Whole-Genome Sequencing of the Entomopathogenic Fungus KMZW-1 and Its Efficacy Against .

KMZW-1 is recognized for its potential as a biocontrol agent against agricultural and forestry pests, particularly due to its compatibility with integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. This study aimed to investigate the complete genome of KMZW-1 and assess its pathogenicity against . Whole-genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 47,239,278 bp, comprising 27 contigs, with a GC content of 51.

Protective effect of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide on mice infected with Neospora caninum.

The study aimed to explore the protective effects of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide (IOP) on Neospora caninum (N. caninum) infection. Our data showed that the survival rate of the mice was the highest and the survival time was the longest when the IOP was 2 mg/10 g.

Early transcriptomic changes in peripheral blood 7 days after embryo transfer in dairy cattle.

A common goal of the dairy industry is to shorten the calving interval to reap several benefits associated with improved fertility. Early pregnancy detection is crucial to shorten this interval, allowing for prompt re-insemination of cows that failed to conceive after the first service. Currently, the industry lacks a method to accurately predict pregnancy within the first 3 wk.

Identification of three members of the multidomain adhesion CCp family in Babesia gibsoni.

Babesia gibsoni is an intraerythrocytic apicomplexan parasite transmitted by Haemaphysalis longicornis and causes canine babesiosis. Within the tick, the Babesia parasite undergoes sexual conjugation and the sporogony process of its life cycle. To control B.

A preliminary study on placental damage associated to experimental neosporosis in BALB/c mice.

Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite which can infect a range of animals, including dogs, cattle, and sheep. Bovine neosporosis, which mainly causes abortion in cattle, results in substantial economic losses worldwide. To study the effects of N.

Reduction of seminal plasma concentration can decrease detrimental effects of seminal plasma on chilled ram spermatozoa.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of seminal plasma (SP) and cold-shock on ram spermatozoa during 36 h storage at 5°C. In both ejaculated spermatozoa coated with egg yolk (second ejaculate; coated spermatozoa) and epididymal spermatozoa, samples were treated with 0, 50 and 100% seminal plasma. Different levels of seminal plasma were added on the basis of ram spermatocrit (32%).

Development of a stable transgenic Theileria equi parasite expressing an enhanced green fluorescent protein/blasticidin S deaminase.

Theileria equi, an intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite, causes equine piroplasmosis, a disease which negatively impacts the global horse industry. Genetic manipulation is one of the research tools under development as a control method for protozoan parasites, but this technique needs to be established for T. equi.

Reproductive injury in male BALB/c mice infected with Neospora caninum.

Background: Neospora caninum is one of the main causes of abortion in pregnant animals. However, N. caninum-induced reproductive injury in male mice is still unclear.

Association between visual marbling score and chemical intramuscular fat with camera marbling percentage in Australian beef carcasses.

This study assessed the precision and accuracy in the prediction of chemical intramuscular fat (IMF%), Meat Standards Australia (MSA) marbling score and AUS-MEAT eye-muscle area (EMA) using Meat Imaging Japan (MIJ) prototype camera systems. Eleven carcass datasets from the Beef Information Nucleus (BIN) project were compiled with carcass grading, IMF% and camera data. Camera prediction of IMF%, MSA marbling score and EMA was assessed using a leave-one-out cross validation method.

Postpartal resumption of ovarian activity in dairy cows: Implications for herbage-based feeding systems in Switzerland.

Milk production in Switzerland is mainly based on herbage feeding with little input of concentrates. The present study investigated the effects of a solely herbage-based diet with (C) and without concentrate (nC) supplementation on luteal activity, milk production and metabolic status in 23 multiparous Holstein dairy cows with early or delayed resumption of ovarian cyclicity post partum (pp). Cows were retrospectively assigned either to a group with early (until d 25 pp, EOV) or delayed resumption of ovarian activity (> d 30 pp, DOV), resulting in four subgroups depending on concentrate feeding: DOV-C, DOV-nC, EOV-C, EOV-nC.

Nanomedicine as a promising approach for diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis against COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) puts the world in an unprecedented crisis, leaving behind huge human losses and deep socioeconomic damages. Due to the lack of specific treatment against SARS-CoV-2, effective vaccines and antiviral agents are urgently needed to properly restrain the COVID-19 pandemic. Repositioned drugs such as remdesivir have revealed a promising clinical efficacy against COVID-19.

Multiple roles of hypoxia in bovine corpus luteum.

There has been increasing interest in the role of hypoxia in the microenvironment of organs, because of the discovery of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1), which acts as a transcription factor for many genes activated specifically under hypoxic conditions. The ovary changes day by day during the estrous cycle as it goes through phases of follicular growth, ovulation, and formation and regression of the corpus luteum (CL). These phenomena are regulated by hypothalamic and pituitary hormones, sex steroids, peptides and cytokines, as well as oxygen conditions.

Chemical structures of oligosaccharides in milks of the American black bear (Ursus americanus americanus) and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus).

The milk oligosaccharides were studied for two species of the Carnivora: the American black bear (Ursus americanus, family Ursidae, Caniformia), and the cheetah, (Acinonyx jubatus, family Felidae, Feliformia). Lactose was the most dominant saccharide in cheetah milk, while this was a minor saccharide and milk oligosaccharides predominated over lactose in American black bear milk. The structures of 8 neutral saccharides from American black bear milk were found to be Gal(β1-4)Glc (lactose), Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)Glc (2'-fucosyllactose), Gal(α1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (isoglobotriose), Gal(α1-3)[Fuc(α1-2)]Gal(β1-4)Glc (B-tetrasaccharide), Gal(α1-3)[Fuc(α1-2)]Gal(β1-4)[Fuc(α1-3)]Glc (B-pentasaccharide), Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)[Fuc(α1-3)]GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (difucosyl lacto-N-neotetraose), Gal(α1-3)Gal(β1-4)[Fuc(α1-3)]GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (monogalactosyl monofucosyl lacto-N-neotetraose) and Gal(α1-3)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (Galili pentasaccharide).

Screening the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box against piroplasm parasites.

Diminazene aceturate (DA) and imidocarb dipropionate are commonly used in livestock as antipiroplasm agents. However, toxic side effects are common in animals treated with these two drugs. Therefore, evaluations of novel therapeutic agents with high efficacy against piroplasm parasites and low toxicity to host animals are of paramount importance.

The effects of nitidine chloride and camptothecin on the growth of Babesia and Theileria parasites.

The treatment of bovine and equine piroplasmosis is limited to diminazene aceturate (DA) and imidocarb dipropionate. To address this challenge, we need to explore novel drug compounds and targets. Topoisomerases are potential drug targets because they play a vital role in solving topological errors of DNA strands during replication.

Chemical structures of oligosaccharides in milk of the raccoon (Procyon lotor).

In this study on milk saccharides of the raccoon (Procyonidae: Carnivora), free lactose was found to be a minor constituent among a variety of neutral and acidic oligosaccharides, which predominated over lactose. The milk oligosaccharides were isolated from the carbohydrate fractions of each of four samples of raccoon milk and their chemical structures determined by H-NMR and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopies. The structures of the four neutral milk oligosaccharides were Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)Glc (2'-fucosyllactose), Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (lacto-N-fucopentaose IV), Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (fucosyl para lacto-N-neohexaose) and Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)[Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-6)]Gal(β1-4)Glc (difucosyl lacto-N-neohexaose).

Identification of sialyl oligosaccharides including an oligosaccharide nucleotide in colostrum of an addax (Addax nasomaculatus) (Subfamily Antelopinae).

Mammalian milk/colostrum usually contains milk oligosaccharides along with the predominant lactose. Although milk oligosaccharides of a variety of Bovidae species including cow, sheep and goat have been characterized, those of the addax, an Antelopinae species of the Bovidae, have not as yet been clarified. In this study, several sialyl oligosaccharides were purified from a sample of addax colostrum and characterized as follows: Neu5Ac(α2-8)Neu5Ac(α2-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc, Neu5Gc(α2-8)Neu5Gc(α2-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc, Neu5Ac(α2-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc, Neu5Ac(α2-6)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc, Neu5Gc(α2-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc, Neu5Gc(α2-6)Gal(β1-4)Glc, Neu5Gc(α2-6)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc.

Proboscis infection route of Beauveria bassiana triggers early death of Anopheles mosquito.

Entomopathogenic fungi are known to control vector mosquito populations. Thus, understanding the infection dynamics of entomopathogenic fungi is crucial for the effective control of insect pests such as mosquitoes. We investigated the dynamics of Beauveria bassiana s.

Local immune system in oviduct physiology and pathophysiology: attack or tolerance?

The local immune system in the oviduct has a unique ability to deal with pathogens, allogeneic spermatozoa, and the semi-allogeneic embryo. To achieve this, it seems likely that the oviduct possesses an efficient and strictly controlled immune system that maintains optimal conditions for fertilization and early embryo development. The presence of a proper sperm and/or embryo-oviduct interaction begs the question of whether the local immune system in the oviduct exerts beneficial or deleterious effects on sperm and early embryo; support or attack?.

Chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of the common wombat (Vombatus ursinus).

Previous structural characterizations of marsupial milk oligosaccharides have been performed in the tammar wallaby, red kangaroo, koala, common brushtail possum and the eastern quoll. To clarify the homology and heterogeneity of milk oligosaccharides among marsupial species, which could provide information on their evolution, the oligosaccharides of wombat milk carbohydrate were characterized in this study. Neutral and acidic oligosaccharides were isolated from the carbohydrate fractions of two samples of milk of the common wombat and characterized by (1) H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.