Effect of High Add Power, Medium Add Power, or Single-Vision Contact Lenses on Myopia Progression in Children: The BLINK Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Slowing myopia progression could decrease the risk of sight-threatening complications.

Objective: To determine whether soft multifocal contact lenses slow myopia progression in children, and whether high add power (+2.50 D) slows myopia progression more than medium (+1.

Repeatability and Validity of Peripheral Refraction with Two Different Autorefractors.

Significance: The Welch Allyn SureSight (Welch Allyn, Skaneateles Falls, NY) and Plusoptix PowerRefractor (Plusoptix, Nuremberg, Germany) are often used with infants, but little is known about the repeatability and validity of their peripheral refractive error measurements. Selecting the best instrument will support future refractive error and emmetropization studies.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and repeatability of peripheral refractive error measurements and peripheral refraction profiles measured with the Welch Allyn SureSight and Plusoptix PowerRefractor compared with the criterion standard Grand Seiko WR-5100K (Grand Seiko Co.

Comparison of nanoemulsion and non-emollient artificial tears on tear lipid layer thickness and symptoms.

Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is often managed with over-the-counter eye drops. This study evaluated the diurnal effects of a single drop of two ocular lubricants (nanoemulsion vs. non-emollient) on tear film lipid layer thickness (LLT) and symptoms of ocular dryness.

Factors associated with patient-reported midday fogging in established scleral lens wearers.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of patient-reported midday fogging and to identify risk factors for midday fogging.

Method: A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted with an electronic survey that was distributed to scleral lens practitioners. The survey asked them to describe their most recently examined established scleral lens patient.

Changes in Tear Lipid Layer Thickness and Symptoms Following the Use of Artificial Tears with and Without Omega-3 Fatty Acids: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Crossover Study.

Purpose: To determine if an eye drop containing omega-3 fatty acids (Refresh Optive MEGA-3, Allergan plc, Dublin, Ireland) increases the lipid layer thickness (LLT) of the tear film versus a non-emollient eye drop (Refresh Optive, Allergan plc).

Methods: Patients (≥30 years) with baseline LLT ≤75 nm completed the Current Symptoms Survey (CSS - a visual analog survey of dry eye symptoms), and LLT was measured pre- and post-instillation (15 and 60 mins) of their randomly assigned treatment. After washout, patients were tested with the other treatment.

Bifocal & Atropine in Myopia Study: Baseline Data and Methods.

Significance: The Bifocal & Atropine in Myopia (BAM) study aims to determine whether combining 0.01% atropine and +2.50-diopter add center-distance soft bifocal contact lenses (SBCL) slows myopia progression more than SBCL alone.

Peripheral Refraction and Eye Lengths in Myopic Children in the Bifocal Lenses In Nearsighted Kids (BLINK) Study.

Purpose: Provide a detailed assessment of peripheral refractive error and peripheral eye length in myopic children.

Methods: Subjects were 294 children aged 7 to 11 years with -0.75 to -5.

A study of contact lens compliance in a non-clinical setting.

Purpose: To evaluate soft contact lens replacement, overnight (ON) wear, and contact lens case compliance in a non-clinical sample.

Methods: Subjects (n = 297) were recruited at the Center for Science and Industry (COSI) in Columbus, Ohio. Adult (≥ 18 years) soft contact lens wearers completed a survey about contact lens replacement, ON contact lens wear, and contact lens case replacement habits.

IMI - Interventions Myopia Institute: Interventions for Controlling Myopia Onset and Progression Report.

Myopia has been predicted to affect approximately 50% of the world's population based on trending myopia prevalence figures. Critical to minimizing the associated adverse visual consequences of complicating ocular pathologies are interventions to prevent or delay the onset of myopia, slow its progression, and to address the problem of mechanical instability of highly myopic eyes. Although treatment approaches are growing in number, evidence of treatment efficacy is variable.

A Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Toric Versus Spherical Contact Lenses on Vision and Eyestrain.

Objectives: To compare the effect of toric versus spherical soft contact lenses on objective measures of visual performance using visual acuity and electromyography of the orbicularis oculi muscle.

Methods: Current soft contact lens wearers with -0.75 to -1.

Dynasore protects the ocular surface against damaging oxidative stress.

Water soluble "vital" dyes are commonly used clinically to evaluate health of the ocular surface; however, staining mechanisms remain poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests that sublethal damage stimulates vital dye uptake by individual living cells. Since cell damage can also stimulate reparative plasma membrane remodeling, we hypothesized that dye uptake occurs via endocytic vesicles.

Inner Retinal Changes in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Revealed Through Adaptive Optics-Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To examine the microstructural changes in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) in a primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) subject at 2 timepoints, 4 months apart.

Patients And Methods: This case-control study (1 POAG subject and 1 normal control) used the single cell, 3-dimensional volumetric imaging capability of an adaptive optics-optical coherence tomography-scanning laser ophthalmoscopy system to examine the inner retina.

Results: At the area of greatest glaucomatous change in the POAG subject [3-degrees temporal (T), 3-degrees inferior (I), right eye], the GCL was greatly thinned at both timepoints, yet retinal ganglion cell soma remained visible amid a meshwork of capillaries.

Clusterin from human clinical tear samples: Positive correlation between tear concentration and Schirmer strip test results.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between tear concentration of the homeostatic protein clusterin (CLU) and dry eye signs and symptoms, and to characterize tear CLU protein.

Methods: Two independent studies were conducted, one in Tucson (44 subjects), the other in Los Angeles (52 subjects). A cohort study design was employed to enroll patients without regard to dry eye diagnosis.

Retinal dysfunction in a presymptomatic patient with Huntington's disease.

Purpose: Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric disturbances. Studies have shown retinal abnormalities in patients and mouse models with HD; however, to our knowledge, no prior research papers evaluated retinal structure and function in a presymptomatic patient with HD. The aim of this report is to present a case of retinal dysfunction in a presymptomatic patient with HD.

Eye wash water flow direction study: an evaluation of the effectiveness of eye wash devices with opposite directional water flow.

Introduction: New designs of eye wash stations have been developed in which the direction of water flow from the fountain has been reversed, with two water streams originating nasally in both eyes and flowing toward the temporal side of each eye. No study has been done to determine the ideal direction of water flow coming from the eye wash in relation to the eye.

Materials And Methods: Ophthalmic eye examinations were conducted before and after the use of two eye wash stations with opposite water flow directionality.

Visual Acuity and Over-refraction in Myopic Children Fitted with Soft Multifocal Contact Lenses.

Significance: Practitioners fitting contact lenses for myopia control frequently question whether a myopic child can achieve good vision with a high-add multifocal. We demonstrate that visual acuity is not different than spectacles with a commercially available, center-distance soft multifocal contact lens (MFCL) (Biofinity Multifocal "D"; +2.50 D add).

Screening for convergence insufficiency in school-age children.

Background: Convergence insufficiency (CI) is a common binocular vision disorder which often causes symptoms when doing near work. However, the best screening test for CI is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of common tests of binocular and accommodative function to identify children with CI in a school screening setting.

The Ohio Contrast Cards: Visual Performance in a Pediatric Low-vision Site.

Significance: This report describes the first clinical use of the Ohio Contrast Cards, a new test that measures the maximum spatial contrast sensitivity of low-vision patients who cannot recognize and identify optotypes and for whom the spatial frequency of maximum contrast sensitivity is unknown.

Purpose: To compare measurements of the Ohio Contrast Cards to measurements of three other vision tests and a vision-related quality-of-life questionnaire obtained on partially sighted students at Ohio State School for the Blind.

Methods: The Ohio Contrast Cards show printed square-wave gratings at very low spatial frequency (0.

Efficacy of Toric Contact Lenses in Fitting and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Contact Lens Wearers.

Objectives: To assess whether patient-reported measures are improved with soft toric contact lenses (TCLs) compared with soft spherical contact lenses (SCLs) and whether clinical time needed to fit TCL is greater than SCL.

Methods: Habitual contact lens wearers with vertexed spherical refraction +4.00 to +0.

Epidemiology of contact lens-induced infiltrates: an updated review.

Corneal infiltrative events (CIEs) are well established as a risk associated with soft contact lens wear. The incidence of symptomatic CIEs during extended soft lens wear ranges from 2.5 to six per cent; when asymptomatic CIEs are included, the incidence can be as high as 20-25 per cent.

Centration and Decentration of Contact Lenses during Peripheral Gaze.

Significance: Varying amounts of peripheral defocus reported in previous studies are likely due to whether peripheral defocus is measured while turning the eyes or the head. Contact lenses (CLs) lag when viewing objects in peripheral gaze, so future studies ought to measure peripheral defocus while turning the head to measure defocus through the peripheral add power.

Purpose: Soft multifocal CL peripheral defocus studies report varying results.

A Pilot Study of Horizontal Head and Eye Rotations in Baseball Batting.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to measure and compare horizontal head and eye tracking movements as baseball batters "took" pitches and swung at baseball pitches.

Methods: Two former college baseball players were tested in two conditions. A pitching machine was used to project tennis balls toward the subjects.