Hypersensitivity and Induced Radioresistance in Chinese Hamster Cells Exposed to Radiations with Different LET Values.

We study the impact of radiation LET on manifestation of HRS/IRR response in Chinese hamster cells ovary cells exposed to radiations used in radiotherapy. Earlier we have investigated this response to carbon ions (455 MeV/amu) in the pristine Bragg curve plateau and behind the Bragg peak, 60Co γ-rays, and 14.5 MeV neutrons.

Calculation of the Biological Efficiency of the Proton Component from 14.8 MeV Neutron Irradiation in Computational Biology with Help of Video Cards.

Fast neutron therapy, which previously has demonstrated effective results, but along with a large number of complications, can again be considered a promising treatment method in the treatment of cancer. One of the ways of analyzing the relative biological efficiency and accurate biological dose of fast neutrons in body tissues is to improve the algorithms of computational biology and mathematical modeling. A high-performance computing code was written which allows to estimate in real-time mode the biological dose of the proton component from the action of neutron radiation with an energy of 14.

Differential gene expression in chronically irradiated herbaceous species from the Chernobyl exclusion zone.

Purpose: Transcriptional activity of genes related to ionizing radiation responses in chronically irradiated plant populations at radioactively contaminated territories can be a cost-effective and precise approach for stress response evaluation. However, there are limits to studying non-model plants in field conditions. The work studies the transcriptional activity of candidate genes of adaptation to chronic radiation exposure in plant populations from radioactively contaminated territories of the Chernobyl.

On the Pathomorphological Pattern of the Efficiency of Photodynamic Therapy of Murine Melanoma B16 Using a New Photosensitizer Based on Chlorin e Conjugate with a Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment for a number of solid malignancies. In this work, the antitumor efficacy of photodynamic therapy for murine B16 melanoma with intravenous administration of a new photosensitizer (PS) based on the chlorin e conjugate with a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) was studied in vivo. We have previously published the data obtained in the first part of the study: the dynamics of PS accumulation in the tumor and surrounding tissues and the antitumor efficacy of the photodynamic therapy, which was evaluated by the regression parameters and morphological characteristics of the tumors-including by the complete regression of the tumors, the absolute growth rate of the tumors among the mice with continued tumor growth, and an increase in life expectancy compared to the control.

Transgenerational changes in under radio frequency radiation in the juvenile and puberty period.

Purpose: To analyze the results of direct and transgenerational effects of radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) on the model organism of crustaceans .

Materials And Methods: were chronically exposed at 900 GHz EMF with an energy flux density (EFD) of about 1 mW/cm in the juvenile and pubertal periods of their ontogenesis. The cytotoxicity of exposure as well as survival, fertility and teratogenic effect of directly exposed daphnids and their progeny across three generations were analyzed.

and Expression in the Appendix of Children with COVID-19.

The sudden outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in more than 261 million infections and an estimated 5.1 million deaths. Some vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, intestines, and lungs could be damaged by SARS-CoV-2.

Characterization of area radioactive contamination of near-surface soil at the Sary-Uzen site in the Semipalatinsk test site.

The paper provides study of the radioactive contamination of near-surface soil at the Sary-Uzen site in the Semipalatinsk test site (STS). Increased values of natural radionuclides in the studied area were not detected, which indicates the absence of possible geochemical anomalies that could create an elevated radiation background. Radioactive contamination by technogenic radionuclides is caused by two factors.

Speciation of Cs, Sr, Am, and Pu artificial radionuclides in soils at the Semipalatinsk test site.

This paper reports the speciation of Cs, Am, Sr and Pu in the soil samples of the Experimental Field (EF). The EF is a testing ground of the Semipalatinsk nuclear weapons test site used for surface and atmospheric tests. The study revealed low mobility of artificial radionuclides in the EF site soils.

Pre- and post-accident environmental transfer of radionuclides in Japan: lessons learned in the IAEA MODARIA II programme.

An international review of radioecological data derived after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant was an important component of activities in working group 4 of the IAEA Models and data for radiological impact assessment, phase II (MODARIA II) programme. Japanese and international scientists reviewed radioecological data in the terrestrial and aquatic environments in Japan reported both before and after the accident. The environmental transfer processes considered included: (a) interception and retention radionuclides by plants, (b) loss of radionuclides from plant and systemic transport of radionuclides in plants (translocation), (c) behaviour of radiocaesium in soil, (d) uptake of radionuclides from soil by agricultural crops and wild plants, (e) transfer of radionuclides from feedstuffs to domestic and wild animals, (f) behaviour of radiocaesium in forest trees and forest systems, (g) behaviour of radiocaesium in freshwater systems, coastal areas and in the ocean, (h) transport of radiocaesium from catchments through rivers, streams and lakes to the ocean, (i) uptake of radiocaesium by aquatic organisms, and (j) modification of radionuclide concentrations in food products during food processing and culinary preparation.

Stem and Somatic Cell Monotherapy for the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Review of Clinical Studies and Mechanisms of Action.

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most severe complications of diabetes mellitus, often resulting in a limb amputation. A cell-based therapy is a highly promising approach for an effective DFU treatment. However, there is no consensus regarding the most effective cell type for DFU treatment.

Towards an ecological modelling approach for assessing ionizing radiation impact on wildlife populations.

The emphasis of the international system of radiological protection of the environment is to protect populations of flora and fauna. Throughout the MODARIA programmes, the United Nations' International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has facilitated knowledge sharing, data gathering and model development on the effect of radiation on wildlife. We present a summary of the achievements of MODARIA I and II on wildlife dose effect modelling, extending to a new sensitivity analysis and model development to incorporate other stressors.

How to dose-stage large or high-risk brain metastases: an alternative two-fraction radiosurgical treatment approach.

Objective: The authors sought to evaluate clinical outcome in patients with large, high-risk brain metastases (BMs) treated with different dose strategies by use of two-fraction dose-staged Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed with data from 142 patients from two centers who had been treated with two-fraction dose-staged GKRS between June 2015 and January 2020. Depending on the changes in marginal dose between the first (GKRS1) and second (GKRS2) GKRS treatments, the study population was divided into three treatment groups: dose escalation, dose maintenance, and dose de-escalation.

[Influence of platelets growth factors on spermatogenesis after electronic irradiation].

Background: The number of cases of male infertility is steadily growing every year, and therefore it is necessary to develop new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. It is known that plasma enriched with platelets, the α-granules of which contain growth factors, possesses high regenerative activity; therefore, we can expect positive results from its use for the restoration of spermatogenic epithelium.

Objective: Morphological assessment of spermatogenesis after local β-irradiation with a dose of 8 Gy and the introduction of growth factors.

[Stereotactic radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma: early and long-term radiation-induced changes and tumor growth control].

Unlabelled: Stereotactic radiosurgery of vestibular schwannoma is an effective and safe method of treatment. The phenomenon of schwannoma pseudo-progression (transient post-radiation enlargement) complicates assessment of the outcomes after radiosurgery.

Objective: To investigate the changes of vestibular schwannoma in different periods after radiosurgery.

Lithium Ascorbate as a Promising Neuroprotector: Fundamental and Experimental Studies of an Organic Lithium Salt.

Given the observable toxicity of lithium carbonate, neuropharmacology requires effective and non-toxic lithium salts. In particular, these salts can be employed as neuroprotective agents since lithium ions demonstrate neuroprotective properties through inhibition of glycogen synthetase kinase-3β and other target proteins, increasing concentrations of endogenous neurotrofic factors. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of organic lithium salts presented here indicate their potential as neuroprotectors.

A Randomized, Double-Blind Noninferiority Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of the Cabozantinib Tablet at 60 mg Per Day Compared with the Cabozantinib Capsule at 140 mg Per Day in Patients with Progressive, Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Cancer.

Cabozantinib inhibits pathways involved in medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Cabozantinib is approved as 140 mg/day in capsules for MTC and 60 mg/day in tablets for other solid tumors. This study compared the two doses in progressive metastatic MTC.

Dose Field Shaping and Biological Effectiveness of the Effect of Pulsed Electron Accelerator Novac-11 on Mammalian Cells.

The development of technologies for using the Novac-11 pulsed electron accelerator in radiation therapy of animals with spontaneous neoplasms requires dosimetric and radiobiological studies. The studies were performed on cultured Chinese hamster V-79 fibroblasts after irradiation with 10 MeV electrons in a dose range up to 12 Gy and Co γ-radiation. Chemical dosimeters FBX and Fricke were used as additional test-systems.

Estimation of radionuclides global fallout levels in the soils of CIS and eastern Europe territory.

This study is devoted to the estimation of radionuclides global fallout levels in the soils of Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and Eastern Europe territory as a result of nuclear explosions. 58 standard soil samples were used, which were selected in different soil and climatic areas of the territory of CIS and Eastern Europe in 1978-2018. All samples were measured by gamma spectrometry.

Cartilage Formation In Vivo Using High Concentration Collagen-Based Bioink with MSC and Decellularized ECM Granules.

The aim of this study was to verify the applicability of high-concentration collagen-based bioink with MSC (ADSC) and decellularized ECM granules for the formation of cartilage tissue de novo after subcutaneous implantation of the scaffolds in rats. The printability of the bioink (4% collagen, 2.5% decellularized ECM granules, derived via 280 μm sieve) was shown.

1-Isobutanoil-2-isopropylisothiourea Phosphate, T1082: A Safe and Effective Prevention of Radiotherapy Complications in Oncology.

The radioprotective effects of a new 1-isobutanoil-2-isopropylisothiourea derivative named T1082 are presented. Research methods included toxic characteristics, radioprotective activity (Till-McCulloch's test and 30-day survival test) in γ-ray total-body-irradiated mice, and a clinical and histological study of the effect of T1082 on acute radiation skin reactions (RSR) in rats after a single or fractionated β-ray local irradiation. T1082 is more effective than its analogue, the NOS inhibitor T1023, at low concentrations and doses (1/12-1/8 LD), both parenterally and intragastrically.

A unified formalism for estimating photon absorbed fractions in spherical biovolumes: analytical equations without fitting parameters.

A new analytical formalism, previously developed for estimating electron-absorbed fractions, was extended for estimating photon absorbed fractions in soft-tissue spheres, containing uniformly distributed photon-emitter. Analytical equations were formulated for calculating values of photon-absorbed fractions. The method involves a rescaling procedure with transformation of real biological sizes to unitless effective ones, combining information of photon energy, object's size, and material.

An experimental approach to comprehend the influence of platelet rich growth factors on spermatogenesis.

Materials And Methods: Experimental animals ( = 135) were divided into 5 groups: I - control ( = 10); II - 2IR ( = 35; 2 Gy); III - 2IR + LP-PRP + IGF-1 ( = 30); IV - 2IR + LP-PRP ( = 30); V - LP-PRP ( = 30).

Results: Electron irradiation reduces the number of germ cells in comparison with the control group. After injection of LP-PRP + rhIGF-1 significantly increased the number of germ cells, Sertoli and Leydig cells, the height of germinal epithelium, area and diameter of seminiferous tubules.

Deconvolution of ferromagnetic resonance spectrum of magnetic nanoparticle assembly using genetic algorithm.

The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra of dilute random assemblies of magnetite nanoparticles with cubic magnetic anisotropy and various aspect ratios are calculated using the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz equation at a finite temperature, T = 300 K, taking into account the thermal fluctuations of the particle magnetic moments. Particles of non-spherical shape in the first approximation are described as elongated spheroids with a given semiaxes ratio a/b, where a and b are the long and transverse semiaxes of a spheroid, respectively. A representative database of FMR spectra is created for assemblies of randomly oriented spheroidal magnetite nanoparticles with various transverse diameters D = 5-25 nm, moderate aspect ratios a/b = 1.

Engineering of Tracheal Grafts Based on Recellularization of Laser-Engraved Human Airway Cartilage Substrates.

Objective: Implantation of tissue-engineered tracheal grafts represents a visionary strategy for the reconstruction of tracheal wall defects after resections and may develop into a last chance for a number of patients with severe cicatricial stenosis. The use of a decellularized tracheal substrate would offer an ideally stiff graft, but the matrix density would challenge efficient remodeling into a living cartilage. In this study, we hypothesized that the pores of decellularized laser-perforated tracheal cartilage (LPTC) tissues can be colonized by adult nasal chondrocytes (NCs) to produce new cartilage tissue suitable for the repair of tracheal defects.