Effect of Regional Anesthesia on Intraoperative Hyperkalemia in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: Two Case Reports.

Intraoperative hyperkalemia is particularly common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We report two cases of intraoperative hyperkalemia occurring under general anesthesia, while potassium levels remained stable with regional anesthesia alone. Case 1 involved a 69-year-old male with CKD who underwent total thyroidectomy under general anesthesia and developed intraoperative hyperkalemia, requiring glucose-insulin (GI) therapy.

A Case of Subdural Hygroma due to a Ruptured Arachnoid Cyst in the Middle Cranial Fossa That Improved after Long-term Subdural Drainage: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Arachnoid cysts have the potential to rupture, leading to the development of a subdural hygroma following minor trauma. Although surgery may be considered in cases of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) or regional neurological symptoms, the optimal approach remains unclear. We report a case of subdural hygroma due to a ruptured arachnoid cyst (SHrAC) with elevated ICP successfully treated with long-term subdural drainage for over 1 month.

Comprehensive serum biomarker analysis reveals IL-8 changes as the only predictor of the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is widely used to predict the effectiveness of PD-(L)1 inhibitors despite its imperfection. Previous studies suggested the utilization of various serum biomarkers; nonetheless, findings are inconclusive because of limited sample sizes or the focus on a single biomarker in many of these studies. This study analyzed multiplex serum biomarkers to explore their predictive ability in a large cohort of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with a PD-L1 inhibitor in a real-world setting.

Synchronous Oligometastasis and Oligoprogression as a Prognostic Marker in Patients With Extensive-Stage SCLC Treated With a Combination of Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor and Chemotherapy (HOT2301).

Introduction: Oligometastasis and oligoprogression (OP) has not been adequately defined in extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC) and may be a good indication for adding local treatment. Therefore, this multicenter study aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of oligometastasis and OP in ES-SCLC.

Methods: We enrolled patients who received chemoimmunotherapy between September 2019 and June 2022.

Comparison of kidney and hepatic outcomes among sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: a retrospective study using multiple propensity scores.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been reported to have effects beyond lowering blood glucose levels, with certain SGLT2i expanding their indications to chronic kidney disease and chronic heart failure. We focused on the hepatoprotective and renoprotective effects of six SGLT2i and assessed whether the effects were unique to each drug or common class effects, in addition to whether the renal and hepatoprotective effects vary based on renal and hepatic status.

Methods: Patients with diabetes (ipragliflozin: 837, empagliflozin: 850, canagliflozin: 922, dapagliflozin: 590, tofogliflozin: 288, and luseogliflozin: 193) who initiated SGLT2i treatment and were monitored for one year were included.

CT Imaging Before Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Hypothermic Cardiac Arrest With Trauma.

Hypothermic cardiac arrest (HCA) with concomitant trauma presents a significant clinical management challenge. In these case reports, computed tomography (CT) imaging was performed before extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) in patients with cardiac arrest, accidental hypothermia, and trauma. The first case involved a 74-year-old male who collapsed outside his home under freezing conditions.

[Diagnosis of anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis led by sarcoplasmic myxovirus resistance protein A expression on muscle pathology].

A 44-year-old woman with autism spectrum disorder developed bulbar symptoms and generalized muscle weakness 7 months before referral. Six months before, she was administered glucocorticoid for liver involvement. During the course, while she presented alopecia, skin ulcers, and poikiloderma, hyperCKemia was observed only twice.

Spontaneous intercostal artery bleeding occurring simultaneously in numerous vessels during antithrombotic therapy with mechanical circulatory support: a case report.

Background: Intercostal artery bleeding often occurs in a single vessel; in rare cases, it can occur in numerous vessels, making it more difficult to manage.

Case Presentation: A 63-year-old Japanese man was admitted to the emergency department owing to sudden chest and back pain, dizziness, and nausea. Emergency coronary angiography revealed myocardial infarction secondary to right coronary artery occlusion.

Event-free survival at 36 months is a suitable endpoint for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with immunochemotherapy: real-world evidence from the North Japan Hematology Study Group.

Information regarding follow-up duration after treatment for newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is important. However, a clear endpoint has yet to be established. We enrolled a total of 2,182 patients newly diagnosed with DLBCL between 2008 and 2018.

An anatomo-functional study of the interactivity between the paracentral lobule and the primary motor cortex.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the anatomical and functional connections between the paracentral lobule (PCL) and the primary motor cortex (M1) of the human brain.

Methods: This retrospective study included 16 patients who underwent resection of lesions located near M1. Nine patients had lesions in the dominant hemisphere.

Prognostic value of combined psoas muscle mass and controlling nutritional status in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely poor prognostic disease. Even though multidisciplinary treatment for PDAC has developed, supportive therapies, such as nutritional therapy or perioperative rehabilitation to sustain and complete aggressive treatment, have not yet been well-established in PDAC. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the combined index using psoas muscle mass index (PMI) values and controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and prognosis.

[A case of Holmes tremor in which I-IMP SPECT and MRI findings suggest damage to the cerebellothalamic tract and the dentato-rubro-olivary pathway].

A 75-year-old woman was referred to our department in October 2022 with ataxia and involuntary movements of the right upper and lower limbs. She had experienced a left pontine hemorrhage in March 2021, which was managed conservatively. However, she had residual right-sided hemiplegia.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Check-ups in 2021 and 2022: A Nationwide Follow-up Survey of Healthcare Facilities in Japan Society of Ningen Dock.

Introduction: Preventive programs, including screenings for cancer and diabetes, were disrupted globally due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020. We previously conducted a nationwide survey to investigate the initial impact of the pandemic on health check-ups; however, the impact in the second and third years of the pandemic has not yet been elucidated. Here, we conducted a follow-up survey targeting healthcare facilities to evaluate the impact of the pandemic until the end of 2022.

A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of Maintenance of Continuous Cuff Pressures (20 cmH2O vs 30 cmH2O) on Postoperative Airway Symptoms in Laparoscopic Surgeries.

Introduction: Recently, laparoscopic surgery has been used in many fields of surgery. It has been reported that cuff pressure becomes high during laparoscopic surgery. Increased cuff pressure may cause postoperative sore throat and hoarseness.

Applicable predictive factors extracted from peak flow trajectory for the prediction of asthma exacerbation.

Background: Real-time asthma exacerbation prediction and acute asthma attack detection are essential for patients with severe asthma. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) exhibits a potential for use in long-term asthma self-monitoring. However, the method for processing PEF calculations remains to be clarified.

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Cryptococcal Meningitis in Hokkaido: A Case Series.

We retrospectively reviewed the medical histories, examination results, treatments, and prognoses of nine patients with cryptococcal meningitis who were diagnosed and treated at Hokkaido University Hospital and its affiliated hospitals over the past 10 years. Cryptococcal meningitis can develop even in immunocompetent hosts, and its prognosis is poor owing to diagnostic difficulties and delayed treatment. Although liposomal amphotericin B and oral 5-fluorocytosine are standard therapies, voriconazole or intraventricular administration of amphotericin B may also be considered treatment options for refractory patients.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Check-ups: A Nationwide Questionnaire Survey in 639 Healthcare Facilities in Japan Society of Ningen Dock.

Introduction: Health check-ups have been disrupted worldwide by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially at its beginning. In Japan, undergoing annual check-ups is mandatory for full-time employees of all ages, while those other than full-time employees are entitled to undergo nonmandatory cancer screenings and specific health check-ups. To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health check-ups, we conducted a nationwide questionnaire survey targeting healthcare facilities.

A novel approach to diagnosing crystal-storing histiocytosis: utility of scanning electron microscopy for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens.

Crystal-storing histiocytosis (CSH) is a rare disorder that shows infiltration of histiocytes with an aberrant cytoplasmic accumulation of crystalline structures and is often accompanied by lymphoproliferative-plasma cell disorders (LP-PCD) as background diseases. The diagnosis of CSH requires identification of crystalline structures that accumulate in the infiltrating histiocytes, which may be challenging by optical microscopy alone. In this case report, we describe an atypical course of systemic CSH with multifocal fibrosclerosis of an unknown background disease that was diagnosed by ultrastructural observation, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in pathological autopsy.

Metastatic lung tumor from hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus invasion in the pulmonary vein: a case report.

Background: Metastatic lung tumor with a tumor thrombus in the peripheral pulmonary vein is very rare. We present a case of a metastatic lung tumor from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with tumor thrombus invasion in the pulmonary vein that was diagnosed preoperatively and underwent complete resection by segmentectomy.

Case Presentation: A 77-year-old man underwent laparoscopic lateral segment hepatectomy for HCC eight years ago.

Reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes through the integrated improvement of diabetes care by comparing two prospective observational cohorts in real-world clinical practice (JDDM 72).

Aim: To investigate whether any reduction in all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease morbidity was found over the decade in type 2 diabetes on real-world practice.

Methods: A prospective observational study was performed by following two independent cohorts recruited in 2004 (n = 3286, Cohort 1) and 2014 (n = 3919, Cohort 2). The primary outcome was a composite of onset of cardiovascular disease and death.

Subclinical minute FLT3-ITD clone can be detected in clinically FLT3-ITD-negative acute myeloid leukaemia at diagnosis.

Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) have enabled the detection of subclinical minute FLT3-ITD. We selected 74 newly diagnosed, cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) samples in which FLT3-ITD was not detected by gel electrophoresis. We sequenced them using NGS and found minute FLT3-ITDs in 19 cases.