Geographical variation in antimicrobial resistant Salmonella Schwarzengrund from chicken meat in Japan.

Chicken meat is a major source of foodborne salmonellosis. In Japan, fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins are the first- and second-choice treatments for Salmonella gastroenteritis, respectively. We investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in 154 chicken meat products from Hokkaido (42), Tohoku (45), Kanto (5), and Kyushu (62), Japan.

Fruiting phenology affects the direction of vertical seed dispersal by mammals and birds across mountain ranges.

Vertical seed dispersal towards higher or lower altitudes is an important process for plants' adaptation to climate change. Although many plants depend on animals for seed dispersal, studies on vertical seed dispersal by animals, determined by complex animal behaviours, are scarce. Previous studies hypothesised that animals inhabiting temperate regions disperse seeds uphill in spring/summer and downhill in autumn/winter due to their seasonal movement following the altitudinal gradients in food phenology.

Prevalence and molecular characterization of Ascaridia galli in chickens from Minoufiya Governorate, Egypt.

Ascaridia galli causes weight loss, emaciation, anemia, decreased egg production, and sometimes, intestinal obstruction and death in birds, leading to economic losses in the poultry industry. This research aimed to record the occurrence of A. galli in free-range chickens at farmers' houses in three villages in Ashmoun City, Minoufiya Governorate, Egypt.

Molecular epidemiological survey of Babesia species infecting cattle in Paraguay.

Paraguay, an agricultural country in South America, has a high prevalence of tick infestations in its cattle population due to warm temperatures, high humidity, and extensive grazing management practices. Consequently, Babesia infections, which are transmitted by ticks, might have a wide distribution in Paraguay, but the current status of these infections remains uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to assess the infection status of three clinically significant Babesia species, including Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, and Babesia naoakii, among cattle populations in Paraguay.

Discovery of Evolutionary Loss of the Ubiquitin-like Autophagy-Related ATG12 System in a Lineage of Apicomplexa.

The autophagy-related ubiquitin-like conjugation systems, the ATG8 and ATG12 systems, are universally conserved in eukaryotes. However, the covalent bond in the ATG12 system has recently been shown to be evolutionarily lost in Apicomplexa. Here, we show that all genes associated with the ATG12 system are absent in piroplasmida, a lineage within Apicomplexa.

Isolation of Antiplasmodial Oxazoles and Isoflavonoids from the Roots of and Total Synthesis of Oxazole-type Alkaloids.

A chemical examination of a root extract of led to the isolation and identification of 23 compounds, including oxazole-type alkaloids and isoflavonoid derivatives. Notably, three oxazole-type alkaloids (, , and ) and two isoflavonoid derivatives ( and ) were obtained from a natural source for the first time. In addition, derived 2,5-diphenyloxazoles and their derivatives were synthesized.

Seasonal activities, morphological characteristics, and veterinary importance of Haemaphysalis mageshimaensis in Ishigaki and Yonaguni, Okinawa, Japan.

Ticks are of veterinary importance as they transmit various pathogens to animals. In Yaeyama, Okinawa, Japan, Haemaphysalis longicornis became the dominant tick species after the eradication of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in the 1990s. However, any recent changes remained unclear due to lack of surveys.

Retrospective detection of ITGB7 gene mutation in a Holstein calf with chronic diarrhea that was suspected of hereditary cholesterol deficiency.

A homozygous individual for ITGB7 gene mutation, an autosomal recessive congenital disorder in Holstein cattle, was retrospectively identified by genotyping of 195 stored blood from patients less than 12 months of age. Other 24 patients (12.3%) showed heterozygous.

Clinical Cases of Tick-Borne Diseases in Dogs During the Autumn-Winter Season in Poland.

Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) pose a growing threat to companion animals, especially dogs, due to the increasing abundance of tick populations in Europe, driven by climate change, urbanization, and the mobility of humans and animals. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in clinically ill dogs suspected of having developed TBDs during the autumn-winter season, as well as to detect pathogens in ticks collected during the same period in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland. A total of 30 dogs with clinical symptoms of babesiosis and 45 ticks from dogs were acquired for this study.

Treatment Outcomes of Canine Orbital Meningiomas in Seven Cases.

Although intracranial and spinal cord meningioma prognoses have been reported, few studies have evaluated the outcomes and prognoses of orbital and optic nerve meningiomas in dogs. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of canine orbital meningiomas. The seven dogs included were cytologically or histopathologically diagnosed with meningiomas.

Epidemiological Study on Humans, Animals and Snails for Schistosomiasis in Two Endemic Municipalities Nearing Elimination in Bohol, the Philippines.

Purpose: A comprehensive survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infection in humans, water buffaloes, and snails in the two endemic municipalities of Talibon and Trinidad in Bohol, Philippines, which are nearing elimination.

Methods And Results: Human stool and blood samples were collected from barangays with snail breeding sites, and results showed higher positivity rates using the rSjTPx-1-ELISA compared to the Kato-Katz technique. Human stool examination for showed a 0.

Integrative analysis of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq for cells infected by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1.

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM) after a long latent period in a fraction of infected individuals. These HTLV-1-infected cells typically have phenotypes similar to that of CD4+T cells, but the cell status is not well understood. To extract the inherent information of HTLV-1-infected CD4+ cells, we integratively analyzed the ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data of the infected cells.

Legume content estimation from UAV image in grass-legume meadows: comparison methods based on the UAV coverage vs. field biomass.

Legume content (LC) in grass-legume mixtures is important for assessing forage quality and optimizing fertilizer application in meadow fields. This study focuses on differences in LC measurements obtained from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images and ground surveys based on dry matter assessments in seven meadow fields in Hokkaido, Japan. We propose a UAV-based LC (LC) estimation and mapping method using a land cover map from a simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) algorithm and a random forest (RF) classifier.

Visualization of sucrose distribution biosynthesized in vitro from external [1-C]sorbitol in apple (Malus domestica) fruit utilizing MALDI-TOF MSI.

To clarify the cause of graded distribution of sucrose in apple fruit flesh, a quarter cut of young apple fruit was cultured for 72 h on agar-solidified MS medium supplemented with 0.5 M [1-C]sorbitol, with the longitudinal or horizontal cut face being attached with the medium, and distribution of C-labelled sucrose in a specimen obtained by slicing the fruit along with the cut face was visualized utilizing MALDI-TOF MSI. Heat map images on the distribution of the peaks of sorbitol containing C-atom indicated that external [1-C]sorbitol had penetrated evenly into the tissue.

Study of the naturally occurring lignan brachangobinan A as antiplasmodial agent: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico prediction.

This study focused on the synthesis, structural validation, and evaluation of the antiplasmodial efficacy of brachangobinan A (BA) and its enantiomers, (+)-BA and (-)-BA, as potential antimalarial agents. BA, (+)-BA, and (-)-BA were synthesized through chemical processes and validated via advanced spectroscopic techniques. In vitro studies were conducted to assess their efficacy against Plasmodium falciparum strains 3D7 and K1 by determining their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) values, cytotoxicity profiles, and selectivity indices.

Isolation and characterization of Iwanai Valley virus, a new tick-borne nairovirus from Ixodes ovatus ticks in Hokkaido, Japan.

Most members of the genus Orthonairovirus, represented by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and Nairobi sheep disease virus, are tick-borne, and some have become a public health concern in recent years. Here, we report the isolation and genetic and biological characterization of a new orthonairovirus, designated as "Iwanai Valley virus" (IWVV), from Ixodes ovatus ticks in Hokkaido, Japan. The amino acid sequence of the viral nucleoprotein (NP) was found to be 34-45% identical to those of known orthonairoviruses.

High pyrethroid resistance is associated with high frequencies of 1014F and 1014S kdr mutations in Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) from Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Malaria remains a major public health threat in Burkina Faso, as in most sub-Saharan Africa countries. Malaria control relies mainly on long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying. In Burkina Faso, an escalating of insecticide resistance has been observed over the last decades.

Silicone oil, an intraocular surgical adjuvant, induces retinal ferroptosis.

Vitrectomy with silicone oil (SO) endotamponade is an effective treatment for vision-threatening retinal diseases. However, unexplained vision impairment has been reportedly critical side effects. Previously, we reported that the eyes with ocular toxoplasmosis showed retinal ferroptosis with the clinical sign of reduced intravitreal iron (Fe).

Assessment of myocardial function in Retrievers with dilated cardiomyopathy using 2D speckle tracking echocardiography: a pilot study.

Early diagnosis of canine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is complicated by the presence of a prolonged asymptomatic phase, for which a comprehensive evaluation of myocardial function is essential. This pilot study was conducted to evaluate the myocardial function in dogs with DCM using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE). Nine client-owned Retrievers with DCM and twelve client-owned clinically normal Retrievers were comparatively evaluated using standard echocardiography and 2D-STE.

Quantitative Analysis and Characteristics of Salmonella from Retail Chicken Meat Products in Japan.

From October 2020 to February 2021, a total of 95 retail chicken meat products from 39 retail meat shops in Tokyo Metropolis and Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, were collected and examined for the prevalence of Salmonella to assess public health implications. If a sample tested positive for Salmonella, a quantitative analysis was performed using the three-tube most probable number (MPN) method. Of 95 retail chicken meat products, Salmonella was isolated from 30 samples (31.

Morphological identification and first molecular characterization of Lobothorax typus (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) parasitizing Trichiurus lepturus (Scombriformes: Trichiuridae) in the Philippines.

Parasitic diseases pose a threat to fisheries, negatively affecting the livelihood and food security of billions of people worldwide. Among these, parasitic isopods of fish are not well documented and studied. Thus, we examined the buccal cavity of 385 randomly selected saltwater fishes sold in a fish market in Naic, Cavite, Philippines.

Detection of antibodies against H5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in multiple raccoons in Tokachi District, Hokkaido, Japan, from 2022 to 2023.

In recent years, infection cases of H5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) in wild mammals have increased globally. To obtain recent epidemiological information regarding influenza A virus (IAV) infection in raccoons (Procyon lotor), the prevalence of anti-IAV antibodies in sera was analyzed among raccoons captured in Tokachi District, Hokkaido, Japan, from 2019 to 2023. Screening of serum samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and agar gel precipitation test detected anti-IAV antibodies in 5 of 114 (4.

Relationship between plasma anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in female Holstein calves immediately after birth and milk yield and composition in dams during early to mid gestation.

The energy status of dams during the early stages of gestation may affect ovarian reserves. It was hypothesized that greater milk yield and composition during the early stages of gestation may suppress the number of primordial follicles in the fetuses of dairy cattle. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), used as an indicator of ovarian reserves, in female Holstein calves immediately after birth.

Analysis of gut microbiota with cryptosporidiosis based on fecal condition in neonatal dairy calves on a farm in Japan.

Cryptosporidiosis is a major cause of diarrhea and is associated with high morbidity in calves. Changes in the gut microbiota exacerbate diarrhea caused by infection in neonatal and weaned calves. However, information on the gut microbiota of neonatal calves with infection is scarce, and research into the microbiome of calves is essential for developing preventive and therapeutic interventions.