Efficacy and safety of sodium RISedronate for glucocorticoid-induced OsTeoporosis with rheumaTOid arthritis (RISOTTO study): A multicentre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Objective: No evidence has shown the efficacy of Sodium Risedronate (Risedronate) for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness and safety of Risedronate for GIO complicated with RA.

Methods: This was a six-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 95 patients with GIO complicated with RA from 19 centers.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a prior lung transplant recipient.

Hematological diseases after solid organ transplant (SOT) are an emerging issue as the number of long-term SOT survivors increases. Expertise in managing patients requiring allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) after SOT from independent donors is needed; however, clinical reports of HSCT after SOT are limited, and the feasibility and risk are not well understood. In particular, HSCT in prior lung transplant recipients is thought to be complicated as the lung is immunologically distinct and is constantly exposed to the surrounding environment.

Changes in steering performance and muscle activity of the upper extremity according to the position of the spinner knob.

Introduction: A spinner knob attached to the steering wheel enables one-handed driving. However, changes in steering performance and muscle activity of the upper extremity based on the differences in the position of the knob are unknown.

Aim: To quantify changes in steering performance and their muscle activity according to the position of the knob.

Detection of somatic mutation in surgically resected small-cell lung cancer by targeted exome sequencing: association with longer relapse-free survival.

Objectives: Few reports have explored clinical biomarkers, including those identified by targeted exome sequencing (TES) of surgically resected small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and correlation with patient survival.

Patients And Methods: We collected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 127 patients with SCLC who had undergone surgery and analysed nonsynonymous somatic gene mutation profiles by TES of 26 cancer-related genes using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and web databases (UMIN Registration No. 000010117).

[A case of paraneoplastic myelopathy associated with anti-CV2/CRMP5 antibodies with small-cell lung cancer].

A 66-year-old woman with small-cell lung cancer and cancer-associated retinopathy with anti-recoverin antibodies presented with subacute paraplegia associated with recurrence of lung cancer. Although a spinal cord MRI did not show any visible lesion, the neurological symptoms and cerebrospinal fluid findings indicated myelitis. Anti-CV2/CRMP5 antibodies were also positive and the patient was diagnosed with paraneoplastic myelopathy.

Patient characteristics affecting knowledge of the possibility of surgical reconstruction for rheumatoid hand and wrist deformities.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate patient characteristics affecting their knowledge of surgical reconstruction for rheumatoid hand and wrist deformities, and to investigate such characteristics affecting their hope of receiving hand surgery if patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) knew surgical reconstruction options.

Methods: We carried out a questionnaire survey for all patients with RA who came to our outpatient department of rheumatology. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine significant characteristics associated with the knowledge of surgical reconstruction and patients' hope of receiving hand surgery.

Prognostic Impact of No-Flow Time on 30-Day Neurological Outcomes in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Who Received Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.

Background: How the time sequence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) procedures is related to clinical outcomes in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains unclear. This study examined the impact of the time interval from collapse to start of CPR (no-flow time, NF time) and the time interval from start of CPR to implementation of extracorporeal CPR (ECPR) (low-flow time, LF time) on neurological outcomes.

Methods and results: During the period from 2010 to 2015, we enrolled 85 patients who received ECPR.

Reliable free flaps using the microscopic parachute end-to-side technique in severe extremity injuries.

Purpose: Although end-to-side anastomosis is an essential method for the transfer of free flaps in traumatic extremity injuries, orthoplastic surgeons have no standard technique for performing this procedure. We describe a simple and reliable end-to-side technique is modified from that commonly used by cardiovascular surgeons for free-flap transfer.

Methods: Our microscopic parachute end-to-side technique consists primarily of two simple steps.

Oncological outcomes of a multicenter cohort treated with axitinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the real-world use of axitinib and to develop a prognostic model for stratifying patients who could derive long-term benefit from axitinib. This was a retrospective, descriptive study evaluating the efficacy of axitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma that had been treated with 1 or 2 systemic antiangiogenic therapy regimens at 1 of 36 hospitals belonging to the Japan Urologic Oncology Group between January 2012 and February 2019. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS).

Biodistribution and internal radiation dosimetry of a novel probe for thymidine phosphorylase imaging, [I]IIMU, in healthy volunteers.

Objective: We evaluated the radiation dosage, biodistribution, human safety, and tolerability of the injection of a single dose of [I] 5-iodo-6-[(2-iminoimidazolidinyl)methyl]uracil (IIMU), a new radiotracer targeting thymidine phosphorylase (TP), in healthy volunteers.

Methods: Potential participants were tested at our hospital to confirm their eligibility. Two healthy male adults passed the screening tests.

Atypical osteochondroma of the hamate that presented clinically as carpal tunnel syndrome: report of an extremely rare case and literature review.

Background: Osteochondroma is a benign tumor that occurs mainly at the metaphysis of long bones and seldom arises from carpal bones. We describe an extremely rare case of osteochondroma of the hamate without a typical cartilaginous cap and with a spiky bony protrusion in an elderly patient.

Case Presentation: A 78-year-old right-handed female housekeeper had a multilobed osteochondroma of the hamate, which caused carpal tunnel syndrome and irritation of the flexor tendons.

Thrombolysis With Alteplase at 0.6 mg/kg for Stroke With Unknown Time of Onset: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background and Purpose- We assessed whether lower-dose alteplase at 0.6 mg/kg is efficacious and safe for acute fluid-attenuated inversion recovery-negative stroke with unknown time of onset. Methods- This was an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, open-label, blinded-end point trial.

Non-negligible rate of needle tract seeding after endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer.

Background And Aims: Needle tract seeding after preoperative endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for pancreatic body and tail cancer has been reported. This study aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes, including the needle tract seeding ratio, of patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic body and tail cancer diagnosed preoperatively by EUS-FNA.

Methods: This retrospective, observational cohort study assessed patients from three university hospitals and 11 tertiary referral centers.

Combination of FDG-PET and FMISO-PET as a treatment strategy for patients undergoing early-stage NSCLC stereotactic radiotherapy.

Background: We investigated the prognostic predictive value of the combination of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)- and fluoromisonidazole (FMISO)-PET in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Patients And Methods: We prospectively examined patients with pathologically proven NSCLC; all underwent FDG and FMISO PET/CT scans before SBRT. PET images were acquired using a whole-body time-of-flight PET-CT scanner with respiratory gating.

Ten years change in post-fracture care for hip fracture patients.

Introduction: This multicenter, retrospective study aimed to clarify the changes in postoperative care provided by orthopaedic surgeons after hip fractures and clarify the incidence of secondary fractures requiring surgery.

Materials And Methods: Subjects were patients with hip fracture treated surgically in seven hospitals during the 10-year period from January 2008 to December 2017. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, preoperative and postoperative osteoporosis treatments, and secondary fractures were collected from the medical records.

IFN-λ3 as a host immune response in acute hepatitis E virus infection.

Background And Aim: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is mainly transmitted orally, either waterborne or zoonotic foodborne. Intestinal viruses such as rotavirus are known to induce type III interferon (IFN) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract where type III IFN dominantly functions in comparison with type I IFN. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the significance of type III IFN (IFN-λ3) in acute hepatitis E.

Effect of drugs containing glucose on FDG-PET image quality.

Objective: Patients often take prescription drugs for various diseases or complications that contain several grams of glucose. However, the effect of these glucose-containing medications on the image quality of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has not been established. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of taking drugs containing glucose before an FDG-PET on the PET image quality.

Biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of the novel hypoxia PET probe [F]DiFA and comparison with [F]FMISO.

Background: To facilitate hypoxia imaging in a clinical setting, we developed 1-(2,2-dihydroxymethyl-3-[F]-fluoropropyl)-2-nitroimidazole ([F]DiFA) as a new tracer that targets tumor hypoxia with its lower lipophilicity and efficient radiosynthesis. Here, we evaluated the radiation dosage, biodistribution, human safety, tolerability, and early elimination after the injection of [F]DiFA in healthy subjects, and we performed a preliminary clinical study of patients with malignant tumors in a comparison with [F]fluoromisonidazole ([F]FMISO).

Results: The single administration of [F]DiFA in 8 healthy male adults caused neither adverse events nor abnormal clinical findings.

Bromodomain and extraterminal domain inhibition synergizes with WEE1-inhibitor AZD1775 effect by impairing nonhomologous end joining and enhancing DNA damage in nonsmall cell lung cancer.

Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibitors are broadly active against distinct types of cancer, including nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous studies have addressed the effect of BET-inhibiting drugs on the expression of oncogenes such as c-Myc, but DNA damage repair pathways have also been reported to be involved in the efficacy of these drugs. AZD1775, an inhibitor of the G2-M cell cycle checkpoint kinase WEE1, induces DNA damage by promoting premature mitotic entry.

A rare case of localized IgG4-related sclerosing cholecystitis mimicking gallbladder cancer.

IgG4-related sclerosing cholecystitis is generally associated with IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis and presents with diffuse, circumferential thickening of the gallbladder wall. We report a rare case of localized IgG4-related sclerosing cholecystitis without IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis, which was difficult to differentiate from gallbladder cancer preoperatively. A 56-year-old man with suspected IgG4-related disease or gallbladder cancer was admitted to our ward.

Analysis of DLL3 and ASCL1 in Surgically Resected Small Cell Lung Cancer (HOT1702).

Background: Delta-like protein 3 (DLL3) is a Notch ligand that has an important role in the tumorigenesis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Recently, rovalpituzumab tesirine (Rova-T), a DLL3-targeted antibody-drug conjugate, has been developed for treating SCLC. DLL3 is a transcriptional target of the achaete-scute homolog-1 (ASCL1) transcription factor, which is involved in pulmonary neuroendocrine cell development.

Assessment of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET Accuracy in Localizing Recurrent Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Single-Arm Clinical Trial.

Importance: In retrospective studies, 68Ga-PSMA-11 positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging improves detection of biochemically recurrent prostate cancer compared with conventional imaging.

Objective: To assess 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET accuracy in a prospective multicenter trial.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this single-arm prospective trial conducted at University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Los Angeles, 635 patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer after prostatectomy (n = 262, 41%), radiation therapy (n = 169, 27%), or both (n = 204, 32%) underwent 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET.

DLL3 regulates the migration and invasion of small cell lung cancer by modulating Snail.

Delta-like protein 3 (DLL3) is a ligand of Notch signaling, which mediates cell-fate decisions and is tumor-suppressive or oncogenic depending on the cellular context. Previous studies show that DLL3 is highly expressed in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) but not in normal lung tissue, suggesting that DLL3 might be associated with neuroendocrine tumorigenesis. However, its role in SCLC remains unclear.