Severe Maternal Morbidity Associated With Chronic Hypertension, Preeclampsia, and Gestational Hypertension.

Importance: Chronic hypertension and preeclampsia are leading risk enhancers for maternal-neonatal morbidity and mortality. Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) indicators include heart, kidney, and liver disease, but studies have not excluded patients with preexisting diseases that define SMM. Thus, SMM risks for uncomplicated chronic hypertension specific to preeclampsia remain unclear.

Are More Adults Bleeding After Tonsillectomy Than in the Past?

Objective: Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) rates have increased in children over the last decade. This study aimed to determine whether PTH incidence in adults had also increased over the last 15 years.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Methods to Adjust for Confounding in Test-Negative Design COVID-19 Effectiveness Studies: Simulation Study.

Background: Real-world COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies are investigating exposures of increasing complexity accounting for time since vaccination. These studies require methods that adjust for the confounding that arises when morbidities and demographics are associated with vaccination and the risk of outcome events. Methods based on propensity scores (PS) are well-suited to this when the exposure is dichotomous, but present challenges when the exposure is multinomial.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes and myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have shown benefits in improving cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) and may mitigate symptom progression in myocardial infarction (MI). However, their effectiveness in patients with type 2 diabetes and MI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unclear.

Methods: To identify eligible studies, a comprehensive search of electronic databases, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Embase, was conducted from inception until May 2024.

Community-Based Participatory Research to Address the Disproportionate Burden of Breast Cancer in Black Women.

Objective: Black/African American women with breast cancer have disproportionately higher mortality rates and report experiencing a lower quality of life during survivorship compared to non-Hispanic white women. Despite support for the integration of peer navigation in cancer care and survivorship to address these inequities, Black/African American women often have limited access to culturally tailored peer navigation programs. We aimed to investigate the unique needs and strengths of Black/African American women with breast cancer and survivors to inform the development of a culturally tailored peer navigation program for Black/African American women.

Likes and Hashtags: Exploring the Potential Relationship Between Social Media use and the Emotional Wellbeing of Oncology Professionals.

Purpose: To explore the potential relationship between social media (SoMe) and burnout or overall wellbeing within the field of oncology.

Design: A cross-sectional study of adult and pediatric oncology professionals conducted using an anonymous electronic survey. The survey was disseminated through the Children's Oncology Group (COG) and the SWOG Cancer Research Network (SWOG) member listservs.

Development and validation of an EHR-based risk prediction model for geriatric patients undergoing urgent and emergency surgery.

Background: Clinical determination of patients at high risk of poor surgical outcomes is complex and may be supported by clinical tools to summarize the patient's own personalized electronic health record (EHR) history and vitals data through predictive risk models. Since prior models were not readily available for EHR-integration, our objective was to develop and validate a risk stratification tool, named the Assessment of Geriatric Emergency Surgery (AGES) score, predicting risk of 30-day major postoperative complications in geriatric patients under consideration for urgent and emergency surgery using pre-surgical existing electronic health record (EHR) data.

Methods: Patients 65-years and older undergoing urgent or emergency non-cardiac surgery within 21 hospitals 2017-2021 were used to develop the model (randomly split: 80% training, 20% test).

The Pediatric Hip Physical Exam.

Purpose Of Review: Atraumatic hip pain in children is one of the most common orthopaedic complaints in this population. This review details the important elements of the pediatric hip physical exam and provides an overview of pertinent clinical exam findings in specific diagnoses of common pediatric hip pathology.

Recent Findings: A thorough physical exam is critical for the diagnosis of pediatric hip pathology, as many conditions have exam findings that are very commonly associated with the pathology, if not pathognomonic for the disorder.

Outcomes After Salter-Harris II Distal Tibia Fractures in Children.

Background/objectives: Salter-Harris II (SH-II) distal tibia fractures are the most common physeal ankle fractures in children; however, indications for surgical management remain controversial, and patient-reported outcomes for different management strategies are unknown. The purpose of the current study is to compare differences in clinical and patient-reported outcomes following operative and non-operative management of this injury.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients who were treated at a single institution for SH-II distal tibia fractures between 2013 and 2020.

Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants in the Management of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis-Where Do We Stand?

Background: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cause of stroke, constituting 0.5-3% of all strokes with an extremely varied spectrum of presentation, predisposing factors, neuroimaging findings, and eventual outcomes. A high index of suspicion is needed because timely diagnosis can significantly alter the natural course of the disease, reduce acute complications, and improve long-term outcomes.

City-Level Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes and Changes in Adult Body Mass Index.

Importance: Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) excise taxes are popular policy interventions aimed at decreasing SSB purchasing and consumption to improve cardiometabolic health and generate revenue for public health initiatives. There is limited evidence that these taxes in the US are associated with weight-related outcomes in adults, a primary contributor to cardiometabolic health.

Objective: To determine the association between SSB excise taxes and adult body mass index (BMI) and proportion of adults with overweight or obesity among California cities and assess whether associations vary by demographic characteristics.

Lipidomics of Huntington's Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Current Status and Future Directions.

Background: Huntington's disease (HD) is a multifaceted neurological disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric functions. Despite a limited understanding of its pathogenesis, research has implicated abnormal trinucleotide cytosine-adenine-guanine CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene (HTT) as a critical factor. The development of innovative strategies is imperative for the early detection of predictive biomarkers, enabling timely intervention and mitigating irreversible cellular damage.

The impact of virtual reality on patient experience during wide-awake surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

This study aimed to establish whether virtual reality can reduce patient anxiety and improve surgical satisfaction during wide-awake local anaesthetic no tourniquet hand procedures. Previously validated questionnaires were used to assess subjective anxiety and patient satisfaction. Objective anxiety was determined using patient blood pressure and heart rate measured four times during the procedure.

Haralick Texture Analysis for Differentiating Suspicious Prostate Lesions from Normal Tissue in Low-Field MRI.

This study evaluates the feasibility of using Haralick texture analysis on low-field, T2-weighted MRI images for detecting prostate cancer, extending current research from high-field MRI to the more accessible and cost-effective low-field MRI. A total of twenty-one patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer (Gleason score 4+3 or higher) were included. Before transperineal biopsy guided by low-field (58-74mT) MRI, a radiologist annotated suspicious regions of interest (ROIs) on high-field (3T) MRI.

Pregnant and Recently Pregnant People's Views on Policies That Punish Pregnant People Who Use Cannabis.

Objective: To explore recently/currently pregnant people's experiences and views about cannabis use during pregnancy and their associated support for policies that punish pregnant people who use cannabis.

Methods: A market research firm administered a survey (May-June 2022) to pregnant and recently pregnant people ages 18-49 regarding their attitudes about cannabis use policies and practices. We used multivariable regression to assess whether cannabis use and beliefs are associated with support for punishing people who use cannabis.

Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) science: Probing the transient and time-variable sky.

The study of transient and variable events, including novae, active galactic nuclei, and black hole binaries, has historically been a fruitful path for elucidating the evolutionary mechanisms of our universe. The study of such events in the millimeter and submillimeter is, however, still in its infancy. Submillimeter observations probe a variety of materials, such as optically thick dust, which are hard to study in other wavelengths.

Should digoxin immune fab be administered based solely on reported ingested amount in acute digoxin poisoning?

Acute digoxin poisoning is increasingly uncommon in emergency medicine. Furthermore, controversy exists regarding indications for antidotal digoxin immune fab in acute poisoning. In healthy adults, the fab prescribing information recommends administration based on "known consumption of fatal doses of digoxin: ≥10mg," while many emergency medicine textbooks suggest fab administration be driven by clinical features or potassium concentration.

Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue associations with postmenopausal breast cancer incidence.

Background: Obesity, classified by body mass index (BMI), is associated with higher postmenopausal breast cancer (BCa) risk. Yet, the associations between abdominal visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with BCa are unclear.

Methods: We assessed BCa associations with abdominal VAT and SAT in a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women without a history of cancer and with 27 years follow-up (N = 9950), during which all new cancers were adjudicated.

Food Insecurity in Pregnancy, Receipt of Food Assistance, and Perinatal Complications.

Importance: Food insecurity is a growing public health concern, but its association with perinatal complications remains unclear.

Objective: To examine whether food insecurity in pregnancy was associated with the risk of perinatal complications and determine whether these potential associations differed by receipt of food assistance.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study used data from a pregnancy survey conducted between June 22, 2020, and September 9, 2022, at Kaiser Permanente Northern California, an integrated health care system serving a diverse population of 4.

The family's role in mental health care: Perceptions of Bay Area Muslims.

This qualitative study examines perceptions of Muslims living in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States, regarding the family's role in mental health help-seeking and well-being. This study employed a community-based participatory research approach through content analysis of three focus group ( = 37) discussions conducted with the help of a community advisory board comprised San Francisco Bay Area Muslim community members. Four main themes were generated.

Incidental Findings on Computed Tomography in Children With Blunt Abdominal Trauma.

Study Objective: Nontraumatic, incidental findings on computed tomography (CT) may be discovered after blunt abdominal trauma in children; however, the rate and importance of these findings are not well known. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and types of incidental CT findings among injured children undergoing abdominal/pelvic CT.

Methods: This was a planned secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort study of children (<18 years) who underwent abdominal/pelvic CT after blunt trauma.

Cross-cutting effect of type 2 diabetes on the sensorimotor control of balance.

Type 2 Diabetes is a highly prevalent chronic disorder that affects multiple systems through microvascular complications. Complications such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic vestibular dysfunction (vestibulopathy) all directly interfere with the sensory components of balance and postural stability. The resulting impairments cause increased falls risk and instability, making it difficult to perform daily task or exercise.

Management of children with food allergies by allergists in the United States.

Background: Management of patients with food allergies is complex, especially in cases of patients with multiple and potentially severe food allergies. Although international guidelines exist for food allergy management, the role of the allergist in the decision-making process is key.

Objective: Our aim was to investigate the management patterns and educational needs of practicing allergists treating patients with food allergies.

Population Size Estimation of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Google Trends Analysis.

Background: Population size estimation (PSE) for key populations is needed to inform HIV programming and policy.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the utility of applying a recently proposed method using Google Trend (GT) internet search data to generate PSE (Google Trends Population Size Estimate [GTPSE]) for men who have sex with men (MSM) in 54 countries in Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Europe.

Methods: We examined GT relative search volumes (representing the relative internet search frequency of specific search terms) for "porn" and, as a comparator term, "gay porn" for the year 2020.