Accelerated Destruction of Passive Film and Microbial Corrosion of 316L Stainless Steel via Extracellular Electron Transfer.

The dense passive film on 316L stainless steel is the key in its corrosion resistance. Its interactions with an electroactive biofilm are critical in deciphering microbial corrosion. Herein, an in-depth investigation using genetic manipulations and addition of an exogenous electron mediator found that extracellular electron transfer (EET) mediated by the electroactive S.

coordinates the IL-10 inducing activity of .

Unlabelled: The intestine is home to a complex immune system that is engaged in mutualistic interactions with the microbiome that maintain intestinal homeostasis. A variety of immune-derived anti-inflammatory mediators have been uncovered and shown to be critical for maintaining these beneficial immune-microbiome relationships. Notably, the gut microbiome actively invokes the induction of anti-inflammatory pathways that limit the development of microbiome-targeted inflammatory immune responses.

Survival Disparity and the Unique Genomic and Microbiome Profiles of Colon Cancer in Appalachian Kentucky.

Background: Colon cancer is a leading cause of mortality in Appalachian Kentucky. Studies suggest that the microbiome may influence cancer outcomes. We investigate differential gene expression, the tumor microbiome, and the association between the two as potential drivers of disparities in colon cancer outcomes.

Comprehensive Analysis of the Spectrum of Osteoarticular Infections in Children.

Background: Studies of pediatric osteoarticular infections (OAIs) mostly focus on acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) and acute bacterial arthritis (ABA). A comprehensive descriptive analysis of pediatric OAIs, including subacute, chronic, and non-hematogenous types, is lacking.

Methods: A detailed analysis of all pediatric OAIs was undertaken at two academic centers, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.

Impact of Hepatoblastoma on Infectious Complications Following Pediatric Liver Transplantation.

Background: Liver transplantation is the standard therapy for end-stage liver disease in pediatric patients with biliary atresia (BA), congenital and metabolic conditions, and for an unresectable malignant tumor like hepatoblastoma (HB). BA is the leading indication for pediatric liver transplantation, while HB is the most common childhood liver cancer. Despite improved outcomes through advanced surgical techniques and novel immunosuppression, pediatric liver transplantation (pLT) is complicated by post-transplant infections.

Using an Oral Sugar Test to Biologically Validate the Use of a Commercial Enzyme Immunoassay to Measure Salivary Insulin in Western Lowland Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla).

Noninvasive evaluations of hormones can contribute to the assessment of health and welfare of animals. Variations in insulin levels and sensitivity, for example, have been linked to health concerns in non-human and human primates including insulin resistance, diabetes, and heart disease, the leading cause of death in zoo-housed gorillas. Few published studies have assessed insulin concentrations in western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), and all did so using serum.

Proteomic profiling of zinc homeostasis mechanisms in through data-dependent and data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry.

Zinc is central to the function of many proteins, yet the mechanisms of zinc homeostasis and their interplay with other cellular systems remain underexplored. In this study, we employ data-dependent acquisition (DDA) and data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry to investigate proteome changes in under conditions of different zinc availability. Using these methods, we detected 2143 unique proteins, 1578 of which were identified by both DDA and DIA.

Face and Content Validity of Tympanostomy Tube Simulator With Variable Canal Size.

Simulators allow junior otolaryngology residents to practice the delicate procedure of pressure equalization tube (PET) insertion. However, most simulators lack the ability to mimic the differing anatomic complexities between patients, such as variable external auditory canal (EAC) size. We developed a novel low-cost, medium-fidelity 3-dimensional-printed PET simulator with different EAC sizes to better reflect procedure complexity.

Ketamine Infusion as an Adjunct to Opioid Analgesia in Pediatric Patients with High-Risk Neuroblastoma Undergoing Treatment with Dinutuximab: Adverse Effects and Safety in a Non-ICU Setting.

Introduction: Anti-GD2 immunotherapy has improved outcomes for children with high-risk neuroblastoma (HRNBL). Dinutuximab promotes complement-mediated reaction against disialoganglioside GD2, which is expressed in peripheral nerves and over-expressed in neuroblastoma. Dinutuximab is associated with ≥grade 3 neuropathic pain.

Transdermal electrophysiological recordings of diet-induced small fiber peripheral neuropathy using a needle electrode array in mice and man.

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes. Proactive treatment options remain limited, which is exacerbated by a lack of sensitive and convenient diagnostics, especially early in disease progression or specifically to assess small fiber neuropathy (SFN), the loss of distal small diameter axons that innervate tissues and organs.

Methods: We designed, fabricated, tested, and validated a first-of-its-kind medical diagnostic device for the functional assessment of transdermal small fiber nerve activity.

A genetically based computational drug repurposing framework for rapid identification of candidate compounds: application to COVID-19.

Background: The development and approval of novel drugs are typically time-intensive and expensive. Leveraging a computational drug repurposing framework that integrates disease-relevant genetically regulated gene expression (GReX) and large longitudinal electronic medical record (EMR) databases can expedite the repositioning of existing medications. However, validating computational predictions of the drug repurposing framework remains a challenge.

The PIKASO trial (Preventing Injured Knees from Osteoarthritis: Severity Outcomes): Rationale and design features for a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Given the high burden and increasing prevalence of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), identifying clinically beneficial strategies to prevent or delay its onset could improve the quality of life of those at high risk of developing the disease.

Methods: Preventing Injured Knees from OsteoArthritis: Severity Outcomes (PIKASO) is a multicenter blinded, parallel, two-arm randomized controlled trial of 512 individuals aged 18-45 years undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of a 12-month intervention of oral metformin vs.

NSF NeXUS: A New Model for Accessing the Frontiers of Ultrafast Science.

NSF NeXUS is an open-access user facility that enables observation of electron motion with sub-femtosecond time resolution, angstrom spatial resolution, and element-specific spectral resolution.

Sex and race disparities in emergency department patients with chest pain and a detectable or mildly elevated troponin.

Background: Identifying and eliminating health disparities is a public health priority. The goal of this analysis is to determine whether cardiac testing or outcome disparities exist by race or sex in patients with detectable to mildly elevated serum troponin.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the CMR-IMPACT trial that randomized patients with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome and a detectable or mildly elevated troponin measure from 4 US hospitals to an early invasive angiography or cardiac MRI strategy.

Evolving Landscape of Parkinson's Disease Research: Challenges and Perspectives.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It occurs due to a gradual deficit of dopamine-producing brain cells, particularly in the substantia nigra. The precise etiology of PD is not fully understood, but it likely involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Pericoronary adipose tissue feature analysis in computed tomography calcium score images in comparison to coronary computed tomography angiography.

Purpose: We investigated the feasibility and advantages of using non-contrast CT calcium score (CTCS) images to assess pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) and its association with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). PCAT features from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) have been shown to be associated with cardiovascular risk but are potentially confounded by iodine. If PCAT in CTCS images can be similarly analyzed, it would avoid this issue and enable its inclusion in formal risk assessment from readily available, low-cost CTCS images.

How Intergenerational Estrangement Matters for Maternal and Adult Children's Health.

Objective: We compare maternal and adult child health outcomes across 1) (i.e., no contact, or low contact and low quality), 2) (i.

Right atrial metastasis after renal cell carcinoma operation: a case report.

Background: Treatment options for patients with high-risk metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) include immune checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), but clinical manifestations and treatment of these patients are rarely reported because patients with cardiac metastases and abrupt circulatory disorders are very rare and there are no precise guidelines to follow. In this study, we analyzed and discussed the clinical characteristics, related characteristics, pathogenesis and treatment strategies of patients with cardiac metastases of kidney cancer, so as to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac metastatic tumors.

Case Description: The patient was diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma and underwent surgical radical resection, no special treatment was performed after surgery.

FOXR2 in cancer development: emerging player and therapeutic opportunities.

Cancer, a leading cause of global mortality, remains a significant challenge to increasing life expectancy worldwide. Forkhead Box R2 (FOXR2), identified as an oncogene within the FOX gene family, plays a crucial role in developing various endoderm-derived organs. Recent studies have elucidated FOXR2-related pathways and their involvement in both tumor and non-tumor diseases.

Challenges of Engaging Primary Care Providers in Specialized Telementoring Education About Sickle Cell Disease for Sickle Cell Specialists: Results from the Sickle Cell Disease Training and Mentoring Program for Primary Care Providers (STAMP) Project ECHO.

Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder affecting approximately 100,000 individuals in the U.S. A lack of knowledgeable providers, particularly for adult patients, has led to a significant number of adults without access to high-quality care.

Pro-inflammatory dietary pattern and the risk of female gout: sex-specific findings from three prospective cohort studies.

Objective: We aimed to determine whether a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern (mechanism-based diet) is associated with incident female gout among two large cohorts of US women.

Methods: We prospectively followed 79,104 women from Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1984-2016) and 93,454 women from NHSII (1991-2017); 45,445 men from Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2016) served as a comparison cohort. Validated food frequency questionnaires were used to calculate Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP; food-based index predictive of circulating inflammatory biomarkers) scores every 4-years.

Bayesian Analysis of Censored Linear Mixed-Effects Models for Heavy-Tailed Irregularly Observed Repeated Measures.

The use of mixed-effect models to understand the evolution of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the progression of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been the cornerstone of longitudinal data analysis in recent years. However, data from HIV/AIDS clinical trials have several complexities. Some of the most common recurrences are related to the situation where the HIV viral load can be undetectable, and the measures of the patient can be registered irregularly due to some problems in the data collection.

Observation of Real-Time Spin-Orbit Torque Driven Dynamics in Antiferromagnetic Thin Film.

In the burgeoning field of spintronics, antiferromagnetic materials (AFMs) are attracting significant attention for their potential to enable ultra-fast, energy-efficient devices. Thin films of AFMs are particularly promising for practical applications due to their compatibility with spin-orbit torque (SOT) mechanisms. However, studying these thin films presents challenges, primarily due to the weak signals they produce and the rapid dynamics driven by SOT, that are too fast for conventional electric transport or microwave techniques to capture.