Orchestrated response from heterogenous fibroblast subsets contributes to repair from surgery-induced stress after airway reconstruction.

Surgery of the tracheobronchial tree carries high morbidity, with over half of the complications occurring at the anastomosis. Although fibroblasts are crucial in airway wound healing, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms in airway reconstruction remain unknown. We hypothesized that airway reconstruction initiates a surgery-induced stress (SIS) response, altering fibroblast communication within airway tissues.

Generative Artificial Intelligence in Anatomic Pathology.

Context.—: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in various fields, including anatomic pathology, where it offers the potential to significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy, workflow efficiency, and research capabilities.

Objective.

Positionality statements: Intersectional considerations for rehabilitation psychology.

Introduction: Positionality statements accompanying peer-reviewed publications are increasingly being implemented in academic journals across many disciplines, including psychology. These statements serve as transparent, public acknowledgments of the authors' identities, which can offer valuable insight into the authors' work in the context of their lived experiences and potential biases. However, journal editors and associated staff risk harm by uniformly adopting a policy on positionality statements without consideration of the unintended consequences of implementing such practices.

Kidney organ injury scaling: 2025 update.

The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma initially published the organ injury scaling for the kidney in 1989, which was subsequently updated in 2018. This current American Association for the Surgery of Trauma kidney organ injury scaling update incorporates the latest evidence in diagnosis and management of renal trauma and is based upon a multidisciplinary consensus. These changes reflect the near universal use of computed tomography for renal trauma evaluation and the widespread adoption of conservative management across all grades of renal trauma.

Secondhand vape exposure regulation of CFTR and immune function in cystic fibrosis.

Secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) is a public health threat for people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and other lung diseases. Primary smoking reduces CFTR channel function, the causative defect in CF. We reported that SHSe worsens respiratory and nutritional outcomes in CF by disrupting immune responses and metabolic signaling.

C-Reactive Protein Changes in Adult and Pediatric People With Cystic Fibrosis During Treatment of Pulmonary Exacerbations.

Objective: Although studies have examined changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) during pulmonary exacerbations (PEX) in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF), few have evaluated CRP profiles across age groups. Here, we characterize age-related CRP responses to PEX treatment.

Methods: We measured CRP concentrations at the beginning and end of intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy for PEX in 100 pediatric and 147 adult PwCF at 10 US CF Centers.

Incidence of Adrenal Insufficiency in Patients with High-Risk Neuroblastoma: A Single-Institution Analysis.

Background: Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, with about half of cases classified as high risk. Treatment varies by risk level, with high-risk patients undergoing aggressive multimodal therapy. While long-term survival has improved, survivors face significant risks of late treatment effects, including adrenal insufficiency.

Food access and the severity of newly diagnosed pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.

Objectives: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from genetic susceptibility, gut microbiome, and environmental factors. Diet, one modifiable environmental factor, has been linked to the increased prevalence of IBD. This study aimed to evaluate a potential association between food deserts and disease severity at diagnosis.

A Rare Sequela of Untreated Streptococcus Pharyngitis: A Case Report.

Pharyngitis is commonly caused by the gram positive bacteria, streptococcus. Given the potential morbid complications of untreated streptococcal pharyngitis, antibiotics are critical. One of the rarer complications is pulmonary-renal syndrome (PRS), defined as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.

Management of Clinically Node-Negative Salivary Gland Cancer: Observation, Neck Dissection, or Neck Irradiation?

Introduction: Salivary gland malignancies are heterogeneous tumors with highly variable outcomes. Elective neck management options include observation, neck dissection (ND), and neck irradiation (NI). We sought to compare outcomes of cN0 salivary gland cancer by elective neck management.

Assessing fecal contamination from human and environmental sources using as an indicator in rural eastern Ethiopian households-a cross-sectional study from the EXCAM project.

Introduction: Enteric pathogens are a leading causes of diarrheal deaths in low-and middle-income countries. The Exposure Assessment of Infections in Rural Ethiopia (EXCAM) project, aims to identify potential sources of bacteria in the genus and, more generally, fecal contamination of infants during the first 1.5 years of life using as indicator.

Chronic Khat Usage as a Cause of Chronic Hypertensive Encephalopathy and Vascular Dementia: A Case Report.

Khat is a native plant of Eastern Africa that is widely utilized for its stimulant-like effects. It is known to have effects similar to those of amphetamine and has a comparable side effect profile, including tachycardia, hypertension, and insomnia. In this case report, we present a 45-year-old Somali gentleman with a history of more than eight years of chronic Khat use, presenting with progressive cognitive decline.

Perceptions of swine euthanasia among Brazilian caretakers from non-integrated swine farms.

Timely and humane euthanasia is crucial for animal welfare on swine farms, yet challenges persist in its implementation, particularly in Brazil, where the responsibility often falls to caretakers lacking training. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of swine caretakers regarding euthanasia across non-integrated farms (ranging from 1,000 to 3,500 housed sows) and different experience levels (from less than a month to 40 years working with pigs). A total of 117 people directly working with pigs participated in a survey designed to evaluate their decision-making skills, euthanasia competencies, and understanding of Brazilian guidelines for euthanasia methods.

panniculitis in a cat from northern California.

Case Summary: A 9-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat from northern California was evaluated for a 12-month history of dermal and subcutaneous dermatitis in the inguinal region. Histopathologic examination of a biopsy revealed severe, chronic, multifocal to coalescing pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis, accompanied by ulceration and central necrosis. Aerobic bacterial culture of lesions yielded mycobacterial growth.

A socioecological taxonomy of determinants to colorectal cancer screening in black men: Insights from a mixed-methods systematic review.

Background: In the United States, African/Black American (henceforth Black) men face significantly higher mortality rates from colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to other gender, racial, and ethnic groups. Although CRC is preventable and treatable with early detection, screening rates among Black men remain low. This study aimed to synthesize existing literature on the barriers and facilitators (determinants) of CRC screening to offer guidance to primary care teams in their efforts to improve screening uptake.

Parental Perceptions of School Experiences for Children With Epilepsy.

Given the centrality of school to the lives of the more than 450 000 US children living with epilepsy, their interface with schools related to medical and educational needs is critical. This qualitative study explores parental experiences with school systems for the care and education of their children with epilepsy. Two 90-minute focus groups were empaneled with a total of 11 caregivers of children with epilepsy.

DISCOntinuation of disease-modifying therapies in MS: The DISCOMS extension trial.

Background: In the DISCOMS (DISCOntinuation of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS)) randomized clinical trial, we could not demonstrate that discontinuing MS DMTs in older, stable adults was not inferior to continuing DMTs. Relapses were rare in both groups, and most new disease activity was one to two new brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions unassociated with clinical changes.

Objective/aims: Describe results of the DISCOMS extension study.

Opportunities in Bottlebrush Block Copolymers for Advanced Materials.

Bottlebrush block copolymers (BBCPs) are a unique class of materials that contain a backbone with densely grafted and chemically distinct polymeric side chains. The nonlinear architecture of BBCPs provides numerous degrees of freedom in their preparation, including control over key parameters such as grafting density, side chain length, block arrangement, and overall molecular weight. This uniquely branched structure provides BBCPs with several important distinctions from their linear counterparts, including sterically induced side chain and backbone conformations, rapid and large self-assembled nanostructures, and reduced or eliminated entanglement effects (assuming sufficient grafting density and that the molecular weight of the side chains is below their respective entanglement molecular weight).

Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Predicts Intraoperative Experience and Extent of Resection in Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery.

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) level in determining the extent of tumor resection (EOR) and tumor adherence in vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Academic referral center.

Association between procedure duration and adverse events in congenital cardiac catheterization.

Background: Procedure duration is an important predictor of patient outcomes in surgery. However, the relationship between procedure duration and adverse events in congenital cardiac catheterization is largely unexplored.

Methods: All cases entered into the Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Project on Outcomes from 2014 to 2017 were included.

Population genomics of premature termination codons in cavefish with substantial trait loss.

Loss-of-function alleles are a pertinent source of genetic variation with the potential to contribute to adaptation. Cave-adapted organisms exhibit striking loss of ancestral traits such as eyes and pigment, suggesting that loss-of-function alleles may play an outsized role in these systems. Here, we leverage 141 whole genome sequences to evaluate the evolutionary history and adaptive potential of single nucleotide premature termination codons (PTCs) in Mexican tetra.

Heart Rate Variability Predicts Therapy Outcome in Anxiety Disorders: The Role of Inhibitory Learning.

Exposure therapy has been shown to be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders. However, there are individual differences in the extent to which this intervention is effective in reducing symptoms, and a substantial number of patients may experience a return of fear (ROF). The factors associated with successful therapy outcomes are an important topic of investigation as these factors might influence the nature of the interventions as well as enhance our understanding of the process associated with the disorder and its treatment.