An effective neuro-fuzzy paradigm for machinery condition health monitoring.

An innovative neuro-fuzzy network appropriate for fault detection and classification in a machinery condition health monitoring environment is proposed. The network, called an incremental learning fuzzy neural (ILFN) network, uses localized neurons to represent the distributions of the input space and is trained using a one-pass, on-line, and incremental learning algorithm that is fast and can operate in real time. The ILFN network employs a hybrid supervised and unsupervised learning scheme to generate its prototypes.

Evaluation of solubilized proteins as an alternative to phosphates for meat enhancement.

Select grade strip loins (n = 10) were enhanced 10% with either a phosphate or an acid solubilized protein solution. Color score, aerobic plate count, lipid oxidation, purge loss, cook yield, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and sensory analysis were measured to characterize storage quality. The phosphate injection consisted of 4.

Influence of sodium glycocholate on production of conjugated linoleic acid by cells of Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55739.

The possible influence of a bile salt on production of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) by Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55739 was evaluated. Cells of the lactobacilli grown in MRS broth with and without linoleic acid (LA, 0.2%) were harvested and washed.

Vehicle-Mounted Optical Sensing: An Objective Means for Evaluating Turf Quality.

Visual evaluation of turfgrass quality is a subjective process that requires experienced personnel. Optical sensing of plant reflectance provides objective, quantitative turf quality evaluation and requires no turf experience. This study was conducted to assess the accuracy of optical sensing for evaluating turf quality, to compare the rating consistency among human evaluators and optical sensing, and to develop a model that describes a relationship between optically sensed measurements and visual turf quality.

Freeze Tolerance of Seed-Producing Turf Bermudagrasses.

Bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., suffers periodic severe winter-kill throughout much of its area of use in the contiguous USA.

Assessment of metal availability in smelter soil using earthworms and chemical extractions.

Chemical immobilization is a relatively inexpensive in situ remediation method that reduces soil contaminant solubility, but the ability of this remediation treatment to reduce heavy metal bioavailability and ecotoxicity to soil invertebrates has not been evaluated. Our objectives were to (i) assess the ability of chemical immobilization amendments (municipal sewage sludge biosolids and rock phosphate) to reduce metal bioavailability and toxicity in a toxic metal-contaminated smelter soil and (ii) evaluate soil extraction methods using Ca(NO3)2 solution or ion-exchange membranes coated with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) as surrogate measures of metal bioavailability and ecotoxicity. We treated a soil contaminated by Zn and Pb milling and smelting operations and an uncontaminated control soil with lime-stabilized municipal biosolids (LSB), rock phosphate (RP), or anaerobically digested municipal biosolids (SS) and evaluated lethality of the remediated soils to earthworm (Eisenia fetida Savigny).

Chemical immobilization of lead, zinc, and cadmium in smelter-contaminated soils using biosolids and rock phosphate.

Chemical immobilization, an in situ remediation method where inexpensive chemicals are used to reduce contaminant solubility in contaminated soil, has gained attention. We investigated the effectiveness of lime-stabilized biosolid (LSB), N-Viro Soil (NV), rock phosphate (RP), and anaerobic biosolid (AB) to reduce extractability and plant and gastrointestinal (GI) bioavailability in three Cd-, Pb-, and Zn-contaminated soils from smelter sites. Treated (100 g kg(-1) soil) and control soils were incubated at 27 degrees C and -0.

Use of diammonium phosphate to reduce heavy metal solubility and transport in smelter-contaminated soil.

Phosphate treatments can reduce metal dissolution and transport from contaminated soils. However, diammonium phosphate (DAP) has not been extensively tested as a chemical immobilization treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate DAP as a chemical immobilization treatment and to investigate potential solids controlling metal solubility in DAP-amended soils.

Effects of dietary valine concentration on lactational performance of sows nursing large litters. NCR-42 Committe on Swine Nutrition.

A cooperative study, using 231 primiand multiparous crossbred sows from six experiment stations (IN, KS, MI, MN, ND, and OH), was conducted to determine the effects of elevating dietary valine concentration in corn-soybean meal diets on lactational performance of sows nursing large litters. Crossbred sows were fed diets containing a minimum of .60% lysine during gestation.

The role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in neoplasms induced by MoMuSV-349.

Previous results from our laboratory have demonstrated that intraperitoneal inoculation of newborn BALB/c mice with MoMuSV-349 virus induced multiorgan disseminated angiomatous tumors. Changes in histological pattern, from sarcomatous to angiosarcomatous, stimulated our interest in investigating the possible role of angiogenic growth factors released by the spindled (sarcomatous) cells in angiosarcoma development in this model. Cell lines were obtained from various tumors and assayed for production of acidic (a) and basic (b) fibroblast growth factors (FGFs).

Thermal, mechanical and chemical peripheral sensation in amphibians: opioid and adrenergic effects.

The acetic acid test (AAT) is a quantifiable assay of the response to noxious chemical stimuli on the hindlimb of the northern grass frog, Rana pipiens. AAT is sensitive to both opioid and adrenergic agonist modulation. The present study introduces the novel use of mechanical and thermal stimulus behavioral assays in comparison with the established acetic acid test in studying nociception in frogs.

Relationship between Moloney murine sarcoma-virus tissue tropism and tumor-development.

Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated that a clone of Moloney murine sarcoma virus (MoMuSV-349) inoculated intraperitoneally into newborn BALB/c mice induces multiorgan disseminated angiosarcomatous tumors. These tumors develop in two stages: sarcomatous and angiosarcomatous. The present report investigates the relationship between tumor stage development and viral replication within the target cells using the technique of in situ hybridization.

Solubility and cation exchange in phosphate rock and saturated clinoptilolite mixtures.

Mixtures of zeolite and phosphate rock (PR) have the potential to provide slow-release fertilization of plants in synthetic soils by dissolution and ion-exchange reactions. This study was conducted to examine solubility and cation-exchange relationships in mixtures of PR and NH4- and K-saturated clinoptilolite (Cp). Batch-equilibration experiments were designed to investigate the effect of PR source, the proportion of exchangeable K and NH4, and the Cp to PR ratio on solution N, P, K, and Ca concentrations.

Comparison of corn with four sorghum grain hybrids: site and extent of digestion in steers.

Four diverse sorghum hybrids (yellow, cream, hetero-yellow and red) and corn grain were dry-rolled and fed in an 85% grain diet to Angus-Hereford steers (241 kg) equipped with ruminal and double L-type duodenal and ileal cannulas to compare the effects of grain source on site and extent of digestion. Yellow (yel) has a homozygous yellow endosperm, with a yellow seed coat, whereas cream and hetero-yellow (het-yel) have a heterozygous yellow endosperm with white and red seed coats, respectively. Red has a homozygous white endosperm with a red seed coat.

Relationship among weight change, body condition and reproductive performance of range beef cows.

A 5-yr study involving 45 to 78 pregnant Hereford range cows each year evaluated relationships among prepartum nutrition, body condition scores, BW changes and reproductive performance. Four prepartum nutritional treatments were imposed. One group of cows were fed to maintain (M) their November BW until calving in March and April.

Electrodiffusion (sweeping) of ions in quartz-a review.

Sweeping, a high-temperature process that selectively exchanges monovalent ions in quartz, is reviewed. Sweeping is used commercially to replace interstitial alkalis with hydrogen. Electrodiffusion improves the radiation hardness of quartz oscillator crystals and lowers the etch channel density.