Direct Hemi-Hypoglossal Nerve and Hypoglossal Nerve for Suprascapular Nerve/Proximal Brachial Plexus Neurotization: A Cadaveric Feasibility Study.

Introduction Partial restoration of shoulder function is important in upper brachial plexus lesions, and the suprascapular nerve is often the target for such neurotization procedures. Although there is an extensive history of peripheral nerve surgeons using the hypoglossal nerve for various local nerve transfers, some have reported using this nerve as a donor for upper brachial plexus grafting procedures. We discuss our anatomical findings for the use of a direct hypoglossal to suprascapular nerve transfer.

Revisiting the Muscular Innervation of the Obturator Nerve: Application to Neurotization Procedures.

Background: Our goal was to revisit the innervation of the adductor muscles of the thigh and add new evidence to currently existing knowledge.

Methods: Ten thighs from five fresh frozen cadavers were dissected. Obturator nerve innervation to the pectineus, obturator externus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, adductor longus, and gracilis was documented.

How I do it - The "drum skin" duraplasty technique after foramen magnum decompression for Chiari malformations.

Background: Chiari malformations are a spectrum of posterior cranial fossa anomalies characterized by herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. Surgery is the treatment of choice for selected patients with good postoperative outcomes.

Methods: We describe foramen magnum decompression (FMD) with dural opening and a "drum skin" duraplasty technique.

The role of an open artificial intelligence platform in modern neurosurgical education: a preliminary study.

The use of artificial intelligence in neurosurgical education has been growing in recent times. ChatGPT, a free and easily accessible language model, has been gaining popularity as an alternative education method. It is necessary to explore the potential of this program in neurosurgery education and to evaluate its reliability.

Endoscopically-Assisted Percutaneous Trigeminal Rhizotomy for Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Cadaveric Feasibility Study.

 Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a debilitating syndrome characterized by paroxysmal facial pain in one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The etiology and treatment paradigms are still controversial. The endoscopically-assisted procedure has not yet been described in percutaneous procedures for TN.

Nerve relationships to the sacrospinous ligament: application to suspension procedures and transgluteal approaches for nerve repair and tumor removal with three case illustrations.

Background: Transvaginal suspension procedures often use the sacrospinous ligament (SSL), which attaches onto the ischial spine (IS). However, nerve-related sequelae (e.g.

The prevalence of Stafne bone cavity: A meta-analysis of 355,890 individuals.

Background/purpose: A Stafne bone cavity (SBC) is an incidental depression in the lingual surface of the mandible. The aim of this study is to provide pooled estimates of the frequency of Stafne bone cavity and to correlate its presence with such variables as sex, laterality, diagnostic methods and population.

Materials And Methods: Potential studies were searched through four electronic databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Journal Storage.

An unusual arrangement between the highest denticulate ligament and posterior inferior cerebellar artery.

The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is often involved in pathologies of the posterior cranial fossa. Therefore, a good understanding of the vessel's normal and variant courses is important to the neurosurgeon or neurointerventionalist. During the routine microdissection of the craniocervical junction, an unusual arrangement between the highest denticulate ligament and PICA was observed.

Variant plantaris muscle with degenerated accessory head: Gross and histological analysis.

The variant plantaris muscle has itself been reported to have variable presentations. Here, we report an unusual finding of the plantaris muscle and report its gross and histological findings. A duplicated head of the plantaris muscle was identified in the right leg of an adult cadaver age and sex.

Anatomical Study of the Atrioventricular Nodal Branch of the Heart.

Background The atrioventricular (AV) node is a relay station for electrical signals passing between the atria and ventricles. The artery supplying the AV node is functionally important, and its anatomical topography is relevant during invasive procedures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and understand the variations of the origin of the AV nodal branch (AVNb) and its variations.

An unusual finding of the Porus trigeminus: Case report with histological findings.

Many anatomical variants can potentially contribute to trigeminal neuralgia. These include compression by the superior cerebellar artery and less commonly, bony compression near the trigeminal cave. Herein, we report the gross and histological findings of a cadaveric specimen found to have a bony roof of the trigeminal cave.

A Case of a Previously Unreported Drainage of the Maxillary Vein.

Due to the importance of venous drainage of the head and neck in various pathological conditions, knowledge of anatomical variations is important to the clinician. Here we report a case of an unusual drainage pattern of the maxillary vein. A tributary of the left maxillary vein was found in a female cadaver (72 years old at the time of death) to travel through the medial aspect of the ramus of the mandible via an accessory mandibular foramen, which drains into the ipsilateral facial vein slightly proximal to the point where the anterior branch of the retromandibular and facial veins merged to form the left common facial vein.

A Three-Headed Piriformis Muscle With Splitting of the Common Fibular Nerve.

Although the division of the piriformis muscle by the sciatic nerve or its branches is fairly common, other anatomical variations of this muscle are relatively uncommon. Here, we present a cadaveric case found to have an atypical composition of the piriformis muscle. During the routine dissection of the right gluteal region in an adult male cadaver, an unusual finding of the piriformis muscle was observed.

The laryngopharyngeal nerve: a comprehensive review.

The laryngopharyngeal nerve has received much less attention that the other contributions to the pharyngeal plexus , glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. Often, in descriptions and depictions, the nerve is simply labeled as the sympathetic contribution to the pharyngeal plexus. As there is such scant information available regarding this nerve, the present review was performed.

Topographical study of scapular foramina and scapular nutrient foramina in dried skeletons.

Purpose: The aim of our study is to study the prevalence and anatomy of scapular foramina (SF) and scapular nutrient foramina (SNF) in dried skeletons from the Northeastern Thai population.

Methods: A total of 150 dried scapulae were investigated. Both SF and SNF were identified using a metal wire with a diameter of 0.

The Venous Circle of Trolard: An Anatomical Study with Application to Approaches to the Basal Brain.

Background: The arterial circle of Willis is a well-known and interconnecting set of blood vessels at the base of the brain. However, its lesser-known venous counterpart, the circle of Trolard, has had almost no attention in the extant medical literature.

Methods: Twenty-four adult human brains underwent dissection of the circle of Trolard.

Pectorobrachioepicondylaris musculoaponeurotic band: case description with evidence of median nerve compression.

Upper limb muscle variations can be encountered on imaging or at surgery. We report an unusual muscle and band found during routine dissection of the arm in a cadaver. This case is described and salient literature reviewed.

Distal osteotomy of the first metatarsal bone for the correction of hallux valgus: comparison of the sagittal stability of two percutaneous techniques-a cadaveric study.

Background: Distal first metatarsal osteotomy is used to correct mild or moderate hallux valgus (HV). We designed a cadaveric study to compare the resistance to axial load between two percutaneous distal first metatarsal osteotomies: Bösch osteotomy and percutaneous chevron. The first aim of this study was to develop a systematic technique for measuring the sagittal displacement on lateral foot X-rays.

Revisiting the Tentorial Venous Sinuses: Anatomical and Histological Study.

Background: Anatomical studies of the tentorial sinuses (TS) are scant, and to our knowledge, histological studies of this structure have not been reported. Therefore, we aim to better elucidate this anatomy.

Methods: In 15 fresh frozen, latex injected, adult cadaveric specimens, the TS were evaluated with microsurgical dissection and histology.

Penetration of the facial nerve by the posterior auricular artery: case report, comprehensive review and clinical-surgical applications.

Anatomical variations between the facial nerve and adjacent arteries are rare. However, knowledge of such anatomical variations is important to the surgeon who operates on or near the facial nerve. Herein, we report an unusual finding between the extracranial part of the facial nerve and a nearby artery.

The sphenopalatine vein: anatomical study of a rarely described structure.

Although in counterpart, the sphenopalatine artery (SPA), has been well described in the medical literature, the sphenopalatine vein (SPV) has received scant attention. Therefore, the present anatomical study was performed. Additionally, we discuss the variations, embryology, and clinical significance of the SPV.

Lingual nerve impairment/injury after retrieval of the displaced mandibular third molar into the floor of the mouth.

Retrieval of the displaced mandibular third molar in the floor of the mouth is challenging as the lingual nerve is always at risk of injury. However, there are no available data to show the incidence of the injury caused by the retrieval. The goal of this review article is to provide the incidence of the iatrogenic lingual nerve impairment/injury caused by the retrieval based on the review of the existing literature.

Lung segments from anatomy to surgery.

Bronchopulmonary segments are of increasing interest to clinicians because surgical procedures are emerging that maintain as much pulmonary function as possible. The conventional textbook borders between these segments, their many anatomical variations, and their numerous lymphatic or blood vessels, make them challenging for surgeons, especially thoracic surgeons. Fortunately, because imaging techniques such as three-dimensional-computed tomography are developing further, we can see the anatomical structure of the lungs in detail.

The sublingual branch of the lingual nerve: Anatomical study and suggestion for a new terminology.

The lingual nerve carries somatosensory fibers from the anterior two-thirds of tongue. The parasympathetic preganglionic fibers arising from the chorda tympani also travel with the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa to synapse in the submandibular ganglion to innervate the sublingual gland. However, only a few studies have investigated the specific nerve that innervates the sublingual gland and surrounding tissue i.