechanisms leading to cell death in neurodegenerative disorders, such as PD, are not fully understood, it is widely accepted that increased oxidative stress may be a prevalent factor contributing to the deterioration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic fibers in such conditions. Aminochrome, generated from dopamine (DA) metabolism, plays an important role in multiple pathogenic mechanisms associated with PD.

Associations of social determinants of health and childhood obesity: a cross-sectional analysis of the 2021 National Survey of Children's Health.

Context: Childhood obesity is a growing health problem in the United States, with those affected having an increased likelihood of developing chronic diseases at a younger age. Social determinants of health (SDOH) are known to influence overall health. Families who are of low socioeconomic status (SES) have also been shown to be more likely to experience food insecurity.

Comorbidities associated with symptoms of subjective cognitive decline in individuals aged 45-64.

Context: Early-stage cognitive decline occurs when an individual experiences memory loss or other cognitive impairment but does not meet the criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) or other dementias. After diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), approximately 5-15 % of cases progress to dementia per year. AD and many other causes of dementia are presently incurable.

The Reporting and Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews Underpinning Clinical Practice Guidelines Focused on the Management of Cutaneous Melanoma: Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) inform evidence-based decision-making in the clinical setting; however, systematic reviews (SRs) that inform these CPGs may vary in terms of reporting and methodological quality, which affects confidence in summary effect estimates.

Objective: Our objective was to appraise the methodological and reporting quality of the SRs used in CPGs for cutaneous melanoma and evaluate differences in these outcomes between Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis by searching PubMed for cutaneous melanoma guidelines published between January 1, 2015, and May 21, 2021.

Social determinants of health in patients with arthritis: a cross-sectional analysis of the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Context: Social determinants of health (SDOH) are economic, social, and political conditions that affect a person's overall health or the health of a group of people. Researchers have investigated the effects of SDOH on various diseases, such as asthma, obesity, and chronic stress, but few publications have been made regarding its effects on arthritis.

Objectives: Our primary objective was to analyze the implications of SDOH on disease severity relating to pain levels and limitations experienced among people with diagnosed arthritis.

Association between steroid use and concussions among high school athletes: a cross-sectional analysis of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System.

Context: In 2017, there were almost 2.5 million high school students who experienced a concussion while playing a sport, raising concern for the neurologic problems that they could face. Some of these athletes may seek to gain a competitive advantage in their sport by utilizing substances like steroids.

Comparative cranial biomechanics reveal that Late Cretaceous tyrannosaurids exerted relatively greater bite force than in early-diverging tyrannosauroids.

Tyrannosaurus has been an exemplar organism in feeding biomechanical analyses. An adult Tyrannosaurus could exert a bone-splintering bite force, through expanded jaw muscles and a robust skull and teeth. While feeding function of adult Tyrannosaurus has been thoroughly studied, such analyses have yet to expand to other tyrannosauroids, especially early-diverging tyrannosauroids (Dilong, Proceratosaurus, and Yutyrannus).

Cattle-FRETS71, a novel fluorogenic substrate with broad applicability for characterizing ADAMTS13 properties and function.

Background: Current ADAMTS13 activity assays are important for diagnosing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) but are unreliable to assay ADAMTS13 activity in animal models. The Cattle-FRETS71 assay is capable of detecting ADAMTS13 activity in plasma from multiple animal species, making it a potentially useful reagent at all stages of clinical research. The performance of Cattle-FRETS71 in TTP diagnosis is not yet known.

Traumatic Endograft Fracture With Subsequent Type IIIb Endoleak.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair is commonly treated via endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). A known complication of EVAR is an endoleak: types I to IV. Type III endoleaks have been shown to have a relative risk of 8.

Prevalence of depression among caregivers based on the condition and relationship of care recipient.

Background: Caregiver distress is the strain experienced by individuals providing care for people with chronic conditions which limit their self-sufficiency for tasks of daily living. Over 1 in 5 Americans are caregivers-a number expected to increase with an aging population.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis using the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to determine rates of depressive disorders among caregivers and associations between demographic and relational aspects of the care recipient.

Delayed discovery: the COVID-19 pandemic's influence on osteoarthritis clinical trials.

Context: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted clinical research in many medical and surgical fields, resulting in research waste and loss of treatment for patients. Although other areas have been explored, the extent of the pandemic's influence on osteoarthritis (OA) trials is currently unknown.

Objectives: This study aims to explore the reasons for termination of clinical trials investigating OA during the COVID-19 pandemic.

DM506 (3-Methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-]indole fumarate), a Novel Derivative of Ibogamine, Inhibits α7 and α9α10 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors by Different Allosteric Mechanisms.

The main objective of this study was to determine the pharmacological activity and molecular mechanism of action of DM506 (3-methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-]indole fumarate), a novel ibogamine derivative, at different nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes. The functional results showed that DM506 neither activates nor potentiates but inhibits ACh-evoked currents at each rat nAChR subtype in a non-competitive manner. The receptor selectivity for DM506 inhibition follows the sequence: α9α10 (IC = 5.

Coronaridine congeners induce sedative and anxiolytic-like activity in naïve and stressed/anxious mice by allosteric mechanisms involving increased GABA receptor affinity for GABA.

The sedative and anxiolytic-like activity of two coronaridine congeners, (+)-catharanthine and (-)-18-methoxycoronaridine (18-MC), was studied in male and female mice. The underlying molecular mechanism was subsequently determined by fluorescence imaging and radioligand binding experiments. The loss of righting reflex and locomotor activity results showed that both (+)-catharanthine and (-)-18-MC induce sedative effects at doses of 63 and 72 mg/kg in a sex-independent manner.

Associations of Combustible Cigarette, Electronic Cigarette, and Dual Use With COVID Infection and Severity in the U.S.: A Cross-sectional Analysis of the 2021 National Health Information Survey.

Given the potential respiratory health risks, the association of COVID infection and the use of combustible cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), and concurrent dual use is a priority for public health. Many published reports have not accounted for known covarying factors. This study sought to calculate adjusted odds ratios for self-reported COVID infection and disease severity as a function of smoking and ENDS use, while accounting for factors known to influence COVID infection and disease severity (i.

Chemical, Pharmacological, and Structural Characterization of Novel Acrylamide-Derived Modulators of the GABA Receptor.

Acrylamide-derived compounds have been previously shown to act as modulators of members of the Cys-loop transmitter-gated ion channel family, including the mammalian GABA receptor. Here we have synthesized and functionally characterized the GABAergic effects of a series of novel compounds (termed "DM compounds") derived from the previously characterized GABA and the nicotinic 7 receptor modulator (E)-3-furan-2-yl--p-tolyl-acrylamide (PAM-2). Fluorescence imaging studies indicated that the DM compounds increase apparent affinity to the transmitter by up to 80-fold in the ternary GABA receptor.

Language considerations for children of parents with substance use disorders.

Parents with substance use disorders are highly stigmatized by multiple systems (e.g., healthcare, education, legal, social).

Associations of cesarean sections with comorbidities within the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System.

Objectives: Cesarean delivery (CD) is a common obstetrical procedure aimed at reducing maternal and infant morbidity and mortality in complicated pregnancies and medical emergencies yet carries potential complications. CD rates in the USA have increased over the years - likely associated with increased comorbidities. Thus, to expand the literature, our objective was to identify the likelihood of a woman having a CD when comorbidities - diabetes, high blood pressure (HBP), or depression - are present.

Mutational Analysis of Anesthetic Binding Sites and Their Effects on GABA Receptor Activation and Modulation by Positive Allosteric Modulators of the α7 Nicotinic Receptor.

The positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the α7 nicotinic receptor -(5-Cl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-'-[2-Cl-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-urea (NS-1738) and ()-3-(furan-2-yl)--(-tolyl)-acrylamide (PAM-2) potentiate the α1β2γ2L GABA receptor through interactions with the classic anesthetic binding sites located at intersubunit interfaces in the transmembrane domain of the receptor. In the present study, we employed mutational analysis to investigate in detail the involvement and contributions made by the individual intersubunit interfaces to receptor modulation by NS-1738 and PAM-2. We show that mutations to each of the anesthetic-binding intersubunit interfaces (β+/α-, α+/β-, and γ+/β-), as well as the orphan α+/γ- interface, modify receptor potentiation by NS-1738 and PAM-2.