Three-dimensional Analysis of the Muscles Related to the So-Called "Pterygomandibular Raphe": An Anatomical and Histological Study.

The pterygomandibular raphe (PMR) is a tendinous bundle between the bucinator (BM) and the superior constrictor of pharynx (SC) and has been considered essential for swallowing. Despite its functional significance, previous studies reported that the PMR is not always present. Another study reported presence of the connecting fascia between the BM and deep temporalis tendon (dTT).

A rare case of the auriculotemporal and inferior alveolar nerves communication.

This case study describes anatomical variations in the branching pattern of the posterior division of the trigeminal nerve and its clinical implications for dental and craniofacial surgery. The study presents two uncommon variations observed in an elderly male cadaver. A communicating branch connecting one of three roots of the auriculotemporal nerve and inferior alveolar nerve just before entering the mandibular foramen on the right side, and three communicating branches between the IAN and lingual nerve on the left side.

Anatomical study of the mastoid foramina and mastoid emissary veins: classification and application to localizing the sigmoid sinus.

The mastoid foramen (MF) is located on the mastoid process of the temporal bone, adjacent to the occipitomastoid suture or the parietomastoid suture, and contains the mastoid emissary vein (MEV). In retrosigmoid craniotomy, the MEV has been used to localize the position of the sigmoid sinus and, thus, the placement of the initial burr hole. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the exact location and variants of the MF and MEV to determine if their use in localizing the sigmoid sinus is reasonable.

Absence of the interthalamic adhesion (ITA) as a neuroanatomical association or risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders: A systemic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This study aimed to provide an up-to-date account of the frequency of "the absence of interthalamic adhesion (AITA) as a risk factor or association" in healthy subjects and neuropsychiatric patients. Owing to the increased interest in the contribution of ITA to neurological function in previous literature, a meta-analysis of its frequency and sex dependency is required.

Aim: This study aimed to study whether the AITA is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.

A comprehensive review of the mental spine.

Clinical case reports and research regarding the mental spines and their associated structures create a detailed picture of the floor of the mouth for assessment during clinical treatment. This compilation of information covers the mental spines, the attached geniohyoid and genioglossus muscles, the lingual foramina, and the veins and arteries of the jaw and floor of the mouth. It is important to consider the variations in the mental spines for oral and maxillofacial treatment involving the mandible.

Positional relationships of the origin and course of zygomaticus major with the nasal ala, tragus, philtrum, and lateral canthus for aesthetic treatments and surgeries.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to characterize the origin and course of the zygomaticus major muscle (Zmj) with its topographic relationships with the nasal ala, tragus, philtrum, and lateral canthus.

Methods: The Zmj was examined in 50 specimens of 25 embalmed adult Korean cadavers. Facial muscles were dissected to expose the origin and course of the Zmj in 48 specimens of 24 cadavers.

A Highly Unusual Source and Course of the Inferior Gluteal Nerve With Related Variations: A Case Report.

The gluteal region is rich in neurovasculature that divides in predictable ways. Though these characteristic relationships can be helpful when orienting oneself to the gluteal region, it is especially useful to be aware of anatomical variations in this region. Knowledge of such differences allows for a better appreciation of nerve entrapments and neuropathies, and such awareness is critical during surgeries.

Transcription factor support for the dual embryological origin of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

The embryological origin of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles has been debated for over a century. To shed light on this issue, the present anatomical study was performed. Five fresh frozen human cadavers, three males and two females, were used for this study.

Morphological variability of the leg muscles: potential traps on ultrasound that await clinicians.

Background: Although muscles and their tendons are not considered the most morphologically variable structures, they still manifest a substantial diversity of variants. The aim of this study is to increase awareness of some of the many possible variants found during ultrasound imaging of one lower limb compartment, the leg, that could potentially mislead clinicians and lead to misdiagnosis.

Materials And Methods: PubMed was used for a comprehensive literature search for morphological variations.

Musculus pterygoideus proprius: A meta-analysis.

The pterygoideus proprius muscle can be found incidentally in the infratemporal fossa, where it is spatially associated with the muscles of mastication, the maxillary artery, and the trigeminal nerve and its branches. Anatomists have described the muscle in various ways over the past 160 years, chiefly as a musculotendinous structure that originates from the infratemporal crest of the sphenoid bone and inserts into the lateral pterygoid plate and the lateral pterygoid muscle. It is present in non-human primates, albeit rarely, with similar anatomical findings.

Mylohyoid Muscle: Current Understanding for Clinical Management Part II: Clinical Anatomy, Radiology, and Surgical/Clinical Relevance.

The mylohyoid is one of the suprahyoid muscles along with the geniohyoid, digastric, and stylohyoid muscles that lies between the anterior belly of the digastric muscle inferiorly and the geniohyoid superiorly. In Part II, the radiology and clinical/surgical importance of the mylohyoid muscle will be discussed.

Mylohyoid Muscle: Current Understanding for Clinical Management-Part I: Anatomy and Embryology.

The mylohyoid is one of the suprahyoid muscles, along with the geniohyoid, digastric, and stylohyoid muscles. It lies between the anterior belly of the digastric muscle inferiorly and the geniohyoid superiorly. In Part I, the anatomy and embryology of the mylohyoid muscle will be reviewed in preparation for the clinical discussion in Part II.

Trabeculae in the basilar venous plexus: anatomical and histological study with application to intravascular procedures.

Few studies have examined the basilar venous plexus (BVP) and to our knowledge, no previous study has described its histology. The present anatomical study was performed to better elucidate these structures. In ten cadavers, the BVP was dissected.

Cardiac ventricular false tendons: A meta-analysis.

Ventricular false tendons are fibromuscular structures that travel across the ventricular cavity. Left ventricular false tendons (LVFTs) have been examined through gross dissection and echocardiography. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the prevalence, morphology, and clinical importance of ventricular false tendons using a systematic review.

Dural sinus septum as an underlying cause of intrinsic venous sinus stenosis: Anatomical, clinical, and stent placement considerations.

Recently, an interesting study regarding "Dural sinus septum: an underlying cause of cerebral venous sinus stenting failure and complications." was published, to our knowledge, being the launching point of the clinical/interventional applications of this intraluminal variation. Herein, we wish to highlight paramount anatomical, clinical, and stent placement considerations related to DSS located in the dural venous sinus at the posterior cranial fossa and the interventional complications caused by the presence of this variation during stenting procedures.

Histology and immunohistochemistry of the human carotid sinus nerve.

The carotid sinus nerve (CSN) is well known as mediating baroreflexes. However, studies of its detailed histological analysis are scant in the literature. Therefore, the current anatomical study sought to better elucidate the microanatomy of the CSN.

Revisiting the transorbital approach for emergency external ventricular drainage: an anatomical study of relevant parameters and their effect on the effectiveness of using Tubbs' point.

The transorbital approach (TOA) can provide immediate access to the lateral ventricles by piercing the roof of the orbit (ROO) with a spinal needle and without the need of a drill. Reliable external landmarks for the TOA ventriculostomy have been described, however, the necessary spinal needle gauge and other relevant parameters such as the thickness of the ROO have not been evaluated. Nineteen formalin-fixed adult cadaveric heads underwent the TOA.

Review of the caroticotympanic nerves: Anatomy, function and pathology.

The caroticotympanic nerves provide postganglionic sympathetic fibres to the tympanic plexus. However, there are scant reports in the literature detailing with these nerves in great depth. As the caroticotympanic plexus lies near the often-operated tympanic nerve, it is important for the surgeon to understand the anatomy, pathology and surgical implications of it.

Quadricuspid Pulmonary Valve With Fenestration: Cadaveric Findings.

Quadricuspid pulmonary valves (QPV) are rare entities. Such valves can be associated with other cardiac anatomical anomalies. In this report, we present a case of a quadricuspid valve with an additional variant and discuss the morphometrics of this anatomical variation.

International consensus for a dissection room quality system (DRQS): A Delphi panel study.

Dissection Rooms (DRs) are key facilities that allow teaching and research on human anatomy, where students and researchers work with human bodies to acquire, increase, or create new knowledge. Usually, DRs work with a Body Donation Program (BDP), where living donors bequeath their bodies for use in teaching and research after they expire. Despite DRs being part of universities worldwide, no common guidelines, regulations, or quality management systems (QMS) exist that could be applied to different countries.

Innervation of pineal gland by the nervus conarii: a review of this almost forgotten structure.

The nervus conarii provides sympathetic nerve innervation to the pineal gland, which is thought to be the primary type of stimulus to this gland. This underreported nerve has been mostly studied in animals. One function of the nervus conarii may be to activate pinealocytes to produce melatonin.

Preservation of the Nerve to the Mylohyoid Muscle During Submental Island Flaps: An Anatomic Feasibility Study for Facial Nerve Reanimation Procedures.

The submental island flap is an axial pattern pedicle flap widely used in head and neck surgery because of its ease and success. Indications of the submental island flap range from reconstruction for the malignant tumor resection to loss of temporal bone and facial skin due to trauma. Whereas, intraoperative facial nerve injury is not uncommon.

The size, number, and distribution of nerve endings around and within the human epiglottis, focusing on tracheal intubation maneuvers.

The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of nerve endings in the mucosa, submucosa, and cartilage of the epiglottis and the vallecula area and to quantify them. The findings could inform the choice of laryngoscope blades for intubation procedures. Fourteen neck slices from seven unembalmed, cryopreserved human cadavers were analyzed.