Manipulation of ion/electron carrier genes in the model diatom enables its growth under lethal acidic stress.

A major obstacle to exploiting industrial flue gas for microalgae cultivation is the unfavorable acidic environment. We previously identified three upregulated genes in the low-pH-adapted model diatom : ferredoxin (PtFDX), cation/proton antiporter (PtCPA), and HCO transporter (PtSCL4-2). Here, we individually overexpressed these genes in to investigate their respective roles in resisting acidic stress (pH 5.

Lightweight Lung-nodule Detection Model Combined with Multidimensional Attention Convolution.

Background: Early and timely detection of pulmonary nodules and initiation treatment can substantially improve the survival rate of lung carcinoma. However, current detection methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) cannot easily detect pulmonary nodules owing to low detection accuracy and the difficulty in detecting small-sized pulmonary nodules; meanwhile, more accurate CNN-based models are slow and require high hardware specifications.

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop a detection model that achieves both high accuracy and real-time performance, ensuring effective and timely results.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Helminth-Derived Products: Potential Applications and Challenges in Diabetes Mellitus Management.

The global rise in diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly type 2 diabetes (T2D), has become a major public health challenge. According to the "hygiene hypothesis", helminth infections may offer therapeutic benefits for DM. These infections are known to modulate immune responses, reduce inflammation, and improve insulin sensitivity.

Morphological Characteristics, Mitochondrial Genome, and Evolutionary Insights Into a New Sea Squirt From the Beibu Gulf.

A new species of the genus Microcosmus was described in this study based on specimens collected from the coast of Xilian Town, Xuwen County, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China. The morphological and molecular characteristics of this new species, sp. z YZ-2024 (YZ-2024), distinguish it from other sea squirts.

Artificial Intelligence-Guided Inverse Design of Deployable Thermo-Metamaterial Implants.

Current limitations in implant design often lead to trade-offs between minimally invasive surgery and achieving the desired post-implantation functionality. Here, we present an artificial intelligence inverse design paradigm for creating deployable implants as planar and tubular thermal mechanical metamaterials (thermo-metamaterials). These thermo-metamaterial implants exhibit tunable mechanical properties and volume change in response to temperature changes, enabling minimally invasive and personalized surgery.

Patterns of spontaneous and induced genomic alterations in .

This study explored the genomic alterations in , a key yeast in industrial biotechnology, under both spontaneous and mutagen-induced conditions. Our findings reveal that spontaneous mutations occur at a rate of approximately 4 × 10 events per base pair per cell division, primarily manifesting as single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) and small insertions and deletions (InDels). Notably, C-to-T/G-to-A transitions and C-to-A/G-to-T transversions dominate the spontaneous SNVs, while 1 bp deletions, likely resulting from template slippage, are the most frequent InDels.

Genomic characteristics and genetic manipulation of the marine yeast Scheffersomyces spartinae.

The halotolerant yeast Scheffersomyces spartinae, commonly found in marine environments, holds significant potential for various industrial applications. Despite this, its genetic characteristics have been relatively underexplored. In this study, we isolated a strain of S.

A roller-type triboelectric nanogenerator based on rotational friction between wool and stacked interfaces for omnidirectional wind energy harvesting.

It is urgently desired to develop high-performance wind energy collectors to power numerous microelectronic devices along with the Internet of Things (IoT). A roller-type triboelectric nanogenerator (R-TENG) based on rotational friction between wool and stacked interfaces is proposed and efficiently used for harvesting wind energy. Wool, an electropositive and flexible material, is utilized in the design, effectively reducing abrasion on the contact surface and adjusting the output in response to varying compression levels.

Long-Term Stable Reference Electrodes with High-Pressure Tolerance and Salinity-Independence.

The reference electrode's performance is essential for ensuring the accuracy of electrochemical sensors in marine environments. Yet, the many existing reference electrodes can exhibit sensitivity to salinity variations, potentially leading to inaccuracies in the measurement process. Herein, we have designed a reliable solid-state reference electrode by introducing SiO-stabilized 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide ([Cmim] [Ntf]) into a P(VdF--HFP) matrix with a SPEEK/[Cmim] [Ntf] coated Ag/AgCl as substrate.

Environmental DNA/RNA metabarcoding for noninvasive and comprehensive monitoring and assessment of marine fishes.

Marine fisheries resources are under increasing threat, necessitating the development of new effective monitoring and management strategies. Environmental DNA (eDNA) and RNA (eRNA) metabarcoding has emerged as a non-invasive and sensitive alternative method for monitoring fish biodiversity and fisheries resources and assessing the fisheries impact of anthropogenic activities. Here, we summarize crucial technical details about eDNA metabarcoding for marine fish monitoring and provide meta-analytical trends in primer selection and sample size, assessment standards, fish and fisheries databases, reference fish genomic databases, and other relevant metrics.

Profiling the gut structure and microbiota, and identifying two dominant bacteria belonging to the genus in mandarin fish () fed an artificial diet.

Mandarin fish () fed with an artificial diet is progressively gaining popularity, which is important for reducing product prices and resource consumption. However, food is the decisive factor of intestinal microbes, and the profound effects of change in their feeding habit on intestinal microbes of mandarin fish have not been revealed. In the present study, live bait fish and artificial diet were used to feed mandarin fish for 8 weeks to study the effect of different feeding habits on the histology, microbiota structure and dominant bacteria of gut in mandarin fish.

Single-cell transcriptome sequencing analysis of physiological and immune profiling of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) gills.

Gills are the main respiratory organs of fish and bear important physiological and immunological functions, but the functional heterogeneity of interlamellar cell mass (ILCM) at the single-cell level has rarely been reported. Here, we identified 19 cell types from the gills of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in combination with histological analysis. We annotated ILCM and analyzed its functional heterogeneity at the single-cell level for the first time.

Spontaneous and environment induced genomic alterations in yeast model.

While genomic alterations are fundamental to biological evolution, enabling adaptation and diversity, they can also result in detrimental outcomes, such as the development of genetic diseases including cancer. The budding yeast serves as an exemplary model for investigating the mechanisms behind various genomic alterations, including point mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, and whole-chromosome aneuploidy. In this review, we highlight the application of genetic screening systems to assess the mutagenic effects of physical and chemical agents efficiently.

Leveraging Artificial Oxygenation Efficacy for Coastal Hypoxia by Taking Advantage of Local Hydrodynamics.

This study evaluates deployment strategies for artificial oxygenation devices to mitigate coastal hypoxia, particularly in mariculture regions. Focusing on a typical mariculture region in the coastal waters of China, we examined the combined effects of topography, hydrodynamics, and biogeochemical processes. A high-resolution three-dimensional physical-biogeochemical coupled model, validated against observational data from three summer cruises in 2020, accurately captured key drivers of hypoxia.

Pyrimidine Nucleosides, Benzoic Acid Derivative, and Bipyridine From the Marine-Derived Streptomyces Sp. DS52.

Fourteen new compounds were isolated from marine-derived Streptomyces sp. DS52, including 12 pyrimidine nucleosides (1-12), 1 benzoic acid derivative (13), and 1 dipyridine derivative (14). Additionally, 28 known compounds (15-42) were identified.

Transcriptome Analysis of YQ65 Grown on Yeast Extract Peptone Glucose and Potato Dextrose Agar Media and Quantification of Their Effects on Pullulan Production.

Pullulan is a high-value polysaccharide produced through the fermentation of . It has significant applications in the fields of food, medicine, environmental science, and packaging. However, the yield, molecular weight, and other characteristics of pullulan can vary depending on the fermentation substrate used.

Two fluorinases prioritized from protein families of fluorinase, SAM-dependent chlorinase and hydroxide adenosyltransferase.

Fluorinases represent the only known biological catalysts capable of forming carbon-fluorine bonds, but their slow catalytic rate limits their broader application. In this study, two fluorinases, FlA and FlA, were identified from a pool of 12 718 nonredundant proteins using a genome-mining approach, with FlA showing high catalytic activity. Both newly identified fluorinases contain a Phe50 residue in place of the Trp50 typically found in fluorinases.

Changes in the diversity and functionality of viruses that can bleach healthy coral.

Unlabelled: Coral microbiomes play a crucial role in maintaining the health and functionality of holobionts. Disruption in the equilibrium of holobionts, including bacteria, fungi, and archaea, can result in the bleaching of coral. However, little is known about the viruses that can infect holobionts in coral, especially bacteriophages.

Methanogens dominate methanotrophs and act as a methane source in aquaculture pond sediments.

Aquaculture pond sediments act as hotspots for methane (CH) emissions; however, knowledge gaps on the regulation of microorganisms hinder our further understanding of methane dynamics in aquaculture pond sediment. Using field sampling and molecular analysis, we examined CH fluxes, the methanogenic community composition, and their interaction with methanotrophs to comprehensively understand the methane cycling in sediments of aquaculture ponds in northern China. Compared with a fishing pond without feed inputs, the abundances of methanogens mcrA and methanotrophs pmoA genes increased significantly in aquaculture ponds sediments.

Response to the CO concentrating mechanisms and transcriptional time series analysis of Ulva prolifera under inorganic carbon limitation.

Ulva prolifera is a dominant species in green tides and has been affecting marine ecosystem for many years. Due to the low availability of CO in the environment, U. prolifera utilizes the CO concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) to increase intracellular inorganic carbon concentration.

Effects of particle elongation on dense granular flows down a rough inclined plane.

Granular materials in nature are nearly always nonspherical, but particle shape effects in granular flow remain largely elusive. This study uses discrete element method simulations to investigate how elongated particle shapes affect the mobility of dense granular flows down a rough incline. For a range of systematically varied particle length-to-diameter aspect ratios (AR), we run simulations with various flow thicknesses h and slope angles θ to extract the well-known h_{stop}(θ) curves (below which the flow ceases) and the Fr-h/h_{stop} relations following Pouliquen's approach, where Fr=u/sqrt[gh] is the Froude number, u is the mean flow velocity, and g is the gravitational acceleration.

Discovery of the First-in-Class Dual-Target ROCK/HDAC Inhibitor with Potent Antitumor Efficacy in Vivo That Trigger Antitumor Immunity.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a highly aggressive and heterogeneous malignancy. Currently, multitarget drug approaches present a promising therapeutic approach for TNBC. Utilizing a combinatorial chemistry strategy to construct a virtual screening database, dual ROCK/HDAC-targeting benzothiophene compounds were identified.

A Dual-Band Patch Antenna with Combined Self-Decoupling and Filtering Properties and Its Application in Dual/Squad-Band Two-Element MIMO Array.

This paper proposes a dual-band patch antenna with combined self-decoupling and filtering properties, designed to suppress mutual coupling between two antenna elements both within the same dual-band and across different dual-bands. Initially, a dual-band aperture-coupled filtering patch antenna is designed, featuring a forked short-circuited SIR feedline with a quarter-wavelength open-ended stub and a U-shaped patch with two U-slots, which generate three controllable radiation nulls while introducing two additional resonant modes. The design steps are also provided in detail.