TLR-activated mesenchymal stromal cell therapy and antibiotics to treat multi-drug resistant septic arthritis in an equine model.

Background: Rapid development of antibiotic resistance necessitates advancement of novel therapeutic strategies to treat infection. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) possess antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, mediated through antimicrobial peptide secretion and recruitment of innate immune cells including neutrophils and monocytes. TLR-3 activation of human, canine and equine MSC has been shown to enhance bacterial killing and clearance , in rodent biofilm infection models and dogs with spontaneous multi-drug-resistant infections.

Physiologic effects of long-term immobilization of the equine distal limb.

Objective: To describe the effects of distal limb immobilization and remobilization in the equine metacarpophalangeal joint.

Study Design: Randomized, prospective experimental study.

Animals: Eight healthy, skeletally mature horses.

Chemical restraint, anesthesia, and analgesia for camelids.

This article covers techniques used to provide chemical restraint, injectable or inhalation anesthesia, and analgesia in camelid patients. Understanding the information presented improves safety and efficacy when using the techniques presented in the article. This article focuses primarily on llama and alpaca patients.

Ruminant field anesthesia.

Ruminants can be safely anesthetized in a field setting. The higher level of analgesia provided by anesthesia eliminates the need for local anesthetic blockade, which can prove useful when a procedure is expected to produce a substantial level of pain or local anesthetic blockade is not feasible. Certain aspects of anesthesia place the patient at greater risk than chemical restraint techniques.

Chemical restraint in ruminants.

Physical restraint is generally required when working with food animal patients. Adding a degree of chemical restraint can make many procedures more pleasant for both practitioner and patient. The enhanced level of patient cooperation improves efficiency, offsetting the modest additional cost of the drugs used.