Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Neurosyphilis in Rhode Island.

The incidence of syphilis has been steadily rising throughout the United States over the past decade, including Rhode Island. Neurosyphilis is a manifestation of syphilis involving the central nervous system and can present with a multitude of symptoms. We evaluated all cases of syphilis at a single healthcare system in Rhode Island over a 10.

A 14-Year Retrospective Clinical Analysis of Ocular Manifestations of Syphilis in a Portuguese Tertiary Center.

Purpose: Syphilis is a re-emerging infectious disease with various systemic manifestations, including ocular involvement, which can lead to significant morbidity if untreated. This study aims to analyze the ocular manifestations of syphilis in patients treated at a Portuguese tertiary center over a 14-year period.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective review of patients diagnosed with syphilis who presented with ocular symptoms from 2010 to 2023 was conducted.

Cephalic and ocular manifestations of EBV-associated plasmablastic lymphoma: Clinical and radiological response to bortezomib, EPOCH, and intrathecal methotrexate.

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare and aggressive type of lymphoma, particularly affecting HIV-positive and immunocompromised individuals, with a median diagnosis age of 49 years. Cases of this malignancy in HIV-negative individuals are less common and rarely involve the bone marrow. While traditional chemotherapy regimens such as cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (CHOP) were previously utilized in the management of such malignancy, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network currently recommends more intensive approaches.

Bilateral Anterior Uveitis in the Context of Concurrent HIV and Syphilis Co-infection.

This case report presents bilateral anterior uveitis (BAU) in a 26-year-old male concurrently infected with HIV and syphilis, highlighting a rare and complex clinical presentation. BAU, typically linked with systemic diseases, poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges when co-occurring with such infections. Despite common associations with posterior uveitis in co-infected individuals, this patient displayed BAU, underscoring the variability in ocular manifestations.

Immune recovery uveitis: an ocular manifestation in HIV/AIDS receiving treatment.

Purpose Of Review: This article intends to briefly discuss AIDS, summarize the current literature on immune recovery uveitis, describe its ocular manifestations and complications, and tackle its complex management.

Recent Findings: The clinical picture of immune recovery uveitis is still evolving. Up to today, there are still no definite criteria for immune recovery uveitis, and although closely associated with cytomegalovirus retinitis and HIV/AIDS, there are several cases of similar intraocular response in non-HIV patients.

Primary and tertiary management of ocular surface lesions in HIV-infected patients in Ehlanzeni, Mpumalanga Province.

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is the most common ocular surface tumour and is strongly associated with HIV infection. This range of ocular malignancies can be managed early to prevent large tumours requiring invasive treatment, facial disfigurement and mortality. Primary healthcare workers (HCWs) play a critical role in the early identification of the lesion.

Paradoxical Reaction in Intraocular Tuberculosis: Report of Three Cases.

Purpose: To present paradoxical reaction (PR) in three cases with ocular tuberculosis (OTB) treated with antitubercular therapy (ATT), highlighting diagnostic challenges and treatment strategies.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of three OTB patients presenting with paradoxical worsening after ATT initiation at two Brazilian university hospitals.

Results: The patients (2 males, 1 female) experienced worsening clinical presentation (increased inflammation, vision loss) within two to three weeks after initiating ATT.

Functional and structural neuroretinal disorders in HIV Controllers. Prospective cohort study.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and cumulative incidence of neuro-retinal-disorders (NRD) in HIV-controllers.

Design: Prospective, single-centre, cohort study of people living with HIV (PLWH): elite-controllers, long-term-non-progressors and early diagnosed.

Methods: The study compared "HIV-controllers" (including elite-controllers and long-term-non-progressors), who were not on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and "HIV-treatment" (HIV-infected subjects with a recent diagnosis and on ART).

HIV-1 Tat-Mediated Human Müller Glial Cell Senescence Involves Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Dysregulated Autophagy.

Antiretroviral treatments have notably extended the lives of individuals with HIV and reduced the occurrence of comorbidities, including ocular manifestations. The involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in HIV-1 pathogenesis raises questions about its correlation with cellular senescence or its role in initiating senescent traits. This study investigated how ER stress and dysregulated autophagy impact cellular senescence triggered by HIV-1 Tat in the MIO-M1 cell line (human Müller glial cells).

Anterior Non-Necrotizing Scleritis with Active Uveitis in Cases of Ocular Syphilis.

Purpose: To study clinical characteristics and management outcomes of cases of ocular syphilis co-presenting with scleritis and active uveitis.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of cases diagnosed with ocular syphilis between January 2020 and December 2023 was conducted at a tertiary eye care centre. Clinical records, investigations, and outcomes were reviewed to identify cases with scleritis with active uveitis.

Posterior Segment Manifestations of Syphilis and Correlation With Serologic Markers of Infection.

Background And Objective: Retrospective analysis correlating serologic titers of ocular syphilis with posterior segment manifestations.

Patients And Methods: This study consisted of 40 patients (80 eyes imaged, 68 affected) with positive rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and immunoglobulin G. We collected demographic and presentation data including HIV status, absolute CD4 count, RPR, cerebrospinal fluid-venereal disease research laboratory (CSF-VDRL) test, and retinal zone.

Southern African HIV Clinicians Society Guideline for the clinical management of syphilis.

Syphilis, 'the great imitator', caused by infection, remains a complex and multifaceted disease with a rich history of clinical diversity. This guideline aims to be a comprehensive guide for healthcare workers in Southern Africa, offering practical insights into the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic testing, therapeutic principles, and public health responses to syphilis. Although the syphilis burden has declined over the years, recent data indicate a troubling resurgence, particularly among pregnant women and neonates.

Clinical Profile of Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Seen in a Tertiary Eye Clinic.

Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is the medication regimen for the management of human immunodeficiency virus. Over time, it has been dubbed to have revolutionised the clinical course and outcomes of HIV/AIDS.

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the clinical factors associated with the ocular manifestation of HIV/AIDS among patients on HAART.

An observational prospective study based on a large cohort of HIV-negative neurosyphilis patients with particular reference to the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to outline a complete picture of Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) in the central nervous system among HIV-negative neurosyphilis patients.

Methods: A prospective study cohort of 772 cases with almost all stages of neurosyphilis depicted the features of JHR including occurrence rate, risk profiles, clinical manifestations, medical management and prognosis.

Results: The total occurrence rate of JHR was 9.

Ocular manifestations of COVID-19: A systematic review of current evidence.

Introduction: COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, commonly presents with symptoms such as fever and shortness of breath but can also affect other organs. There is growing evidence pointing to potential eye complications. In this article, we aim to systematically review the ocular manifestations of COVID-19.

Ocular Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Era.

Since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in Japan in 2008, the spectrum of ocular manifestations in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has changed. This study, conducted at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital between January 2012 and August 2023, aimed to understand the epidemiology and clinical features of ocular manifestations in patients with HIV during the cART era. Of the 218 patients diagnosed with HIV, 23 (10.

Through the Eyes: A Case of Ocular Syphilis.

Syphilis is a bacterial disease caused by Treponema pallidum and is sexually transmitted via vaginal, anogenital, or orogenital contact. Vertical transmission between mother and unborn child is also possible, but transmission via skin-to-skin or blood contact is rare. The objective of this case is to highlight this rare ocular manifestation of syphilis as it manifests as a multisystemic disease affecting many organ systems.

Monkeypox Presenting with Blepharoconjunctivitis.

A 38-year-old male with recently diagnosed HIV and gonorrhea presented with umbilicated facial lesions and blepharoconjunctivitis of the right eye. Polymerase chain reaction test was performed of the skin were positive for Monkeypox (MPX). The patients' ocular symptoms improved with acyclovir, azithromycin, gemifloxacin, and tecovirimat after 3 weeks of treatment.