Eruptive keratoacanthoma secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitors: a narrative review.

The use of immunotherapy is an emerging treatment option for advanced malignancies. Cutaneous adverse events following cancer immunotherapy are well-documented in the literature. The rarer cutaneous adverse effects are less characterized, including eruptive keratoacanthomas (KA).

Wait Time to See a Neurologist After Referral Among Medicare Participants.

Background And Objectives: Timely access to specialist care is crucial in expeditious diagnosis and treatment. Our study aimed to assess the time patients wait from being referred by a physician to seeing a neurologist using Medicare data. Specifically, we evaluated differences in access related to sex, race/ethnicity, geography, and availability of neurologists.

A building block for science talk: Educational TV supports parent-child conversations during an engineering activity.

We investigated the impact of parents' open-ended questions during collaborative science activities. Specifically, we randomly assigned 116 parents (69.8% mothers; 89.

Associations of personality trait level and change with mortality risk in 11 longitudinal studies.

People who are higher in conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness and lower in neuroticism tend to live longer. The present research tested the hypothesis that personality trait change in middle and older adulthood would also be associated with mortality risk, above and beyond personality trait level. Personality trait change may causally influence mortality risk through corresponding changes in health behaviors, social processes, and stress experience.

A cardiac transcriptional enhancer is repurposed during regeneration to activate an anti-proliferative program.

Zebrafish have a high capacity to regenerate their hearts. Several studies have surveyed transcriptional enhancers to understand how gene expression is controlled during heart regeneration. We have identified REN or the runx1 enhancer that during regeneration regulates the expression of the nearby runx1 gene.

Impact of Academic Medical Centers on Surgical Outcomes of Neighboring Non-Academic Medical Centers.

Introduction: We aimed to investigate the geographic variation of Academic Medical Centers (AMCs) across different healthcare markets and the impact on surgical outcomes in nearby non-AMCs.

Methods: Patients who underwent major surgery between 2016 and 2021 were identified from the Medicare Standard Analytic Files. Healthcare markets were delineated using Dartmouth Atlas hospital referral regions.

Textbook Neoadjuvant Experience: Defining a Novel Composite Outcomes Measure for Patients with Pancreatic Cancer Undergoing Neoadjuvant Therapy.

Background: Neoadjuvant therapy (NT) is increasingly utilized for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Disease progression, toxicity, and failure to undergo surgical resection are common during NT, yet little research has focused on efforts to optimize care delivery. We sought to define and validate a novel composite outcomes metric that characterizes the successful delivery of NT.

Treatment of focal anaplastic Wilms tumor: A report from the Children's Oncology Group AREN0321 and AREN03B2 studies.

Background: In the fifth National Wilms Tumor Study, patients received vincristine and dactinomycin (VA) without radiation for stage I focal anaplastic Wilms tumor (FAWT) and VA plus doxorubicin (DD4A) and radiation for stage II-IV FAWT. Four-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) for stage I FAWT were 67.5% and 88.

Decoding Monogenic Hypertension: A Review of Rare Hypertension Disorders.

Hypertension is a growing concern worldwide, with increasing prevalence rates in both children and adults. Most cases of hypertension are multifactorial, with various genetic, environmental, socioeconomic, and lifestyle influences. However, monogenic hypertension, a blanket term for a group of rare of hypertensive disorders, is caused by single-gene mutations that are typically inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, and ultimately disrupt normal blood pressure regulation in the kidney or adrenal gland.

Impact of diagnostic testing on outcomes of children with rumination syndrome.

Objectives: Rumination syndrome (RS) is diagnosed based on clinical criteria with or without diagnostic testing showing characteristic findings on antroduodenal manometry (ADM), high-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM), and multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH testing (MII-pH). The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between diagnostic testing and clinical outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of children with RS evaluated at our institution.

Household Exposure to Substance Abuse and the Risk of New Persistent Opioid Use After Cancer Surgery.

Background: Household-level factors may also influence the risk of new persistent opioid use (NPOU). We sought to assess the risk of NPOU among individuals with household exposure to substance abuse.

Methods: Opioid-naïve individuals who underwent oncological procedures were identified using the IBM MarketScan database.

Genomic Profiling of Biliary Tract Cancers: Comprehensive Assessment of Anatomic and Geographic Heterogeneity, Co-Alterations and Outcomes.

Background: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) represent distinct biological and genomic entities. Anatomic and geographic heterogeneity in genomic profiling of BTC subtypes, genomic co-alterations, and their impact on long-term outcomes are not well defined.

Methods: Genomic data to characterize alterations among patients with BTCs were derived from the AACR GENIE registry (v15.

Validation, bias assessment, and optimization of the UNAFIED 2-year risk prediction model for undiagnosed atrial fibrillation using national electronic health data.

Background: Prediction models for atrial fibrillation (AF) may enable earlier detection and guideline-directed treatment decisions. However, model bias may lead to inaccurate predictions and unintended consequences.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to validate, assess bias, and improve generalizability of "UNAFIED-10," a 2-year, 10-variable predictive model of undiagnosed AF in a national data set (originally developed using the Indiana Network for Patient Care regional data).

TSPO-PET Reveals Higher Inflammation in White Matter Disrupted by Paramagnetic Rim Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis.

Objective: To explore whether the inflammatory activity is higher in white matter (WM) tracts disrupted by paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) and if inflammation in PRL-disrupted WM tracts is associated with disability in people with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: Forty-four MS patients and 16 healthy controls were included. 18 kDa-translocator protein positron emission tomography (TSPO-PET) with the C-PK11195 radioligand was used to measure the neuroinflammatory activity.

An Entropy-Based Approach to Model Selection with Application to Single-Cell Time-Stamped Snapshot Data.

Recent single-cell experiments that measure copy numbers of over 40 proteins in individual cells at different time points [time-stamped snapshot (TSS) data] exhibit cell-to-cell variability. Because the same cells cannot be tracked over time, TSS data provide key information about the time-evolution of protein abundances that could yield mechanisms that underlie signaling kinetics. We recently developed a generalized method of moments (GMM) based approach that estimates parameters of mechanistic models using TSS data.

Autophagy-Mediated Downregulation of AXL and TIM-1 Promotes Sustained Zika Virus Infection.

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection can lead to a variety of clinical outcomes, including severe congenital abnormalities. The phosphatidylserine (PS) receptors AXL and TIM-1 are recognized as critical entry factors for ZIKV . However, it remains unclear if and how ZIKV regulates these receptors during infection.

GABA receptor-mediated potentiation of ventral medial habenula glutamatergic transmission in GABAergic and glutamatergic interpeduncular nucleus neurons.

The medial habenula (MHb)-interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) pathway plays an important role in information transferring between the forebrain and the midbrain. The MHb-IPN pathway has been implicated in the regulation of fear behavior and nicotine addiction. The synapses between the ventral MHb and the IPN show a unique property, i.

Risk Factors Predicting Outcomes in Advanced Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have moved to the frontline in recent years to manage upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tumors, such as esophageal and gastric cancers. This retrospective review sheds light on real-world data on ICI-treated UGI tumors to identify risk factors (clinical and pathological) impacting the outcome other than traditional biomarkers (programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) or microsatellite instability status).

Methods: Patients with UGI tumors who received at least one dose of ICI for stage IV or recurrent disease between January 1, 2015, and July 31, 2021, at The Ohio State University were included in the study.

Effects of Immediate Postpartum Diuretic Treatment on Postpartum Blood Pressure among Individuals with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with ongoing postpartum hypertension (HTN) and increased morbidity. Extravascular water and sodium mobilization is implicated in postpartum blood pressure (BP) elevation, however trials of postpartum diuretics in HDP have had mixed results. Our meta-analysis aimed to analyze the impact of postpartum diuretics on postpartum hypertension following HDP.

Comparison of Machine Learning Models in Predicting Mental Health Sequelae Following Concussion in Youth.

Youth who experience concussions may be at greater risk for subsequent mental health challenges, making early detection crucial for timely intervention. This study utilized Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) networks to predict mental health outcomes following concussion in youth and compared its performance to traditional models. We also examined whether incorporating social determinants of health (SDoH) improved predictive power, given the disproportionate impact of concussions and mental health issues on disadvantaged populations.

Association between peripartum cardiomyopathy and mood disorders in a large, national U.S. cohort.

Objective: To examine the association between mood disorders in pregnancy and postpartum and peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study utilizing the National Inpatient Sample from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality of pregnant and postpartum patients from 2017-2019. Patients were separated into two groups based on ICD-10 coding for presence or absence of mood disorder (depression, bipolar depression, anxiety, or other mood diagnosis).

Impact of an Oncology Clinical Pharmacist Intervention on Clinical Trial Enrollment in The US Oncology Network's MYLUNG Consortium.

Introduction: The Molecularly Informed Lung Cancer Treatment in a Community Cancer Network: A Pragmatic Consortium™ (MYLUNG) clinical trial platform aims to advance the use of precision medicine in patients with non-small cell lung cancer through a series of prospective and iterative clinical trials. Timely patient accrual onto oncology clinical trials is a known practice challenge and impaired accrual rates can lead to premature trial closure or properly powered trial outcomes. The US Oncology Network recently implemented a clinical pharmacist (ClinReview) initiative to provide remote clinical services to screen patients for enrollment onto MYLUNG Protocol 2.

Improving Access to Early Developmental Evaluation in Academic Primary Care Centers.

Introduction: Developmental disorders (DDs) affect approximately 1 in 6 children in the United States. Early identification and treatment improve developmental outcomes and child and family functioning. Disparities exist in the diagnosis of DD that leads to inequitable access to developmental services during important periods of neuroplasticity.