Salt Belt Index (SBI): A biotic index for streams within the North American "salt belt," with proposed baseline chloride thresholds.

Road salt (commonly NaCl, CaCl, and MgCl) is widely used in the northern United States as a deicing agent for roadways and other byways. Millions of tons of road salt are used annually in the United States, resulting in drastic increases in freshwater salinity. This study aims to determine the chloride optima and tolerance ranges of macroinvertebrates using publicly accessible stream monitoring data from the US EPA.

Honey bees (Apis mellifera spp.) respond to increased aluminum exposure in their foraging choice, motility, and circadian rhythmicity.

Aluminum is increasingly globally bioavailable with acidification from industrial emissions and poor mining practices. This bioavailability increases uptake by flora, contaminating products such as fruit, pollen, and nectar. Concentrations of aluminum in fruit and pollen have been reported between 0.