[Effect of low-intensity laser-therapy in the correction of encephalopathy in obstructive jaundice].

Unlabelled: Hepatic encephalopathy is an early and severe complication of obstructive jaundice and is characterized by occurrence of non-focal and focal neurological manifestations. Different methods of therapy are applied for disorder correction. Low-intensity laser blood irradiation has a pronounced antioxidant and vasoactive effect.

Expression of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor CSF-1 in Spinal Cord Neurons in Mice with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

In mice with acute and chronic models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a quantitative study of the dynamics of CSF-1 and IL-34 protein levels in the spinal cord and blood plasma was conducted by ELISA and the specificity of CSF-1 expression in spinal cord cells was examined by immunohistological methods. A significant increase in the level of CSF-1 in the spinal cord was detected and populations of motoneurons with intense CSF-1 immunoreactivity were identified in mice with acute and chronic EAE. The obtained results suggest a possible role of CSF-1 in the pathogenesis and progression of EAE/multiple sclerosis.

Conformational Changes in DNA and Protein Biomolecules in Pathogenesis of Ischemic Stroke.

Conformational changes in DNA and protein biomolecules were studied in ischemic stroke (IS) cases varying severity by Raman spectroscopy. The conformational structure of hematoporphyrin was found to change in IS patients, leading to a higher (I/I)/(I/I) ratio (hemoglobin affinity of for ligands) and an increase in I/I (a change in pyrrole conformation). Changes in genomic DNA spectra were observed at frequencies caused by stretching vibrations of primary amines (3400 cm), secondary amines and hydroxyls involved in hydrogen bonding (3100 cm), and CH groups of sugar phosphates (2900 cm) and vibrations of vibrational bonds between nitrogenous bases and sugars (1400 cm).

A novel dihydroacridine derivative targets epidermal growth factor receptor-expressing cancer cells and .

Small molecules are considered a source of novel medicines targeting carcinogenic intracellular pathways including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. The main goal of the study is to assess whether LHT-17-19 could be considered an effective target molecule against EGFR-expressing tumor cells , and . This was an , and experimental study.

[Targeting NMDAR/AMPAR: a promising pharmacotherapeutic approach for depressive disorders].

Depression is a leading cause of disability and reduced work capacity worldwide. The monoamine theory of the pathogenesis of depression has remained dominant for many decades, however, drugs developed on its basis have limited efficacy. Exploring alternative mechanisms underlying this pathology could illuminate new avenues for pharmacological intervention.

[Prospects and possibilities for the treatment of patients with long COVID-19 syndrome].

Aim: To study the efficacy and safety of a drug product based on the succinic acid complex with trimethylhydrazine used to treat patients with asthenic syndrome after a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19).

Materials And Methods: A prospective, multicenter, comparative, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of sequential therapy with Brainmax enrolled 160 patients 12-16 weeks after coronavirus infection (no more than 12 months). The study was conducted at 6 healthcare centers in different regions of the Russian Federation.

[Antibacterial therapy for secondary peritonitis at different ages].

The review is devoted to antibiotic therapy for secondary community-acquired and postoperative peritonitis in children and adults. The authors analyze the features of pathogenic microflora in secondary peritonitis at different ages, sensitivity of microorganisms to various antibacterial drugs. Particular emphasis is placed on the choice of antimicrobial drugs and various antibiotic regimens, especially when initial empiric treatment is prescribed.

Changes in the Neuronal Population of the Spinal Cord of Mice with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis as a Model of Multiple Sclerosis.

We performed a quantitative study of the neuronal population in the spinal cord of mice with acute and chronic model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunohistological/immunofluorescent analysis with motor neuron marker ChAT revealed a significant decrease in the number of motor neurons in the ventral horns of the lumbar spinal cord in the acute form of autoimmune encephalomyelitis, with the further appearance of large empty (containing no motor neurons) areas in the ventral horns in the chronic form. The development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is accompanied by degradation and death of neurons, in particular ChAT motor neurons.

Morphofunctional Characteristics of Erythrocytes and Blood Erythropoietin Level in Patients as Predictors of Severe Course of COVID-19.

Morphological and functional characteristics of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and erythropoietin level in the venous blood were evaluated by laser interference microscopy, Raman spectroscopy with a short-focus extreme aperture lens monochromator, and by ELISA, respectively, in 30 patients with verified moderate COVID-19 at the time of hospitalization and 30 healthy volunteers. The patients whose course of COVID-19 has worsened to critical by day 5 had already had lower (p<0.001) indicators at the time of hospitalization such as the area and thickness of erythrocytes, the hemoglobin distribution and packing density, hemoglobin conformation index (I/I)/(I/I) reflecting its oxygen affinity, and blood erythropoietin content.

Advantages of the Liposomal Form of Xymedon in Leukopoiesis Restoration against the Background of Myelosuppressive Therapy with Liposomal Antineoplastic Drugs in Experiment.

We analyzed advantages of the liposomal form of Xymedon (50 and 100 mg/kg) over free Xymedon (in the corresponding doses) in leukopoiesis restoration in rats with Walker-256 carcinoma treated with liposomal combination of doxorubicin (4 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (45 mg/kg) (single intravenous injection on day 11 after transplantation of tumor cells). Liposomal and free Xymedon were injected intravenously over 5 days starting from day 11 of the experiment. Changes in leukopoiesis in peripheral blood and myelograms were assessed on days 3 and 7 after chemotherapy.

Analysis of influence of background therapy for comorbidities in the period before infection on the risk of the lethal COVID outcome. Data from the international ACTIV SARS-CoV-2 registry («Analysis of chronic non-infectious diseases dynamics after COVID-19 infection in adult patients SARS-CoV-2»).

Aim      To study the effect of regular drug therapy for cardiovascular and other diseases preceding the COVID-19 infection on severity and outcome of COVID-19 based on data of the ACTIVE (Analysis of dynamics of Comorbidities in paTIents who surVived SARS-CoV-2 infEction) registry.Material and methods  The ACTIVE registry was created at the initiative of the Eurasian Association of Therapists. The registry includes 5 808 male and female patients diagnosed with COVID-19 treated in a hospital or at home with a due protection of patients' privacy (data of nasal and throat smears; antibody titer; typical CT imaging features).

Effect of Xymedon and Mexidol in Combination with Antineoplastic Drugs on Spermatogenesis Indicators and Functional State of Spermatozoa in Rats with Walker-256 Carcinoma.

We compared the effect of Xymedon (100 mg/kg), Mexidol (50 mg/kg), and their combination on spermatogenesis indicators and functional state of spermatozoa in rats with Walker-256 carcinoma treated with doxorubicin (4 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (45 mg/kg) (once intraperitoneally on day 11 after tumor cells transplantation). Xymedon and Mexidol were injected intramuscularly for 10 days starting from day 11 of the experiment. The studied parameters were evaluated on experimental days 14 and 21.

[Hepatic distress syndrome in surgery: concept, pathogenesis, prevention and correction].

Objective: To establish the universality and regularity of hepatic disorders, their role in pathogenesis of homeostasis impairment and determine scientific base for a new syndrome - hepatic distress syndrome in surgery.

Material And Methods: Chronic experiments on outbred dogs were carried out. Acute peritonitis was simulated in the first group (=15), acute destructive pancreatitis in the second group (=15), acute obstructive intestinal obstruction in the third group (15).

[Systemic inflammatory response syndrome in pancreatic necrosis: triggers and organ damage].

Objective: To determine the main trigger mechanisms of multiple organ failure in acute severe pancreatitis.

Material And Methods: An experimental study included 26 dogs with pancreatic necrosis. We assessed homeostasis disorders and functional changes in the pancreas, bowel, liver, kidneys, lungs and heart.

[Systemic membrane-destabilizing distress syndrome in surgery: concept, pathogenesis, diagnosis].

Aim: To justify the concept of systemic membrane-destabilizing distress syndrome in surgery via analysis of phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes of various organs in urgent surgical abdominal diseases.

Material And Methods: Experimental research on dogs (n=90) included modeling of peritonitis, pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction, obstructive jaundice, and post-hemorrhagic anemia. Clinical and laboratory studies were performed in patients (n=119) with acute peritonitis, severe pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction, post-hemorrhagic anemia, acute cholecystitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, benign mechanical jaundice.

Effectiveness of mebeverine in patients with post-cholecystectomy gastrointestinal spasm: results of prospective observational program "odyssey".

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of mebeverine 200 mg BID in patients with post-cholecystectomy gastrointestinal spasm not requiring surgical treatment.

Materials And Methods: 218 patients were included in 16 clinical centers in 14 cities in Russia. All patients had post-cholecystectomy gastrointestinal spasms, not requiring surgical treatment and received mebeverine (Duspatalin®) 200 mg BID.

Novel aminochromone derivative inhibits tumor growth on xenograft model of lung cancer in mice.

2-Amino-4H-chromene derivatives possess anticancer property proved on different and models of malignancies such breast, nasopharyngeal, bladder, ovary carcinomas, astrocytoma, and osteosarcoma. We assumed it might be effective to apply one of the derivatives as promising approach to lung carcinoma treatment. to evaluate how novel 4-aryl substituted 2-amino-4H-chromene derivative AX-554 impacts tumor growth and progression, as well as possible mechanisms for anticancer effect development on patient-derived heterotopic xenograft model of lung carcinoma in mice.

[Role of and genes polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of stroke of the Erzya population in the Republic of Mordovia].

Aim: To determine the frequency of GPIIIa and eNOS genes polymorphisms in patients with ischemic stroke in the Erzya population in the Republic of Mordovia.

Material And Methods: An open, prospective, randomized study included 4 groups: 1) Erzya with ischemic stroke (main group, n=65), 2) Russians with ischemic stroke (comparison group, n=60), 3) Erzya healthy volunteers (control-1, n=63), 4) Russian healthy volunteers (control-2, n=61). T1565C polymorphism of GPIIIa gene (rs5918) and G894T polymorphism of eNOS gene (rs1799983) were determined by real-time PCR.

Morphofunctional State of Erythrocytes in Rats with Walker-256 Carcinoma Treated with Docetaxel and Xymedon.

We compared the effect of xymedon (100 mg/kg) and Mexidol (50 mg/kg) on morphometric parameters of erythrocytes and oxygen-transporting function of hemoglobin in rats with Walker-256 carcinoma treated with docetaxel (15 mg/kg once intraperitoneally on day 11 after tumor cells transplantation). Xymedon and Mexidol were injected intramuscularly for 10 days starting from day 11 of the experiment. The studied parameters were evaluated on experimental days 14 and 22.