A national survey of oral maxillofacial surgeons' and trainees' awareness and practice regarding psychological problems associated with facial trauma.

Background: The psychological problems associated with facial trauma may sometimes pose additional health concerns for the injured patient. Understanding the gaps in the Oral and Maxillofacial surgeons' (OMFS) awareness of patient in need of specialist mental health intervention is important in ensuring holistic care for the trauma patient.

Objectives: To determine the knowledge, practices and self-assessed level of competence of Nigerian Oral maxillofacial surgeons/trainees regarding psychological problems associated with facial trauma and to determine their perceived need for training in assessment of psychological consequences following facial trauma.

Zinc normalizes hepatic lipid handling via modulation of ADA/XO/UA pathway and caspase 3 signaling in highly active antiretroviral therapy-treated Wistar rats.

Background: Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is effective in the management of HIV, it has been reported to induce hepatic injury and non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD). However, there is a lack of data on the roles of the adenosine deaminase (ADA)/xanthine oxidase (XO)/uric acid (UA) pathway and caspase 3 signaling in HAART-induced NAFLD. Also, whether or not zinc confers protection against HAART-induced NAFLD is not known.

Community Advocacy and Capacity Building of Community Health Workers on Rheumatic Heart Disease in Osun State, Nigeria.

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular diseases in the world. The study aimed to assess awareness and capacity building on the diagnosis and prevention of RHD among Community Health Workers (CHWs) Nigeria. It was an interventional study, where 300 CHWs from public Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities were selected pre-assessed on the diagnosis and prevention of RHD before their training on RHD.

Glutamine restores testicular glutathione-dependent antioxidant defense and upregulates NO/cGMP signaling in sleep deprivation-induced reproductive dysfunction in rats.

Oxidative stress has been linked with sleep deprivation (SD)-induced pathological conditions and reproductive dysfunction. On the other hand, glutamine has been established to have antioxidant property. However, the impact of SD, with or without glutamine, on male reproductive function is yet to be elucidated.

HAART exacerbates testicular damage and impaired spermatogenesis in anti-Koch-treated rats via dysregulation of lactate transport and glutathione content.

Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) is an effective anti-retroviral cocktail. Similarly, anti-Koch is highly potent against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, these drugs have been shown to impair male fertility.

Concomitant administration of HAART aggravates anti-Koch-induced oxidative hepatorenal damage via dysregulation of glutathione and elevation of uric acid production.

Anti-Koch and HAART have been shown to independently induce toxicity to the liver and kidney, albeit available data are few and inconsistent. The present study evaluates the impact of Anti-Koch and HAART, when administered singly and in combination, on hepatic and renal status, and the possible role of adenine deaminase (ADA)/xanthine oxidase (XO) pathway. Anti-Koch and HAART administration were observed to independently impair hepatic and renal functions, diminish glutathione content, and substantially increase lipid peroxidation (MDA) and nitrogen reactive specie (NO).

Intracranial abscesses in children at Ile-Ife, Nigeria: a case series and review of literature.

Purpose: Central nervous system (CNS) infections are significant causes of morbidities and mortalities in children with some being prone to the development of abscesses which can either be within the brain parenchyma or located in extracranial structures. We aimed to describe the clinical profile and outcome of children with cranial abscesses at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC).

Methods: Consecutive cases presenting at the Children Emergency Ward of OAUTHC Ile-Ife were recruited.

Trace Element Analysis of Cancerous and Non-cancerous Breast Tissues of African Women in Southwest Nigeria Using Particle-Induced X-ray Emission Technique.

In this study, we applied particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) spectroscopy to investigate the levels of trace elements in breast tissues and whole blood (cancerous and non-cancerous) of selected African women in Ile-Ife, Southwest Nigeria. Freeze-dried and homogenized specimens obtained through mastectomy from clinically diagnosed patients were made into 11-mm-diameter pellets. The pellets were irradiated with 2.

Serum vitamin D profile of Nigerian children with asthma: Association with asthma severity and control.

Objective: Childhood asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disorder with increasing prevalence even in Africa. Vitamin D, with anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory properties, may have effects on the severity and level of symptoms control in childhood asthma. We aimed to assess the serum vitamin D levels in children with asthma as related to disease severity and control in a tropical region.

Pre-donation screening of intending blood donors for antibodies to infectious agents in a Nigerian tertiary health institution: a pilot study.

Large pools of blood donors are difficult to get in most donor centres in Nigeria; donors come in trickles and only when there is pressing need. Predonation screening for transmissible agents, using induvidualised rapid screening techniques is often employed to avoid wastage of blood bags and reagents. The aim is to compare the relative prevalences of serum markers of infectious diseases in intending blood donors before blood donation for the purpose of elimination.

Community participation in health and development.

Background: This paper critically appraises the importance of community participation in health and development and the methods of involving them. It also emphasizes the role of every stakeholder in health and development.

Methods: These involved the review of some literature on this subject and examination of issues arising from the review.