Metabolomic Profiling of Open-Angle Glaucoma Etiologic Endotypes: Tohoku Multi-Omics Glaucoma Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate biologically meaningful endotypes of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) by applying unsupervised machine learning to plasma metabolites.

Methods: This retrospective longitudinal cohort study enrolled consecutive patients aged ≥20 years with OAG at Tohoku University Hospital from January 2017 to January 2020. OAG was confirmed based on comprehensive ophthalmic examinations.

Non-consensual Sex Among Japanese Women in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Large-Scale Nationwide Survey-Based Study.

Introduction and background Non-consensual sex, including rape and sexual assault, has been a global concern and may have been influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, information on this topic is limited. Therefore, our objective was to survey the incidence rate of non-consensual sex among Japanese women aged 15-79 years between April and September 2020, during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.

SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence in the Okinawa Main Island and remote islands in Okinawa, Japan, 2020-2021.

We estimated the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-COV-2 IgG in different island groups in Okinawa. A cross-sectional sero-survey was repeated in three periods between July 2020 and February 2021. A total of 2683 serum samples were collected from six referral medical centers, each covering a separate region in Okinawa.

How do mandatory emergency medicine rotations contribute to the junior residents' professional identity formation: a qualitative study.

Background: This study aims to investigate the impact of short-term mandatory emergency medicine rotations on professional identity formation of Japanese junior residents. Using situated learning theory as a theoretical framework, we explore how this rotation, which is part of a two-year Junior residency in the transition period from students to qualified physicians.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative study conducting semi-structured face-to-face interviews with Year 1 postgraduate residents in the 2020-2021 classes of the junior residency program in Okinawa Chubu Hospital, Japan (n = 10).

Pathological examination of factors involved in PD-L1 expression in patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Tumor tissues comprise cancer cells and stromal cells, and their interactions form the cancer microenvironment. Therefore, treatments targeting cells other than cancer cells are also actively being developed, and among them, treatment targeting PD-1, an immune checkpoint molecule that is important in tumor immune evasion, has also been indicated for head and neck cancer. PD-L1, a ligand of PD-1, is expressed in both tumor cells and stromal cells, and the scoring system based on the combined positivity rates of both types of cells, the combined positive score (CPS), is used for predicting treatment effect.

Chest Compression-Associated Internal Thoracic Artery Injury During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Incidence, Injury Patterns and Efficacy of Transcatheter Arterial Embolization.

Purpose: To investigate the incidence and patterns of chest compression-associated internal thoracic artery injury (CAI) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and identify the embolization techniques used to treat hemorrhage.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the patients who underwent transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for life-threatening hemorrhage caused by CAI at two tertiary care centers between May 2013 and December 2019. Data on background characteristics, imaging findings, embolization and outcomes were collected from the medical records.

Association between intrarenal venous flow from Doppler ultrasonography and acute kidney injury in patients with sepsis in critical care: a prospective, exploratory observational study.

Background: Intrarenal venous flow (IRVF) patterns assessed using Doppler renal ultrasonography are real-time bedside visualizations of renal vein hemodynamics. Although this technique has the potential to detect renal congestion during sepsis resuscitation, there have been few studies on this method. We aimed to examine the relationship between IRVF patterns, clinical parameters, and outcomes in critically ill adult patients with sepsis.

Left brachiocephalic venous occlusion with spontaneous arteriovenous fistula presenting with severe edema in left upper extremity and face: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: The coexistence of central venous occlusion and arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) is rare among non-dialysis patients. Herein, we describe a case of left brachiocephalic venous occlusion with spontaneous AVF, presenting with severe edema in left upper extremity and face.

Case Presentation: A 90-year-old woman presented to our hospital with gradually worsening edema in her left arm and face for eight years.

Evaluation of Use of Epinephrine and Time to First Dose and Outcomes in Pediatric Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Importance: While epinephrine has been widely used in prehospital resuscitation for pediatric patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), the benefit and optimal timing of epinephrine administration have not been fully investigated.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between epinephrine administration and patient outcomes and to ascertain whether the timing of epinephrine administration was associated with patient outcomes after pediatric OHCA.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study included pediatric patients (<18 years) with OHCA treated by emergency medical services (EMS) from April 2011 to June 2015.

Shorter door-to-balloon time, better long-term clinical outcomes in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients: J-MINUET substudy.

Background: The impact of shorter door-to-balloon (DTB time on long-term outcomes in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI has not been fully elucidated.

Methods: We investigated 3283 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction selected from a prospective, nationwide, multicenter registry (J-MINUET database comprising 28 institutions in Japan between July 2012 and March 2014. Among the study population, we analyzed 1639 STEMI patients who had PPCI within 12 h of onset.

Contamination of Blood Cultures From Arterial Catheters and Peripheral Venipuncture in Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Multicenter Diagnostic Study.

Background: Collecting blood cultures from indwelling arterial catheters is an attractive option in critically ill adult patients when peripheral venipuncture is difficult. However, whether the contamination proportion of blood cultures from arterial catheters is acceptable compared with that from venipuncture is inconclusive.

Research Question: Is contamination of blood cultures from arterial catheters noninferior to that from venipuncture in critically ill adult patients with suspected bloodstream infection?

Study Design And Methods: In this multicenter prospective diagnostic study conducted at five hospitals, we enrolled episodes of paired blood culture collection, each set consisting of blood drawn from an arterial catheter and another by venipuncture, were obtained from critically ill adult patients with cilinical indication.

High versus low blood pressure targets for cardiac surgery while on cardiopulmonary bypass.

Background: Cardiac surgery is performed worldwide. Most types of cardiac surgery are performed using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Cardiac surgery performed with CPB is associated with morbidities.

Outcomes associated with intra-arrest hyperoxaemia in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A registry-based cohort study.

Background: An association between post-arrest hyperoxaemia and worse outcomes has been reported for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients, but little is known about the relationship between intra-arrest hyperoxaemia and clinically relevant outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between intra-arrest hyperoxaemia and outcomes for OHCA patients.

Methods: This was an observational study using a registry database of OHCA cases that occurred between 2014 and 2017 in Japan.

Association between blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio and neurologically favourable outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in adults: A multicentre cohort study.

Background: We aimed to investigate the association between blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio (BCR) and survival with favourable neurological outcomes in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods: This prospective, multicentre, observational study conducted in Osaka, Japan enrolled consecutive OHCA patients transported to 16 participating institutions from 2012 through 2019. We included adult patients with non-traumatic OHCA who achieved a return of spontaneous circulation and whose blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels on hospital arrival were available.

Risk Factors of Preterm Birth in Okinawa Prefecture, the Southernmost Island Prefecture of Japan.

Objectives: A high rate of preterm birth has been reported in Okinawa Prefecture, the southernmost island prefecture of Japan. Hence, this study aimed to identify the risk factors for preterm birth in this prefecture.

Methods: This retrospective study included data from January 2013 to December 2019 from three facilities in Okinawa Prefecture.

Syphilitic osteomyelitis in a patient with HIV and cognitive biases in clinical reasoning: A case report.

Rationale: Diagnosing multifactorial, multidimensional symptoms unexplained by presumptive diagnosis is often challenging for infectious disease specialists.

Patient Concerns: We report a rare case of a 30-year-old Japanese bisexual man with a history of virally suppressed human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis infections who developed chest pain and an erosive lesion under the lower midline jaw.

Diagnosis: Imaging examinations revealed erosive lesions on the sternum and left the ninth rib.

A Novel Method of Intra-Abdominal Cavity Obliteration: A Case Report of a Colonic Seromuscular Flap.

Obliteration of an organized subphrenic abscess with an enteric fistula is a great challenge, especially after hepatectomy, as most of the conventional flaps used to fill the abscess cavity are not feasible. A seromuscular flap is an innovative option for this purpose because of its proximity to the pathology, flexibility in the size and volume of the flap harvested, antibacterial ability of the muscle flap, and preservation of trunk musculature. We illustrate the use of a colonic seromuscular flap for filling such an abscess and show its long-term change.

Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Percutaneous Kidney Biopsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Tranexamic acid is frequently reported to reduce bleeding-related complications in major surgery and trauma. We aimed to investigate whether tranexamic acid reduced hematoma size after percutaneous kidney biopsy.

Methods: We conducted a double-blind, parallel three-group, randomized placebo-controlled trial at a teaching hospital in Japan between January 2016 and July 2018.