Forging new paths in the development of community mental health interventions for people with mental illness at risk of criminal legal system contact.

Background: Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) have disproportionately high rates of criminal legal system involvement. For many, this becomes a repeated cycle of arrest and incarceration. Treatments that address symptoms of mental illness are a critical component of the continuum of services for people with SMI in the legal system; yet on their own, psychiatric treatments have not been successful at reducing criminal legal system involvement for this population.

Protection of Alzheimer's disease progression by a human-origin probiotics cocktail.

Microbiome abnormalities (dysbiosis) significantly contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the therapeutic efficacy of microbiome modulators in protecting against these ailments remains poorly studied. Herein, we tested a cocktail of unique probiotics, including 5 Lactobacillus and 5 Enterococcus strains isolated from infant gut with proven microbiome modulating capabilities.

GC1126A, a novel ADAMTS13 mutein, evades autoantibodies in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a rare and life-threatening blood disorder characterized by the formation of blood clots in small blood vessels. It is caused by antibodies targeting the A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 repeats, member 13 (ADAMTS13), which plays a role in cleaving von Willebrand factor. Most patients with iTTP have autoantibodies against specific domains of the ADAMTS13 protein, particularly the cysteine-rich and spacer domains.

Why Do They Persist? Understanding Living Kidney Donors and Persistence.

Many participants persist through the living kidney donation process, although it is challenging, multifaceted, and burdensome, particularly during the predonation evaluation (PDE) phase. This study uses a constructivist grounded theory approach to analyze the experiences of living kidney donors (LKDs) undergoing evaluation who shared their perspectives in blog reflections. One hundred five (105) blog posts met the inclusion criteria.

Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite as new biomarkers for early diagnosis of autism.

Autism spectrum disorder, or autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder of the developing child's brain with a genetic causality. It can be diagnosed at about three years after birth when it begins to present itself via a range of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Nitric oxide is a crucial small molecule of life synthesized within cells of our body systems, including cells of our brain.

Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP): Is it exclusively placental?

Background: Adverse pregnancies outcomes present a clinical dilemma in Perinatal medicine. This is partly due to lack of accuracy of current biomarkers to predict high-risk pregnancies at an earlier stage. The placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) carrying extracellular vesicles (EVs), and their cargo have been reported as a source of biomarkers for placental health and an indication of pre-eclampsia progression.

Adenomas from individuals with pathogenic biallelic variants in the MUTYH and NTHL1 genes demonstrate base excision repair tumour mutational signature profiles similar to colorectal cancers, expanding potential diagnostic and variant classification applications.

Background: Colorectal cancers (CRCs) from people with biallelic germline likely pathogenic/pathogenic variants in MUTYH or NTHL1 exhibit specific single base substitution (SBS) mutational signatures, namely combined SBS18 and SBS36 (SBS18+SBS36), and SBS30, respectively. The aim was to determine if adenomas from biallelic cases demonstrated these mutational signatures at diagnostic levels.

Methods: Whole-exome sequencing of FFPE tissue and matched blood-derived DNA was performed on 9 adenomas and 15 CRCs from 13 biallelic MUTYH cases, on 7 adenomas and 2 CRCs from 5 biallelic NTHL1 cases and on 27 adenomas and 26 CRCs from 46 non-hereditary (sporadic) participants.

Activity of Platinum Chemotherapy in Men With Prostate Cancer With and Without DNA Damage Repair Mutations.

Introduction: Alterations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes occur in 20%-30% of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) which may increase sensitivity to platinum chemotherapy. Specifically, exceptional responses to platinum chemotherapy have been reported among patients with BRCA mutations. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of platinum chemotherapy in patients with mCRPC with and without HRR.

Outcomes associated with local treatment of nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma in dogs: 89 cases (2003-2020).

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics, treatments, complications, and outcomes in dogs with nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) undergoing local treatment.

Methods: A retrospective, multi-institutional study was performed. Medical records were searched to identify dogs diagnosed with nasal planum SCC.

Effects of maze appearance on maze solving.

As mazes are typically complex, cluttered stimuli, solving them is likely limited by visual crowding. Thus, several aspects of the appearance of the maze - the thickness, spacing, and curvature of the paths, as well as the texture of both paths and walls - likely influence the performance. In the current study, we investigate the effects of perceptual aspects of maze design on maze-solving performance to understand the role of crowding and visual complexity.

Contextual cues can be used to predict the likelihood of and reduce interference from salient distractors.

Our attention can sometimes be disrupted by salient but irrelevant objects in the environment. This distractor interference can be reduced when distractors appear frequently, allowing us to anticipate their presence. However, it remains unknown whether distractor frequency can be learned implicitly across distinct contexts.

Mitochondrial uncouplers inhibit oncogenic E2F1 activity and prostate cancer growth.

Mitochondrial uncouplers dissipate proton gradients and deplete ATP production from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). While the growth of prostate cancer depends on OXPHOS-generated ATP, the oncogenic pathway mediated by the transcription factor E2F1 is crucial for the progression of this deadly disease. Here, we report that mitochondrial uncouplers, including tizoxanide (TIZ), the active metabolite of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anthelmintic nitazoxanide (NTZ), inhibit E2F1-mediated expression of genes involved in cell cycle progression, DNA synthesis, and lipid synthesis.

The Availability of Paternity Leave in US Surgical Residencies: A Study of Program Websites.

Introduction: As family dynamics evolve, an increasing number of male residents are embracing parenthood during their training. Consequently, paternity leave has emerged as a crucial consideration. The aim of this study was to determine the gap in public availability of paternity leave policies in surgical residency programs across the United States.

Poly(curcumin-co-poly(ethylene glycol)) films provide neuroprotection following reactive oxygen species insult in vitro.

Curcumin is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule that may provide neuroprotection following central nervous system (CNS) injury. However, curcumin is hydrophobic, limiting its ability to be loaded and then released from biomaterials for neural applications. We previously developed polymers containing curcumin, and these polymers may be applied to neuronal devices or to neural injury to promote neuroprotection.

Ocular examinations before and after total ear canal ablation and bulla osteotomy can help recognize and prevent potential vision-threatening abnormalities in cats and dogs.

Objective: To report ocular examination findings before and after total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy (TECALBO) and ventral bulla osteotomy (VBO) in cats and dogs.

Methods: At The Ohio State University and MedVet Columbus, ophthalmic examinations were performed on client-owned animals for which a TECALBO or VBO was indicated. Examination findings and postoperative complications relating to ophthalmic and/or neuro-ophthalmic diseases were recorded prior to surgery (T0) and at 1 day (T1), 2 to 3 weeks (T14), and ± 2 months (T60) postoperatively.

Fuel accumulation shapes post-fire fuel decomposition through soil heating effects on plants, fungi, and soil chemistry.

Forty percent of terrestrial ecosystems require recurrent fires driven by feedbacks between fire and plant fuels. The accumulation of fine fuels in these ecosystems play a key role in fire intensity, which alters soil nutrients and shapes soil microbial and plant community responses to fire. Changes to post-fire plant fuel production are well known to feed back to future fires, but post-fire decomposition of new fuels is poorly understood.

Structural basis of nearest-neighbor cooperativity in the ring-shaped gene regulatory protein TRAP from protein engineering and cryo-EM.

The homo-dodecameric ring-shaped RNA binding attenuation protein (TRAP) from binds up to twelve tryptophan ligands (Trp) and becomes activated to bind a specific sequence in the 5' leader region of the operon mRNA, thereby downregulating biosynthesis of Trp. Thermodynamic measurements of Trp binding have revealed a range of cooperative behavior for different TRAP variants, even if the averaged apparent affinities for Trp have been found to be similar. Proximity between the ligand binding sites, and the ligand-coupled disorder-to-order transition has implicated nearest-neighbor interactions in cooperativity.

Palmitoylation-dependent association with Annexin II directs hepatitis E virus ORF3 sorting into vesicles and quasi-enveloped virions.

Historically considered to be nonenveloped, hepatitis E virus (HEV), an important zoonotic pathogen, has recently been discovered to egress from infected cells as quasi-enveloped virions. These quasi-enveloped virions circulating in the blood are resistant to neutralizing antibodies, thereby facilitating the stealthy spread of infection. Despite abundant evidence of the essential role of the HEV-encoded ORF3 protein in quasi-enveloped virus formation, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Anti-Mycobacterial Activity of Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors with Dioxygenated Linkers.

Developing new classes of drugs that are active against infections caused by is a priority for treating and managing this deadly disease. Here, we describe screening a small library of 20 DNA gyrase inhibitors and identifying new lead compounds. Three structurally diverse analogues were identified with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 0.

Beyond Increasing Sample Sizes: Optimizing Effect Sizes in Neuroimaging Research on Individual Differences.

Linking neurobiology to relatively stable individual differences in cognition, emotion, motivation, and behavior can require large sample sizes to yield replicable results. Given the nature of between-person research, sample sizes at least in the hundreds are likely to be necessary in most neuroimaging studies of individual differences, regardless of whether they are investigating the whole brain or more focal hypotheses. However, the appropriate sample size depends on the expected effect size.

Does Weekend Discharge Affect Readmission and Survival in Liver Transplant Patients? Insights From a Cohort Study.

Background: Weekend hospital discharges are often associated with reduced staffing, potentially impacting the quality of patient care. We studied the effects of weekend discharge after liver transplantation (LT) on early readmission rates, overall survival (OS), and graft survival (GS).

Method: We analyzed data from the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center database (January 2016 to December 2023).

Probing the Neurodynamic Mechanisms of Cognitive Flexibility in Depressed Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in social behavior and executive function (EF), particularly in cognitive flexibility. Whether transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can improve cognitive outcomes in patients with ASD remains an open question. We examined the acute effects of prefrontal TMS on cortical excitability and fluid cognition in individuals with ASD who underwent TMS for refractory major depression.