Synergistic cobalt oxide/reduced graphene oxide/biochar nano-composite catalyst: harnessing the power of the catalyst for sustainable remediation of organic dyes and chromium(vi).

The exponential growth of industrial activities has led to a significant rise in the release of organic effluents, containing hazardous heavy metals and dyes, into the environment. These pollutants exhibit resistance to conventional biodegradation processes and are associated with carcinogenic properties, posing a severe threat to living organisms. In this context, the present research endeavours to address this environmental challenge through the development of an affordable and efficient photocatalyst, the CoO/reduced graphene oxide/biochar (CBG-10) heterostructure.