Relationship of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, monocyte lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil monocyte ratio with treatment response in pulmonary tuberculosis patients during intensive phase treatment.

Objective: To determine the relationship of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Monocyte Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR), and Neutrophil Monocyte Ratio (NMR) with treatment response in Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) patients during intensive phase treatment (IPT).

Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases (OICD), Dow University of Health Sciences, from February to December 2021. 100 patients were enrolled using purposive sampling technique.

Medical Students' Perceptions at Dow University of Health Sciences using Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure Inventory.

Objectives: To assess medical students' perceptions regarding learning, teachers, academics, atmosphere at campus and social self-perceptions at Dow University of Health Sciences using Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) Inventory.

Method: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted from March 1, 2022 to September 30, 2022. All medical students at Dow University of Health Sciences were offered to participate.

Yield & accuracy of Gastric Lavage in non-expectorating adults with Suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Objective: To determine the yield of Gastric lavage (GL) in non-expectorating adults with suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) and accuracy of GL-AFB smear with GL-GeneXpert (GXP) by taking AFB culture as gold standard.

Methods: Cross-sectional study on suspected PTB patients was done at Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases during period 16 July 2020 till 15 January 2021. Adult patients of either gender suspected to have PTB and not expectorating were included.

Community- vs. hospital-based management of multidrug-resistant TB in Pakistan.

Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) treatment takes 18-24 months and is complex, costly and isolating. We provide trial evidence on the WHO Pakistan recommendation for community-based care rather than hospital-based care. Two-arm, parallel-group, superiority trial was conducted in three programmatic management of drug-resistant TB hospitals in Punjab and Sindh Provinces, Pakistan.

Mutational Frequencies in Mycobacterial gene using GeneXpert/MTB Rif Assay in Rifampicin Resistant patients at a tertiary care setting in Urban Sindh, Pakistan: Analysis from a Five-Year Period.

Objectives: To assess the mutational frequencies in Mycobacterial gene using GeneXpert/MTB Rif Assay in rifampicin resistant patients during 2013-2017 at a tertiary care setting in Urban Sindh, Pakistan.

Methods: This Retrospective Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study was conducted at the TB laboratories, Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases, Dow University of Health Sciences. The record of 713 positive cases of Rifampicin Resistant Tuberculosis from January 2013 to December 2017 were analysed.

Muscle weakness assessment in non-hypoxemic COPD out-patients at tertiary care hospitals.

Objective: To determine frequency of Muscle Weakness in Non-Hypoxemic COPD out-patients and Comparison with age matched non-COPD Controls.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at OPD of Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases and Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan, during the period 8 September 2019 till 30 May 2020. Patients of both genders aged 25-70 years who were satisfying GOLD criteria for COPD and having SpO ≥ 94% were included.

Synthesis, characterization and SEM studies of novel 1-indanyl isoniazid and hydrazide Schiff base derivatives as new anti-tubercular agents.

The aim of study was to synthesize 1-indanyl isoniazid and sixteen other hydrazide Schiff base derivatives from 1-indanone. All synthesized derivatives were screened for the inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis on three Mycobacterial strains ATCC H37Rv, known INH-sensitive (INH-S) and INH-resistant strains (INH-R) by proportion method. The derivatives were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Visible, FTIR, H NMR, and HREIMS.

Frequency of Blood Eosinophilia in newly diagnosed Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients.

Objective: To determine Blood Eosinophilia frequency in newly diagnosed Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients.

Methods: An observational cross-sectional research on newly diagnosed COPD patients with age ≥ 40 years was performed at Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases, Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi. COPD patients diagnosed in outpatient clinic or admitted in Chest Unit during six-month period from September 2018 to May 2019 were selected.

Risk factors for mortality among inpatients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective: To evaluate risk factors having significant effect on mortality of smear positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) inpatients.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases, Dow University Hospital Ojha Campus, Karachi. One hundred and seventy (170) inpatients of smear positive PTB confirmed by Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) smear, aged between 13-80 years were enrolled by using consecutive sampling technique while patients with drug resistant Tuberculosis (TB) and extra pulmonary TB were excluded from the study.

Non-specific impairment of Lung Function on Spirometery in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis-C.

Objectives: To document frequency of non-specific impairment of lung functions (NILF) in patients of HCV and to compare according to gender, genotype, liver fibrosis score and smoking status.

Methods: Patients of chronic hepatitis C were included after informed consent. Demographic data was recorded, and they underwent baseline investigations, fibroscan, abdominal ultrasound and PFT.

Role of Bronchial Washing Gene Xpert in Sputum-Scarce Cases of Suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Objective: To determine the frequency of mycobacterium tuberculosis detection, in bronchial washing in sputum-scarce cases of suspected pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, during July 2016 to December 2017. Sputum-scarce patients with suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis were selected and underwent for bronchoscopy, detailed examination of bronchial tree was performed, and bronchial washing collected for testing of mycobacterium tuberculosis with Gene Xpert.

Pharmacophoric screening of newly synthesized isoniazid derivatives and their antimycobacterial activity.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is clinically recognized as a causative agent of Tuberculosis. Keeping in view, this study was endeavored to screen our previously synthesized seventeen INH analogues for their antimycobacterial potential using proportion method. During this process, INH and all the seventeen compounds were examined at different concentrations of 0.

Early Detection of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Apparently Healthy Attendants of Tertiary Care Hospital and Assessment of its Severity.

Objective: Early detection of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in apparently healthy attendants of tertiary care hospital and assessment of its severity.

Study Design: Cross-sectional, observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Study was conducted from January 2015 to July 2015 at Dow University Hospital, Ojha campus.

False negativity in AFB Smear microscopy: An insight into the caveats of the most widely used screening tool for tuberculosis.

Objective: To study the ratio of false negativity in sputum samples in diagnostic smears received for acid fast bacilli smear microscopy.

Methods: The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases, Karachi, and comprised specimens for microscopy and culture from presumptive tuberculosis patients for 38 months starting from November 2010.All laboratory investigations had been done as per the National Tuberculosis Control Programme guidelines.

Non-functional paraganglioma of the mediastinum.

Paragangliomas are rare tumours which have the ability to secrete neuropeptide and catecholamines. Frequently, the clinical presentation of these tumours is ill defined and some may have no symptoms whatsoever until the tumour is large enough to cause symptoms secondary to local invasion and mass effect, hence making paragangliomas a challenge to diagnose and manage surgically. We report a case of a 55 year old female who presented with shortness of breath and chest pain for 3 years.

Yield of closed pleural biopsy and cytology in exudative pleural effusion.

Objective: To determine diagnostic yield of Closed Pleural Biopsy (CPB) and Cytology in Exudative Pleural Effusion (PE).

Methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted at Chest Unit-II & Medical Unit-IV of Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi Pakistan from January 2011 till December 2014.

Results: Ninety-four patients with exudative PE were finally included.

Huge carcinoid tumour causing complete obstruction of the left main bronchus and destruction of left lung.

Carcinoid tumours arise from the neuroendocrine cells of the bronchial epithelium known as Kulchitsky cells and comprise 4% of all lung malignancies. We report a case of a 16- year-old male who presented with a 1-month history of fever, cough, left-side chest pain and shortness of breath. Chest X -ray showed loss of lung volume on the left side with cystic spaces and air fluid levels.

Six-minute walk test performance in healthy adult Pakistani volunteers.

Objective: To determine the six-minute walking distance (6MWD) for healthy Pakistanis, identify factors affecting 6MWD, compare published equations with the local data and derive an equation.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Two medical institutes of Karachi, from January to May 2011.

Measurement of ESAT6-induced IFNγ responses adjunct with CXCL9 increases the rate of diagnosis of active tuberculosis in an endemic region.

Due to difficulties in direct diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection where site-specific specimens are not available, indirect methods of testing for infection are required. M. tuberculosis early secreted antigen target-6 (ESAT6) induced IFN-γ responses are specific, but do not differentiate between latent and active TB.

Drug resistance pattern in multidrug resistance pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of drug resistance profiles of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) isolates of pulmonary tuberculosis patients, against both the first and the second line drugs.

Study Design: An observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: The multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) ward of Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases (OICD), Karachi, from 1996 to 2006.

Treatment outcome of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi.

Objective: To assess the outcomes of pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients treated at Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases (OICD), a reference hospital for TB in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods: Clinical study for the period 1996-2006, with follow-up until June 2007 was performed. All the culture and sensitivity proven cases of MDR pulmonary TB were initially admitted for 3-6 months till the sputum converted negative.

Magnitude of initial default in pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective: To assess the magnitude and reasons of initial default in pulmonary tuberculosis patients, diagnosed at Nazimabad Chest Clinic, Karachi.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted over five months from 1st December 2007 to 30th April 2008. Suspected tuberculosis patients were prescribed sputum AFB (Acid Fast Bacilli) smears for three samples.

New drugs in resistant tuberculosis.

The World Health Organization estimates that up to 50 million persons worldwide may be infected with drug resistant strains of TB. The fatality rate of MDR-TB is 20-80%. Drug resistant tuberculosis cases are on the rise in Pakistan.

Recent trend in the radiological presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis in Pakistani adults.

Objective: To determine the radiological presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis in adults and to compare it with that of other national and international studies.

Method: This prospective study was done on 150 newly diagnosed smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Two chest physicians reviewed the chest radiographs.