Athlete Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators Abuse: A Systematic Review.

Background: Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are small-molecule compounds that exert agonist and antagonist effects on androgen receptors in a tissue-specific fashion. Because of their performance-enhancing implications, SARMs are increasingly abused by athletes. To date, SARMs have no Food and Drug Administration approved use, and recent case reports associate the use of SARMs with deleterious effects such as drug-induced liver injury, myocarditis, and tendon rupture.

Surgical excision of symptomatic lateral band snapping syndrome in small finger proximal interphalangeal joint.

Lateral band snapping syndrome can be a debilitating condition involving the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint of the fingers. Although rare, it is thought to occur due to disruption of the finger extensor mechanism allowing inappropriate subluxation of the lateral bands over the PIP joint, leading to mechanical and painful symptoms.Here, we describe a woman in her early 40s with a painful, snapping PIP joint secondary to a work-related injury.

Integrating social learning, social networks, and non-parental transgenerational plasticity.

Transgenerational plasticity (TGP) has largely focused on how parental exposure to ecological conditions shapes the phenotypes of future generations. However, organisms acquire information about their ecological environment via social learning, which can also shape TGP in profound ways. We demonstrate that non-parents alter how parents detect and respond to environmental cues in ways that spillover to affect offspring, non-parents influence offspring even without direct physical interactions, and parental cues received by offspring can alter the phenotypes of other juveniles.

Textbook outcome in liver surgery for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: defining predictors of an optimal postoperative course using machine learning.

Background: We sought to define textbook outcome in liver surgery (TOLS) for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) by considering the implications of perioperative outcomes on overall survival (OS).

Methods: Using a multi-institutional database, TOLS for ICC was defined by employing novel machine learning (ML) models to identify perioperative factors most strongly predictive of OS ≥ 12 months. Subsequently, clinicopathologic factors associated with achieving TOLS were investigated.

Next-generation sequencing demonstrates racial and sex differences in genomic profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma patients: an AACR GENIE project analysis.

Background: Genomic variations related to racial and sex differences among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been investigated. We sought to characterize the mutational landscape of patients with HCC relative to race and sex.

Methods: The American Association for Cancer Research GENIE project (v16.

The public health risks of counterfeit pills.

Synthetic illicit drugs, such as nitazenes and fentanyls, are becoming commonplace in countries around the world, including in Europe, Australia, and Latin America, which raises concern for overdose crises like those seen in North America. An important dimension of the risk represented by synthetic drugs is the fact that they are increasingly packaged in counterfeit pill form. These pills-often indistinguishable from authentic pharmaceuticals-have substantially widened the scope of populations susceptible to synthetic drug overdose in North America (eg, among adolescents experimenting with pills or tourists from the USA seeking psychoactive medications from pharmacies in Mexico).

Rhinoconjunctivitis Symptoms in Children and Adolescents with Asthma: A Longitudinal Clustering Analysis.

Background: Rhinoconjunctivitis phenotypes are conventionally described based on symptom severity, duration and seasonality and aeroallergen sensitization. It is not known whether these phenotypes fully reflect the patterns of symptoms seen at a population level.

Objective: To identify phenotypes of rhinoconjunctivitis based on symptom intensity and seasonality using an unbiased approach and to compare their characteristics.

Risk of severe maternal morbidity and mortality among pregnant patients with chronic kidney disease: Renal disease and severe maternal morbidity.

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a significant cause of adverse obstetric outcomes. However, there are few studies assessing the risk of severe maternal morbidity and mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease and no studies assessing the association between individual indicators of severe maternal morbidity and chronic kidney disease.

Objective: To evaluate the risk of severe maternal morbidity and mortality among pregnant patients with chronic kidney disease.

Phase 2 Open-Label Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan as Second-Line Therapy in Patients With Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: Results From TROPiCS-03.

Introduction: The phase 2 TROPiCS-03 study evaluated the efficacy/safety of sacituzumab govitecan (SG) as second-line treatment in patients with previously treated extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC).

Methods: TROPiCS-03 (NCT03964727) is a multicohort, open-label, phase 2 basket study in solid tumors, including ES-SCLC. Adults with ES-SCLC that progressed after one prior line of platinum-based chemotherapy and anti-programmed death-(ligand) 1 (PD-[L]1) therapy received SG 10 mg/kg on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle.

Land Use Change Consistently Reduces α- But Not β- and γ-Diversity of Bees.

Land use change threatens global biodiversity and compromises ecosystem functions, including pollination and food production. Reduced taxonomic α-diversity is often reported under land use change, yet the impacts could be different at larger spatial scales (i.e.

Histopathologic Features of Acral Skin Biopsies in Dermatomyositis Patients and Comparison to Histopathologic Features in Non-Acral Biopsies.

Background: Acral lesions may represent the best/only skin lesions to biopsy in patients suspected to have dermatomyositis (DM). However, histopathologic features of acral DM skin lesions are poorly characterized.

Methods: We reviewed 50 acral biopsies from 46 DM patients and assessed numerous histopathologic features.

Middle Ear Mechanics in the Barn Owl.

The barn owl is a common research subject in auditory science due to its exceptional capacity for high frequency hearing and superb sound source localization capabilities. Despite longstanding interest in the auditory performance of barn owls, the function of its middle ear has attracted remarkably little attention. Here, we report the middle ear transfer function measured by laser Doppler vibrometry and direct measurements of inner ear pressures.

Divergent paths of mammary gland involution: unveiling the cellular dynamics in abruptly and gradually involuted mouse models.

Background: Epidemiological studies associate an increase in breast cancer risk, particularly triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), with lack of breastfeeding. This is more prevalent in African American women, with significantly lower rate of breastfeeding compared to Caucasian women. Prolonged breastfeeding leads to gradual involution (GI), whereas short-term or lack of breastfeeding leads to abrupt involution (AI) of the breast.

Obesity-associated memory impairment and neuroinflammation precede widespread peripheral perturbations in aged rats.

Background: Obesity and metabolic syndrome are major public health concerns linked to cognitive decline with aging. Prior work from our lab has demonstrated that short-term high fat diet (HFD) rapidly impairs memory function via a neuroinflammatory mechanism. However, the degree to which these rapid inflammatory changes are unique to the brain is unknown.

Hypoxia promotes tumor immune evasion by suppressing MHC-I expression and antigen presentation.

Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors that has previously been linked to resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and more recently to immunotherapy. In particular, hypoxic tumors exclude T cells and inhibit their activity, suggesting that tumor cells acquire a mechanism to evade T-cell recognition and killing. Our analysis of hypoxic tumors indicates that hypoxia downregulates the expression of MHC class I and its bound peptides (i.

Establishing bio-logging data collections as dynamic archives of animal life on Earth.

Rapid growth in bio-logging-the use of animal-borne electronic tags to document the movements, behaviour, physiology and environments of wildlife-offers opportunities to mitigate biodiversity threats and expand digital natural history archives. Here we present a vision to achieve such benefits by accounting for the heterogeneity inherent to bio-logging data and the concerns of those who collect and use them. First, we can enable data integration through standard vocabularies, transfer protocols and aggregation protocols, and drive their wide adoption.

Effect of implant loading protocols and associated factors on the success rate of implant therapy: A retrospective clinical study.

Statement Of Problem: Although immediate implant loading has shown promising clinical results and high survival rates, an increased risk of implant failure and complications has been reported. Achieving consistently predictable outcomes with this approach remains a challenge, but evidence-based guidelines to assist in selecting suitable patients are lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective clinical study was to investigate the success rate, survival rate, and complications of immediate implant loading compared with early and delayed loading.

Machine learning based prediction model for bile leak following hepatectomy for liver cancer.

Objective: We sought to develop a machine learning (ML) preoperative model to predict bile leak following hepatectomy for primary and secondary liver cancer.

Methods: An eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model was developed to predict post-hepatectomy bile leak using data from the ACS-NSQIP database. The model was externally validated using data from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) multi-institutional databases.

Bariatric surgery targeting opioid prescribing: a national model for effectively reducing opioid use after bariatric surgery.

Background: Prescription opioids are responsible for a significant proportion of opioid-related deaths in the United States. Approximately 6% of opioid-naïve patients who receive opioid prescriptions after surgery become chronic opioid users. However, chronic opioid use after bariatric surgery may be twice as common.

Prevalence of food and housing insecurity among direct support professionals in New York.

Background: Low earnings are associated with household insecurity. Direct Support Professionals (DSPs) provide support for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, typically for wages close to state minimums, and may experience insecurity.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of food and housing insecurity among DSPs.

Development of differential sublaminar feedforward inhibitory circuits in CA1 hippocampus requires .

Pyramidal cells (PCs) in CA1 hippocampus can be classified by their radial position as deep or superficial and organize into subtype-specific circuits necessary for differential information processing. Specifically, superficial PCs receive fewer inhibitory synapses from parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons than deep PCs, resulting in weaker feedforward inhibition of input from CA3 Schaffer collaterals. Using mice, we investigated mechanisms underlying CA1 PC differentiation and the development of this inhibitory circuit motif.

Plasma cell and cancer stem cell crosstalk in glioblastoma.

Plasma cells (PCs) are the main producers of antibodies and have context-dependent roles in tumor immunity. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Gao et al. report that intratumoral PCs drive maintenance of glioblastoma stem cells to promote tumor growth via IgG secretion that activates a FcγRIIA-SYK-AKT signaling axis.

Accountable Care Organizations, Child Opportunity Index, and Complicated Appendicitis in Children.

Introduction: Child Opportunity Index (COI) is associated with complicated appendicitis (CA) in children. Value-based care through an accountable care organization (ACO) may modify this association. We aimed to determine if enrollment in our state's ACO, Partners For Kids (PFK), modified the association between COI and CA.