Optimal Stopping Ages for Colorectal Cancer Screening.

Importance: Prior studies have shown that the benefits, harms, and costs of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening at older ages are associated with a patient's sex, health, and screening history. However, these studies were hypothetical exercises and not directly informed by data on CRC risk.

Objective: To identify the optimal stopping ages for CRC screening by sex, comorbidity, and screening history from a cost-effectiveness perspective.

Clinical and research applications of natural language processing for heart failure.

Natural language processing (NLP) is a burgeoning field of machine learning/artificial intelligence that focuses on the computational processing of human language. Researchers and clinicians are using NLP methods to advance the field of medicine in general and in heart failure (HF), in particular, by processing vast amounts of previously untapped semi-structured and unstructured textual data in electronic health records. NLP has several applications to clinical research, including dramatically improving processes for cohort assembly, disease phenotyping, and outcome ascertainment, among others.

Two decades of three-dimensional movement data from adult female northern elephant seals.

Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) have been integral to the development and progress of biologging technology and movement data analysis, which continue to improve our understanding of this and other species. Adult female elephant seals at Año Nuevo Reserve and other colonies along the west coast of North America were tracked annually from 2004 to 2020, resulting in a total of 653 instrument deployments. This paper outlines the compilation and curation process of these high-resolution diving and location data, now accessible in two Dryad repositories.

Advancing 3D dental scanning: The use of photogrammetry with light detection and ranging for edentulous arches.

Statement Of Problem: The advent of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) has necessitated the acquisition of digital scans. However, there are limitations and problems with acquiring accurate 3-dimensional (3D) casts from edentulous patients, especially in the presence of saliva.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to develop a novel approach for obtaining 3D casts of edentulous arches by using 2-dimensional (2D) images as an alternative to traditional 3D scanners with and without light detection and ranging (LiDAR).

Prioritising and including children in intersectoral policymaking: uncovering Immunity to Change in Ghana.

Despite strong commitments to improving children's well-being, nearly a third of Ghanaian children aged 36-59 months are not developmentally on track, with additional challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Improvements in children's health and well-being rely on effective intersectoral policies, however, not enough is known about how to achieve this in practice, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. We report on a case study of participatory intersectoral policymaking for child health in Ghana in 2021, feeding into the national Early Childhood Care and Development Policy.

Overcoming the challenges that women in robotics face.

Robotics history is still HIS story, but Women in Robotics is working hard to include HER story in the future of robotics.

Gene Therapy With URO-902 (pVAX/) for the Treatment of Female Patients With Overactive Bladder and Urge Urinary Incontinence: Safety and Efficacy From a Randomized Phase 2a Trial.

Purpose: To assess efficacy and safety of URO-902, an investigational gene therapy expressing the α subunit of the large-conductance Ca-activated K channel, in a phase 2a placebo-controlled trial in women with overactive bladder (OAB).

Materials And Methods: Women, age 40 to 79 years, with OAB and urge urinary incontinence who were refractory to OAB medications were randomized to single-dose URO-902 24 and 48 mg or placebo administered by intradetrusor injection by cystoscopy under local anesthesia. Efficacy end points included change from baseline to week 12 in mean daily micturitions, urgency episodes, urge urinary incontinence episodes, and patient-reported outcomes.

The Green Heart Project: Objectives, Design, and Methods.

The Green Heart Project is a controlled, community-based clinical trial to evaluate the effects of increasing greenery on community health. The study was initiated in 2018 in a low-to-middle-income residential area of nearly 30,000 racially diverse residents in Louisville, KY. Community engagement was maintained throughout the project, with feedback integrated into its design and implementation.

Human body donation programs best practices and recommended standards: A task force report from the American Association for Anatomy.

The American Association for Anatomy recently charged a task force with updating and expanding upon best practices and recommendations for human body donation programs. The task force comprised American Association for Anatomy members with specific and detailed knowledge about the legal, ethical, and procedural operations of body donation programs in the United States. The task force developed both foundational and aspirational recommendations.

Implications of the choroid plexus in Niemann-Pick disease Type C neuropathogenesis.

Background: Niemann-Pick Disease Type C (NPC) is an ultra-rare disorder characterized by progressive psychiatric and neurologic manifestations, with late infantile, juvenile, and adolescent/adult presentations. We examined morphological properties of the choroid plexus, a protective blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, in NPC, and their relationship with neurodegeneration, clinical status, and circulatory markers. This study also determined whether choroid plexus morphology differentiates between NPC and more prevalent illnesses, schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD), which have overlapping psychiatric symptoms with adolescent and adult-onset NPC and are associated with misdiagnosis.

Analysis of intestinal ostomy content on TikTok: The role of social media in countering fear and stigma.

Background: Ostomates suffer from multiple comorbidities and social stigma, which can be especially debilitating in young patients. TikTok has become a popular platform for this population to establish a community and gain resources. This study aims to characterize intestinal ostomy videos on TikTok.

Winter climate change mediates the sensitivity of vegetation leaf-out to spring warming in high latitudes in China.

Global warming has significantly altered plant phenology by advancing the timing of leaf emergence, impacting vegetation productivity and adaptability. Winter and spring temperatures have commonly been used to explain spring phenology shifts, but we still lack a solid understanding of the effects of interactions between conditions in different seasons. This study utilizes normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and meteorological data to examine the effects of changes in winter and spring temperatures and precipitation on the start of the vegetation growing season (SOS) at high latitudes in China from 1982 to 2015.

Binge Drinking Status as a Moderator in Narrative Versus Non-Narrative Pictorial Warning Labels: Roles of Cognitive Elaboration and Retrospective Reflection.

This study examined the potential role of binge drinking status in moderating the persuasive effects of narrative versus non-narrative pictorial warning labels (PWLs). In an online longitudinal experiment involving moderate and heavy drinkers, we found that the interaction between binge drinking status and PWL type was significant for intentions to reduce and stop drinking upon immediate PWL exposure ( = 649) and at two-week follow-up ( = 598). Among non-binge drinkers, narrative (vs.

Advancing Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) Diagnosis: A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Methodologies.

This study aimed to improve machine learning models for diagnosing interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) by comparing classical machine learning methods with newer AutoML approaches, utilizing biomarker data and patient-reported outcomes as features. We applied various machine learning techniques to biomarker data from the previous IP4IC and ICRS studies to predict the presence of IC/BPS, a disorder impacting the urinary bladder. Data were sourced from two nationwide, crowd-sourced collections of urine samples involving 2009 participants.

Exploring the long-term impact of a nurse-midwife mentorship intervention in Neno district, Malawi: a secondary data analysis of maternal and neonatal complications.

Background: There is critical need to strengthen the global nursing and midwifery workforce. This is especially true in Malawi where they are the primary providers of obstetric and neonatal care. In Neno district, Malawi, in 2017, we implemented an intensive training and longitudinal bedside mentorship intervention for nurses and midwives.

Rebuilding the autoimmune-damaged corneal stroma through topical lubrication.

Corneal lubrication is the most common treatment for relieving the signs and symptoms of dry eye and is considered to be largely palliative with no regenerative functions. Here we challenge this notion by demonstrating that wetting the desiccated cornea of an aqueous-deficient mouse model with the simplest form of lubrication, a saline-based solution, is sufficient to rescue the severely disrupted collagen-rich architecture of the stroma, the largest corneal compartment that is essential to transparency and vision. At the single cell level we show that stromal keratocytes responsible for maintaining stromal integrity are converted from an inflammatory state into unique reparative cell states by lubrication alone, thus revealing the extensive plasticity of these cells and the regenerative function of lubricating the surface.

Peritraumatic C-reactive protein levels predict pain outcomes following traumatic stress exposure in a sex-dependent manner.

Background: Chronic pain following traumatic stress exposure (TSE) is common. Increasing evidence suggests inflammatory/immune mechanisms are induced by TSE, play a key role in the recovery process versus development of post-TSE chronic pain, and are sex specific. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with chronic pain after TSE in a sex-specific manner.

Management of a Patient With an Anomalous Right Coronary Artery: A Case Report.

Coronary artery anomalies are rare congenital defects that involve abnormalities in the origin, course, or termination of the three main epicardial coronary arteries. Due to the variety of aberrant coronary artery defects, the clinical presentation can differ. Anomalous origins of the right coronary artery include the pulmonary trunk, ascending aorta, left sinus of Valsalva, and a course that traverses between the great vessels.

Understanding the effects of alcohol policies on treatment admissions and birth outcomes among young pregnant people.

Background: This study examines whether state-level alcohol policy types in the United States relate to substance use disorder treatment admissions and birth outcomes among young pregnant and birthing people.

Methods: We used data from the Treatment Episode Data Set: Admissions (TEDS-A) and Vital Statistics birth data for 1992-2019. We examined 16 state-level policies, grouped into three types: youth-specific, general population, and pregnancy-specific alcohol policies.

Gastric remnant volvulus following gastric sleeve conversion to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a case report.

Gastric remnant volvulus following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is rare, with only two previously reported cases. Herein, we present the first case of gastric remnant volvulus following gastric sleeve conversion to RYGB in a 32-year-old female. Management for gastric remnant volvulus has not been clearly described in the literature due to the rarity of cases; however, previously documented cases of gastric remnant volvulus following RYGB were managed with gastropexy or resection of the gastric remnant.