Benefits of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus S-1 for resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Currently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is usually performed even for resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (rPDAC). The present study investigated the benefits of NAC with gemcitabine plus S-1 for rPDAC. The medical records of 170 patients diagnosed as having rPDAC based on preoperative imaging were reviewed retrospectively.

Kalubustrongylus arsoensis gen. et sp. n. (Trichostrongylidae: Filarinematinae) and Other Nematodes Belonging to the Suborder Trichostrongylina Parasitic in the Common Spiny Bandicoot, Echymipera kalubu, of Papua Indonesia.

Purpose: The present paper reports the nematodes of the suborder Trichostrongylina collected from the common spiny bandicoot, Echymipera kalubu, in Arso, Papua Indonesia. The description of Kalubustrongylus arsoensis gen. et sp.

Impact of Antipseudomonal Antibiotics in Patients with Bronchiectasis Who Experienced Exacerbation or Developed Pneumonia: A Nationwide Study in Japan.

: Although chronic infection by among patients with bronchiectasis is associated with poor prognosis, the impact of antibiotics with coverage in patients with bronchiectasis who experienced bacterial pneumonia or exacerbation of bronchiectasis has not been fully investigated. : This study targeted patients with bronchiectasis who were admitted to hospitals because of bacterial pneumonia or exacerbation of bronchiectasis between April 2018 and March 2020 using a national inpatient database in Japan. The association of antipseudomonal antibiotic treatment with in-hospital mortality was assessed after propensity score matching to adjust the patients' backgrounds.

Short-term outcomes of robot-assisted versus conventional minimally invasive esophagectomy: A propensity score-matched study via a nationwide database.

Background: The advantages of robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RA-MIE) over conventional minimally invasive esophagectomy (C-MIE) are unknown. This nationwide large-scale study aimed to compare surgical outcomes between RA-MIE and C-MIE using rigorous propensity score methods, including detailed covariates and relevant outcomes.

Methods: This Japanese nationwide retrospective cohort study included RA-MIE or C-MIE for esophageal malignant tumors performed between October 2018 and December 2019 and registered in the Japanese National Clinical Database.

Indoxyl Sulfate and Its Potential Role in Mineralocorticoid Receptor Transactivation in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: The uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS) is an important factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and add-on therapy with mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists can help reduce proteinuria and suppress CKD progression. However, the association between IS and MR activation remains unknown.

Cytokine release syndrome treated with tocilizumab following ipilimumab-nivolumab combination therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Cytokine release syndrome is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Its occurrence in renal cell carcinoma treated with combination therapy is less recognized and poses significant management challenges.

Case Presentation: A 50-year-old male with metastatic renal cell carcinoma developed severe cytokine release syndrome after receiving ipilimumab-nivolumab combination therapy.

Plasma amyloid beta biomarkers predict amyloid positivity and longitudinal clinical progression in mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Previous studies have examined the predictive accuracy of plasma amyloid beta (Aβ) biomarkers in clinical cohorts. However, their accuracy for predicting amyloid-positive patients in community-based cohorts is unclear. This study aimed to determine the predictive accuracy of Aβ precursor protein 669-711/Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40/1-42 and their composite biomarkers for brain amyloid deposition or the clinical progression in community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

A multicenter study on TROP2 as a potential targeted therapy for extramammary Paget disease in Japan.

Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare skin cancer that typically occurs in the anogenital area of older people. Since efficacy of treatments for metastatic or unresectable EMPD remains poor, development of a novel therapeutic approach is strongly desired. However, the lack of EMPD models has hampered investigation of EMPD.

Persistent body-weight change on achalasia and peroral endoscopic myotomy: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: The distribution of body weight in patients with achalasia and after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has not been investigated. The role of body weight assessment after treatment remains unclear.

Methods: Using the multicenter achalasia cohort, the frequency of underweight (body mass index [BMI] < 18.

How many cases do young pediatric surgeons need to experience to achieve autonomy in performing pediatric endoscopic surgery? A nationwide survey to establish an ideal curriculum for pediatric endoscopic surgery in Japan.

Purpose: To ensure the safe prevalence of pediatric endoscopic surgery in Japan, a training curriculum should be established. In addition, the number of pediatric surgical cases is decreasing due to the decreasing birth rate in Japan, and it is necessary to clarify the number of surgical cases required for young pediatric surgeons to achieve autonomy in pediatric endoscopic surgery.

Methods: An online nationwide survey was conducted among young pediatric surgeons with 3-15 years of clinical experience in Japan.

A comprehensive review of paratuberculosis in animals and its implications for public health.

Paratuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by subspecies (MAP). Typically, ruminant animals including cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep are infected with MAP. Animals get infected with MAP in a number of ways, such as by eating or drinking contaminated food or water, or by nursing from an infected mother who may have contaminated teats or directly shed the organism in milk or colostrum.

Bovine trichomoniasis: A hidden threat to reproductive efficiency.

Bovine trichomoniasis is a reproductive illness that affects cattle causing pyometra, early to mid-pregnancy miscarriages, and lower birth rates. is a flagellated protozoan which first discovered in France in 1888 and composts three phases during its lifecycle including trophozoite, cyst, and pseudocyst. In addition, several factors contributed to the prevalence of trichomoniasis and fall into three categories are management, cow, and bull-related factors.

Cytological Findings of Cylindroma: Differential Diagnosis and Literature Review.

A cylindroma is a relatively rare tumor classified as a benign tumor with apocrine and eccrine differentiation, mainly occurring on the scalp. While there are some reports on the cytological findings of cylindromas, there are no reports concerning stamp preparation. Here, we report a case of a 60-year-old female who presented with a tumor on the right scalp.

Centrilobular nodules are predictive chest computed tomography (CT) findings related to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma development in human T-lymphotropic virus type I carriers.

Aim: To evaluate predictive chest computed tomography (CT) findings associated with the development of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) in human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) carriers.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study examined 171 adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and 158 HTLV-1 carriers who were treated from November 2004 to April 2021. The radiological features of 888 chest CT scans in total were retrospectively assessed by two chest radiologists who were unaware of the underlying diagnoses and compared between the groups.

Resorcimoline as a Novel Therapeutic Agent Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Hind Extremities.

Background: Acute ischemia in the hind extremities is a dangerous disease that causes irreversible damage. Revascularization procedures are important to prevent muscle damage, but these treatments may induce additional damage, also known as ischemia-reperfusion injury. The role of free radicals as pivotal mediators of ischemia-reperfusion injury remains a prominent hypothesis.

Self-regulation of slow cortical potential and seizure suppression by scalp electroencephalography: Early prediction of therapeutic efficacy.

Objective: Seizure suppression using the neurofeedback (NFB) method by self-regulation of scalp-recorded slow cortical potential (SCP) is effective for patients with refractory focal epilepsy. However, the prolonged training period required prevents it from wider implementation as the standard treatment in clinical practice. Therefore, we examined whether it would be appropriate to shorten the training period, in spite of the small number of patients.

Definitions, epidemiology, and outcomes of persistent/chronic critical illness: a scoping review for translation to clinical practice.

Background: Medical advances in intensive care units (ICUs) have resulted in the emergence of a new patient population-those who survive the initial acute phase of critical illness, but require prolonged ICU stays and develop chronic critical symptoms. This condition, often termed Persistent Critical Illness (PerCI) or Chronic Critical Illness (CCI), remains poorly understood and inconsistently reported across studies, resulting in a lack of clinical practice use. This scoping review aims to systematically review and synthesize the existing literature on PerCI/CCI, with a focus on definitions, epidemiology, and outcomes for its translation to clinical practice.

Prognostic Impact of Primary Tumor Size in Thymic Epithelial Tumor: An NCDB-Based Study.

Background: Thymic epithelial tumor (TET) staging has been based on Masaoka-Koga systems or the 8th edition of the TNM classification, which do not use tumor size as a T descriptor. The 9th edition of the TNM classification incorporates tumor size; however, the study on which this classification is based included only 4.4% of patients from North America.

Impact of long-term trends on outcomes in the management of colonic diverticular bleeding: mediation analyses in a large multicenter study.

Background: Despite accumulating evidence and recommendations for management of colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB), the changes in its clinical management and outcomes remain unknown.

Methods: We performed a retrospective tendency analysis on a biennial basis, a propensity score-matched cohort study between the first and latter half groups, and mediation analyses to compare the diagnostic and treatment methods between January 2010 and December 2019 (CODE BLUE-J Study).

Results: A total of 6575 patients with CDB were included.

Chest X-Ray Features in 130 Patients with Bronchiectasis.

The prevalence of bronchiectasis is increasing globally, and early detection using chest imaging has been encouraged to improve its prognosis. However, the sensitivity of a chest X-ray as a screening tool remains unclear. This study examined the chest X-ray features predictive of bronchiectasis.

Impact of sarcopenic obesity on postoperative outcomes in patients with oesophago-gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: We elucidated the influence of sarcopenic obesity on postoperative outcomes in patients with oesophago-gastric cancer.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search on MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Platform Search Portal, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify observational studies published from their inception to September 26, 2024.