Reducing Sedation for Pediatric Thoracic CT Imaging Using Volumetric Target-mode EKG Gating.

Introduction: Many children require sedation for imaging. We aimed to reduce sedation for thoracic (chest and cardiac) computed tomography (CT) scans in children 0-4 years old from 65% to 20% by December 2018 and to sustain.

Methods: We counted baseline, intervention, and a follow-up period thoracic CT scans performed with sedation in children 0-4 years old.

Genome Sequence of the Bacteriophage Eugenia.

We report the discovery and genome sequence of mycobacteriophage Eugenia, isolated from soil samples collected in Akron, OH. Eugenia is a double-stranded DNA virus with a genome size of 69,139 bp, featuring 104 predicted protein-encoding genes, with 32 of these genes assigned putative functions.

The Feasibility of Personalized Endpoints in Assessing Treatment Outcomes in Rare Disease: A Pilot Study of Goal Attainment Scaling in SCN2A-Associated Developmental Epileptic Encephalopathy.

Objectives: For individuals living with rare neurodevelopmental disorders, especially those who are at the most severe end of the spectrum, standardized outcome measures may lack the sensitivity to capture small but meaningful changes. Personalized endpoints such as Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) allow the assessment of treatment response across variable baseline states and disease manifestations and thus provide a highly sensitive measure of efficacy. The current study tested the feasibility of using GAS in rare SCN2A-associated developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (SCN2A-DEE).

Resazurin dye is an in vivo sensor of kidney tubular function.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the main functional index of kidney health and disease. Currently, no methods are available to directly measure tubular mass and function. Here, we report a serendipitous finding that the in vitro cell viability dye resazurin can be used in mice as an exogenous sensor of tubular function.

Association of Obesity on Rates of Multiglandular Disease in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Cohort Study.

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is more prevalent in populations with obesity. Obesity-related vitamin D deficiency may affect rates of multigland parathyroid disease, but this relationship is less clear. We aimed to assess the relationship between obesity and the rate of multigland disease in patients with PHPT.

Comparative Outcomes of a Cognitive-Behavioral Skills Building Program on the Mental Health and Healthy Behaviors of Prenursing Students.

Background: Nursing students experience significantly more stress related diseases when compared to non-nursing students, and the state of their mental health can result in short-term increased attrition rates and increased nursing shortages.

Purpose: A preexperimental pre-post study design was used to examine mental health and healthy behaviors among prenursing students.

Methods: Cohorts received the MINDSTRONG© program either in-person or virtually.

The Validity and Usability of Markerless Motion Capture and Inertial Measurement Units for Quantifying Dynamic Movements.

Purpose: Motion capture technology is quickly evolving providing researchers, clinicians, and coaches with more access to biomechanics data. Markerless motion capture and inertial measurement units (IMUs) are continually developing biomechanics tools that need validation for dynamic movements before widespread use in applied settings. This study evaluated the validity of a markerless motion capture, IMU, and red, green, blue, and depth (RGBD) camera system as compared to marker-based motion capture during countermovement jumps, overhead squats, lunges, and runs with cuts.

Perioperative Benzodiazepine Exposure Impacts Risk of New Persistent Benzodiazepine Use Among Patients with Cancer.

Background: Benzodiazepines are the third most misused medication, with many patients having their first exposure during a surgical episode. We sought to characterize factors associated with new persistent benzodiazepine use (NPBU) among patients undergoing cancer surgery.

Patients And Methods: Patients who underwent cancer surgery between 2013 and 2021 were identified using the IBM-MarketScan database.

Systemic hydroa vacciniforme lymphoproliferative disorder in a patient with chronic active EBV infection.

Hydroa vacciniforme lymphoproliferative disorders (HVLPD) fall within the clinical spectrum of chronic active epstein barr virus (EBV) disease (CAEBVD), ranging from localised and/or indolent forms (classic HVLPD) to systemic disease with fever, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy (systemic HVLPD). A preadolescent male with 47XYY, multicystic dysplastic kidney, autism spectrum disorder and Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) presented with photodistributed non-pruritic, non-painful necrotic papulovesicles accompanied by non-febrile intermittent fatigue and lymphadenopathy. The patient had a history of EBV pneumonia in infancy confirmed by CT scan and was later diagnosed with CAEBV.

Changing the culture: increasing captured intraoperative anaesthesia-related safety events through targeted interventions.

Background: There is an under-reporting of anaesthesia-related safety events. Incident-capturing systems (ICSs) are essential for patient safety monitoring, identifying risks and ongoing opportunities for improvement. After a literature review and assessment of our current ICSs, we concluded that our institution lacked a reliable anaesthesia-specific ICS system, leading to under-reporting of anaesthesia-related safety events.

Chronic spontaneous urticaria remission definition and therapy stepping-down. WAO Position Paper.

Background: There is no global agreement on the definition of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU) remission.

Objective: To generate a consensus for clinical definitions in CSU focused on remission.

Methods: The World Allergy Organization (WAO) Urticaria Committee systematically reviewed current available longitudinal articles.

Mycovirome of Diaporthe helianthi and D. gulyae, causal agents of Phomopsis stem canker of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.).

Diaporthe gulyae and D. helianthi cause Phomopsis stem canker, which is a yield-limiting fungal disease of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the United States.

Changes in Patent Ductus Arteriosus Management and Outcomes in Infants Born at 26 to 28 Weeks' Gestation.

Objective: To investigate the association between the secular decrease in treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA ) and trends in neonatal mortality and morbidity in infants born at 26 0/7 to 28 6/7 weeks' gestation.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study including infants born between 2012 and 2021 in continually participating hospitals in the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. The primary composite outcome was defined as surgical necrotizing enterocolitis, grade 2-3 bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), severe intraventricular hemorrhage, or death.

Does high perceived stress over the past month alter cortisol reactivity to the Trier Social Stress Test?

Background: Theories highlight the important role of chronic stress in remodeling HPA-axis responsivity under stress. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is one of the most widely used measures of enduring stress perceptions, and no previous studies have evaluated whether greater perceptions of stress on the PSS are associated with cortisol hypo- or hyperactivity responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST).

Objective: To examine if high perceived stress over the past month, as measured by the PSS, alters cortisol and subjective acute stress reactivity to the TSST in healthy young adults.

Nerve dissection technique for excision of parotid tumors: Outcomes controlling for tumor size and location.

Purpose: We examined operative efficiency, rate of facial nerve paresis, and post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing retrograde (RGD) vs anterograde dissection (AGD) of the facial nerve controlling for tumor location.

Methods: Single-institution, retrospective analysis of patients with benign parotid tumors undergoing superficial parotidectomy with facial nerve dissection over a six-year period. Operative and pathology reports were reviewed to classify tumor size, location in relation to facial nerve branches, and technique for facial nerve dissection.

Rebuilding the clinical and operational acute care pharmacist productivity model: Leveraging electronic health record data and analytics at an academic medical center.

Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Extending Fundamental Cause Theory to Holistic Health.

Fundamental Cause Theory (FCT) offers a unique middle range and longitudinal understanding of the lasting social causational relationships between certain social conditions and disease/death. In this research note, I argue that FCT should extend its outcome measures beyond physical disease and death into holistic health. I briefly review how FCT is evaluated, explore the proposed extension and discuss some operational and conceptual challenges using mental illness and positive mental health outcomes as exemplars.

Perioperative Changes in Serum Transaminases Levels Predicts Long-Term Survival Following Liver Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: We sought to define whether and how hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) as manifested by perioperative aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) levels impact long-term outcomes after curative-intent resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Patients And Methods: Intrasplenic injection of HCC cells was used to establish a murine model of HCC recurrence with versus without I/R injury. Patients who underwent curative resection for HCC were identified from a multi-institutional derivative cohort (DC) and separate external validation (VC) cohort.

Carbapenem-induced β-lactamase-isoform expression trends in Acinetobacter baumannii.

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb) is an urgent bacterial threat to public health, with only a few treatment options and a > 50% fatality rate. Although several resistance mechanisms are understood, it is still impossible to predict which mutations are most likely to occur. Here, we demonstrate that independent samples of Ab, exposed to different carbapenems with escalating concentrations, show concentration- and carbapenem-dependent trends in β-lactamase-isoform expression.

Impact of same-day sleeve gastrectomy surgery on postoperative emergency department visits: analysis from the Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative.

Background: Same-day discharge after sleeve gastrectomy (SDDSG) is being performed in select patient populations with increased regularity since 2020.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of SDDSG on emergency department (ED) visits.

Setting: Academic and private practice bariatric surgery programs participating in a statewide quality improvement collaborative.

Probing the eukaryotic microbes of ruminants with a deep-learning classifier and comprehensive protein databases.

Metagenomics, particularly genome-resolved metagenomics, has significantly deepened our understanding of microbes, illuminating their taxonomic and functional diversity and roles in ecology, physiology, and evolution. However, eukaryotic populations within various microbiomes, including those in the mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract, remain relatively underexplored in metagenomic studies due to the lack of comprehensive reference genome databases and robust bioinformatics tools. The GI tract of ruminants, particularly the rumen, contains a high eukaryotic biomass although a relatively low diversity of ciliates and fungi, which significantly impacts feed digestion, methane emissions, and rumen microbial ecology.