Synergistic effect of Toll-like receptor 2 ligands and alendronate on proinflammatory cytokine production in mouse macrophage-like RAW-ASC cells is accompanied by upregulation of MyD88 expression.

Objectives: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize whole cells or components of microorganisms. Alendronate (ALN) is an anti-bone-resorptive drug that has inflammatory side effects. The aim in this study was to examine whether ALN augments TLR2 ligand-induced proinflammatory cytokine production using mouse macrophage-like RAW264.

Alendronate augments lipid A‑induced IL‑1β release by ASC‑deficient RAW264 cells via AP‑1 activation.

Alendronate (ALN) is an anti-bone-resorptive drug with inflammatory side effects. ALN upregulates lipid A-induced interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β release by J774.1 cells via apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) activation.

SPARC is a decoy counterpart for c‑Fos and is associated with osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells by inhibiting adipogenesis.

Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), also called basement‑membrane protein 40 or osteonectin, is a matricellular protein that is abundant not only in bone tissue as a non‑collagenous protein but is also ubiquitously expressed in non‑calcified tissue. SPARC is located intracellularly and disruption of the gene has been reported to reduce bone formation and increase fat tissue; however, the mechanism by which SPARC inhibits adipogenesis remains unclear. The present study evaluated the intracellular function of SPARC in adipogenesis using the bone marrow stromal cell line ST2.

Cone-beam computed tomography observation of maxillary first premolar canal shapes.

A variety of shapes has been reported for the roots and root canals of maxillary first premolars. The purposes of the present study were to determine branching and shapes of the roots of maxillary first premolars, as well as age-related changes using slice images obtained with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for dental use. CBCT-reconstructed images of 125 cases that included maxillary first premolars were used as subjects.

Etidronate down-regulates Toll-like receptor 2 ligand-induced chemokine production by inhibiting MyD88 expression and NF-κB activation.

Objective: Pretreatment of J774.1 cells with etidronate, a non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (non-NBP) used as an antibone resorptive drug, was previously reported to inhibit Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 agonist-induced proinflammatory cytokine production. The present study aimed to examine the effects of etidronate on chemokine production by human monocytic U937 cells incubated with PamCys-Ser-(Lys) (PamCSK, a TLR2 ligand) and lipid A (a TLR4 ligand).

Intracellular zinc-dependent TAS2R8 gene expression through CTCF activation.

Taste-2 receptors (TAS2Rs), which belong to the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family, are receptors for bitter taste perception. The aim of this study was to investigate whether zinc deficiency affects the expression of TAS2R genes. The promoter activity of the TAS2R7, TAS2R8, and TAS2R42 genes were determined in Ca9-22 oral squamous cell carcinoma cells cultured in the presence or absence of zinc.

Adaptation to chronic acidic extracellular pH elicits a sustained increase in lung cancer cell invasion and metastasis.

Acidic extracellular pH (pH) is an important microenvironment for cancer cells. This study assessed whether adaptation to acidic pH enhances the metastatic phenotype of tumor cells. The low metastatic variant of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLCm1) cells were subjected to stepwise acidification, establishing acidic pH-adapted (LLCm1A) cells growing exponentially at pH 6.

Etidronate down-regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligand-induced proinflammatory cytokine production by inhibiting NF-κB activation.

Background: Etidronate is a non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (non-NBP) used for anti-bone resorptive therapy as well as having inhibitory effects on atherosclerotic plaques. The present study examined the effects of etidronate on the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by the macrophage-like cell line, J774.1, incubated with PamCys-Ser-(Lys) (PamCSK, a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 agonist) and lipid A (a TLR4 agonist).

Acidic extracellular pH promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition in Lewis lung carcinoma model.

Background: Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is thought to be an essential feature of malignant tumor cells when they spread into the stroma. Despite the extracellular acidity of tumor tissues, the effect of acidic extracellular pH (pH e ) on EMT in carcinoma models, including the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) model, remains unclear.

Methods: High and low metastatic LLC variants were generated by repeated tail vein injection of metastatic cells.

Mouse macrophages primed with alendronate down-regulate monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) production in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 agonist via Smad3 activation.

Alendronate is one of the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NBPs) used as anti-bone resorptive drugs. However, NBPs have inflammatory side effects including osteomyelitis and osteonecrosis of the jaw. In the present study, we examined the effects of alendronate on chemokine production by the macrophage-like cell line, J774.

[Clinical and pathological study of dysplasia, early invasive carcinoma and invasive carcinoma (the invasion 5mm deep) in oral cavity].

This study was carried out to clarify the clinico-pathological conditions of dysplasia, early carcinoma and invasive carcinoma (the invasion 5mm deep) in oral cavity. 57 cases (61 lesions), Which were resected by surgery alone, and diagnosed histologically as dysplasia, early invasive carcinoma and invasive carcinoma (the invasion 5mm deep), were used. All lesions were serially sectioned, and the relationship between clinical and histological appearances were examined.

[Histological study on the early-invasive modes of oral squamous cell carcinoma].

The main purpose of this study was to Jarify the early invasive modes of carcinoma of oral mucosa. For the histological observation, the specimens were surgically removed and sectioned stepwise and serially. The results were as follows.

[Experimental study of growth and development of the dentofacial complex in the rat. Influence of anterior displacement of mandible].

The purpose of this study was to detect the influence on the growth and development of the maxillofacial cranium due to anterior crossbite in early childhood. The author observed the morphological changes of the maxillofacial cranium of rats in which of mandible was induced anterior crossbite artificially. Experimental animals used in this study were closed colony bred Wistar Crj rats.

[Comparative study of the movements between condyle and exterior point in lateral movement].

The study was performed on 30 left and right temporomandibular joints of 15 adults with normal occlusion. The exterior point was set on condylar center of each subject. Using cephalometric laminagrams and submental-vertical cephalograms, the movement of condyle and the movement of exterior point were compared on the nonworking side in 3mm lateral movement at incisal region.

[Research of condylar movement on nonworking side during quantitative lateral movement of mandible].

Cephalometric laminagraphs were taken on 40 left and right sides of 20 adults with normal occlusion. It was found that condyle of nonworking side during quantitative lateral movement at incisal region with 1mm interval up to 3mm. The results were analyzed by computer superposition graph.

[The clinico-pathological studies on the influence of immediate root canal filling after formalin guaiacol was applied on the extirpated pulp surface].

The method of immediate root canal filling following vital pulp extirpation involves many problems to be solved clinically. Therefore, the present study was performed to increase the clinical usefulness by applying formalin medicine in the root canal before immediate root canal filling after vital pulp extirpation. Group 1 (the group of applying formalin tricresol or formalin guaiacol on the intentionally exposed pulp tissue) Group 2 (pulp extirpation).

[A study on the application of Ga-As semiconductor laser to endodontics. The effects of laser irradiation on the activation of inflammatory cells and the vital pulpotomy].

The effects of laser irradiation on the activation of macrophage and fibroblast were examined by determining the rate of glucose utilization into the cell and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in culture supernatant. The laser irradiated macrophages that had been prepared from the peritoneal exudate cells, did not show any enhancement of activity, whereas fibroblast cell line (Gin 1 cell) were activated by laser irradiation. These findings suggest that laser irradiation was effective for the growth of fibroblast and induced suppressive effects for macrophage.

[Fundamental study of alveolar bone measurements in the hamster using an apparatus for intraoral radiography].

Morphometry of bone resorption in experimental periodontitis is performed primarily by radiography after sacrificing the animal or by microscopy of histopathologic specimens prepared from resected jaw bones. Both techniques are recognized as effective examinations. However, these are cross-sectional procedures involving resection of specimens, and for evaluation of changes in symptoms from reversible to irreversible, which are characteristic of periodontal diseases, or for follow-up of the aging process, application of standard radiography and a method to properly interpret the images obtained are needed.

[Low concentration enflurane anesthesia and local administration of epinephrine in rat. Comparison between the lidocaine group and the distilled water group].

In the surgical operation for oral region, local anesthetic agent added with epinephrine is usually given to the site to be operated in order to obtain better hemostatic effect even under general anesthesia. However, there have been relatively few reports, which describe the circulatory changes after the injection into oral region, the fluctuation of plasma catecholamine concentration and the concentration of local anesthetic agent in plasma. In the present study, 1% lidocaine or distilled water added with 10 micrograms/ml epinephrine was locally injected at 0.

[The influence of playing the clarinet on the dentomaxillofacial morphology and function].

The purpose of this experiment is to understand the influence of playing the clarinet on the dentomaxillofacial morphology and function. The 12 subjects, selected at random (all adults, 4 men and 8 women) had played the clarinet for more than 10 years. The subjects had anamnesis, oral photo pictures, facial photo pictures, cast model, lateral cephalograms (lateral cephalo) and frontal cephalograms (frontal cephalo) taken when they were in centric occlusion and playing the clarinet.

[Ecosystem of microbial flora in periodontal pockets, in vitro].

This study was designed to analyze the succession of an ecosystem of microbial flora in periodontal pockets, in vitro. Bacterial strains used in this study, were Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 10953, Porphyromonas gingivalis 381, Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10557 and Streptococcus mutans OMZ 176. The bacterial cells, associated with beneficial, pathogenic or plaque forming activity, were cultured in brain heart infusion medium including hemin, vitamin-K1, L-cysteine hydrochloride and sodium thioglycollate under anaerobic condition (N2: 80%, CO2: 10%, H2: 10%).

[Studies of the manifold of amylase].

alpha-Amylase (1.4-alpha-D-glucan-glucanohydrolase, E.C 3.