A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a GHSR blocker in people with alcohol use disorder.

BACKGROUNDStudies have demonstrated the role of ghrelin in alcohol-related behaviors and consumption. Blockade of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), which is the ghrelin receptor, has been shown to decrease alcohol drinking and reward-related behaviors across several animal models. We previously conducted a human study testing a GHSR inverse agonist/competitive antagonist, PF-5190457, in individuals who are heavy drinkers and showed its safety when coadministered with alcohol.

Lessons learned from 150 total gastrectomies for prevention of cancer.

Background: Prophylactic total gastrectomy (PTG) is performed in carriers of CDH1 pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants and is becoming more frequent with broader use of germline genetic testing. There is an unmet need to standardize care and enhance outcomes among patients undergoing surgery for the prevention of gastric cancer.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 150 individuals with germline CDH1 P/LP variants who underwent PTG as part of a prospective natural history study from October 2017 to May 2023.

Generation and characterization of two iPSC lines derived from subjects with Free Sialic Acid Storage Disorder (FSASD).

Free sialic acid storage disorder (FSASD) is a rare, autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative disorder caused by biallelic mutations in SLC17A5, encoding the lysosomal transmembrane sialic acid exporter, SLC17A5. Defects in SLC17A5 lead to lysosomal accumulation of free sialic acid and other acid hexoses. The clinical spectrum of FSASD ranges from mild (Salla disease) to severe infantile forms.

The Support Hospital Opioid Use Disorder Treatment (SHOUT) Texas program implementation strategy for expanding treatment for hospitalized adults with opioid use disorder.

Introduction: In 2017, we launched the "B-Team" (buprenorphine team), the first hospitalist-led opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment program in Texas. Based on initial success, we obtained funding from Texas Health & Human Services to expand the model to other hospitals in Texas through the Support Hospital Opioid Use Disorder Treatment (SHOUT) Texas program.

Methods: This is a mixed methods study of the implementation of the SHOUT program, which is an OUD treatment intervention, in different hospitals in Texas.

Long-term retention of real-world experiences in a patient with profound amnesia.

The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is known to be critical for healthy memory function, but patients with MTL damage can, under certain circumstances, demonstrate successful learning of novel information encountered outside the laboratory. Here, we describe a patient, D.C.

Cardiovascular Disease, Brain Glucose Metabolism, and Neurocognitive Decline in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and neuroinflammation are thought to exacerbate neurocognitive dysfunction in treated people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). Here, we longitudinally measured brain glucose metabolism as a measure of neuronal integrity in treated PWH using [F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in correlation with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) scores, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neuroinflammatory markers, neurocognitive outcomes, and other clinical and laboratory variables (CLVs).

Methods: Well-controlled PWH (n = 36) underwent baseline and follow-up FDG PET/CT obtained 3.

Differential Tractography: A Biomarker for Neuronal Function in Neurodegenerative Disease.

GM1 gangliosidosis is an ultra-rare inherited neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder caused by biallelic mutations in the gene. GM1 is uniformly fatal and has no approved therapies, although clinical trials investigating gene therapy as a potential treatment for this condition are underway. Novel outcome measures or biomarkers demonstrating the longitudinal effects of GM1 and potential recovery due to therapeutic intervention are urgently needed to establish efficacy of potential therapeutics.

The effect of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use on vaccine acceptance, uptake, and adherence: a systematic review.

Background: Vaccine hesitancy is increasingly recognized as a health challenge affecting populations worldwide. Given the biological vulnerabilities and structural barriers people who use substances and/or have behavioral addictions face, this systematic review aims to evaluate whether this subpopulation is less prone to adhere to vaccination recommendations.

Methods: Electronic searches of published original research were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and PsycINFO from database inception to December 2022.

Drinking motives link positive and negative life events to problematic alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study.

Purpose: Stressful life events are associated with problematic drinking, and alcohol misuse has been exacerbated during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While coping motives may account for this association, positive life events (PLEs) and enhancement motives are understudied. To address these gaps, we examined the associations of history of alcohol use disorder (AUD), negative life events (NLEs), and PLEs with problematic alcohol use and tested coping and enhancement motives as mediators.

Dynamics of Splenic Transient Elastography in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder.

Introduction: Splenic stiffness (SS) measurement (SSM) is an evolving noninvasive assessment to evaluate portal hypertension. Studies with respect to SSM in patients with alcohol use disorder are limited.

Methods: We studied patients seeking treatment for alcohol use disorder in an inpatient treatment protocol at the National Institutes of Health and parsed SSM into 3 groups based on degree of change.

Diet quality from early pregnancy through 1-y postpartum: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Although diet quality during pregnancy and postpartum is important for multiple parent and child outcomes, within-person changes in diet quality throughout these periods have not been extensively examined.

Objectives: This study investigated diet quality from early pregnancy through 1 y postpartum and examined differences by sociodemographic characteristics in participants receiving obstetric care in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States.

Methods: Participants completed 24-h dietary recalls at 6 study visits (each pregnancy trimester and 6 wk, 6 mo, and 1 y postpartum) (n = 383).

Central nervous system involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease: a magnetic resonance imaging study.

Purpose: To characterize brain MR imaging findings in a cohort of 58 patients with ECD and to evaluate relationship between these findings and the BRAF pathogenic variant.

Methods: ECD patients of any gender and ethnicity, aged 2-80 years, with biopsy-confirmed ECD were eligible to enroll in this study. Two radiologists experienced in evaluating ECD CNS disease activity reviewed MRI studies.

Persistent Autonomic and Immunologic Abnormalities in Neurologic Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV2 Infection.

Objectives: After acute coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), people often experience fatigue, "brain fog," or other central neurologic symptoms (neuro-post-acute SARS-CoV2, or "Neuro-PASC"). In this observational study we evaluated whether abnormalities noted on initial evaluation persist after at least another year.

Methods: Neuro-PASC research participants who had undergone comprehensive inpatient testing at the NIH Clinical Center returned after at least 1 year for follow-up assessments including symptoms rating scales, MRI, lumbar puncture for tests of the CSF, physiologic recordings during the Valsalva maneuver and head-up tilting (with serial plasma catechols and cardiac Doppler ultrasound during the tilting), blood volume measurement, skin biopsies to examine sympathetic innervation, and blood sampling for neuroendocrine and immunologic measures.

Patient-reported outcomes and functional assessments of patients with Alkaptonuria in a 3-year Nitisinone treatment trial.

Alkaptonuria is a rare disorder of tyrosine catabolism caused by deficiency of homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase that leads to accumulation of homogentisic acid (HGA). Deposition of HGA-derived polymers in connective tissue causes progressive arthropathy of the spine and large joints, cardiac valvular disease, and genitourinary stones beginning in the fourth decade of life. Nitisinone, a potent inhibitor of the upstream enzyme, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, dramatically reduces HGA production.